blow away phrasal verb 1.. blow off phrasal verb to make some-thing go away by blowing 쑗 The wind blew his hat off.. blow out phrasal verb to make some-thing go out by blowing 쑗 She blew
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shopping on her bicycle 쑗 He’s
learn-ing to ride a bicycle.
bid
bid /bd/ noun 1 an offer to buy
some-thing at a particular price 쑗 His bid for
the painting was too low 2. an attempt
to do something 왍 she made a bid for
power she tried to seize power 쐽 verb to
make an offer to buy something at an
auction 쑗 He bid £500 for the car.
(NOTE: bids – bidding – bid)
big
big /b'/ adjective of a large size 쑗 I don’t
want a small car – I want a big one 쑗
His father has the biggest restaurant in
town 쑗 I’m not afraid of him – I’m
big-ger than he is 쑗 We had a big order
from Germany (NOTE: big – bigger –
biggest)
bike
bike /bak/ noun a bicycle (informal) 쑗
He goes to school by bike 쑗 If the
weather’s good, we could go for a bike
ride.
bill
bill /bl/ noun 1 a piece of paper showing
the amount of money you have to pay
for something 쑗 The total bill came to
more than £200 쑗 Ask the waiter for the
bill 쑗 Don’t forget to pay your gas bill.
2. same as beak 쑗 The bird was picking
up food with its bill 3 a proposal
which, if passed by parliament,
be-comes law 쑗 Parliament will consider
the education bill this week 쑗 He has
drafted a bill to ban the sale of guns 4.
US a piece of paper money 쑗 a
10-dol-lar bill
billion
billion / bljən/ noun 1 one thousand
million 쑗 The government raises
bil-lions in taxes each year 2 one million
million (dated) 3 a great many 쑗
Bil-lions of Christmas cards are sent every
year (NOTE: In American English billion
has always meant one thousand
mil-lion, but in British English it formerly
meant one million million, and it is still
sometimes used with this meaning
With figures it is usually written bn:
$5bn say ‘five billion dollars’.)
bin
bin /bn/ noun 1 a container for putting
rubbish in 쑗 Don’t throw your litter on
the floor – pick it up and put it in the bin.
2. a container for keeping things in 쑗 a
bread bin 쐽verb to throw something
away into a rubbish bin 쑗 He just binned
the demand for payment (NOTE: bins – binning – binned)
bind
bind /band/ verb 1 to tie someone’s
hands or feet so they cannot move 쑗
They bound her arms with a rope 2 to
tie something or someone to something
else 쑗 Bind the sticks together with strings 쑗 They bound him to the chair
with strips of plastic 3 to force
some-one to do something 쑗 The contract
binds him to make regular payments 4.
to put a cover on a book 쑗 The book is bound in blue leather (NOTE: binds – binding – bound – has bound)
and feathers, most of which can fly 2 a
young woman (informal; usually used
by men and sometimes regarded asoffensive by women)
birth
birth /
born 쑗 He was a big baby at birth 왍 by birth according to the country some-
one’s parents come from 쑗 He is French
by birth 왍 to give birth to a baby to
have a baby 쑗 She gave birth to a boy last week.
birthday
birthday /
which someone was born 쑗 April 23rd
is Shakespeare’s birthday 쑗 My day is on 25th June 쑗 What do you want for your birthday?
birth-biscuit
biscuit / bskt/ noun a small flat,
usual-ly sweet, hard cake (NOTE: The US term
for a sweet biscuit is cookie)
bit
bit /bt/ noun 1 a little piece 쑗 He tied the bundle of sticks together with a bit of string 쑗 Would you like another bit of
cake? 2 the smallest unit of information
that a computer system can handle 쐽
verb 쏡 bite앳 to bits 1 into little pieces
2. very much 쑗 thrilled to bits 앳 to come or fall to bits to fall apart 쑗 The chair has come to bits 앳 to take some- thing to bits to take something apart in
order to repair it 쑗 He’s taking my old clock to bits 앳 a bit a little 쑗 The paint- ing is a bit too dark 쑗 She always plays that tune a bit too fast 쑗 Let him sleep
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a little bit longer 쑗 Can you wait a bit?
I’m not ready yet 쑗 Have you got a
piece of wood a bit bigger than this one?
앳 for a bit for a short period of time 쑗
Can you stop for a bit? I’m getting tired.
bite
bite /bat/ verb 1 to cut someone or
something with your teeth 쑗 The dog
tried to bite the postman 쑗 She bit a
piece out of the pie 2 (of an insect) to
make a small hole in your skin which
turns red and itchy 쑗 She’s been bitten
by a mosquito (NOTE: bites – biting –
bit / bt/ – has bitten / bt(ə)n/) 쐽
noun 1 a small amount of food that you
cut with your teeth in order to eat it 쑗
She took a big bite out of the sandwich.
왍 a bite or a bite to eat a small meal 2.
a place on someone’s body where it has
been bitten
bitter
bitter / btə/ adjective 1 not sweet 쑗
This black coffee is too bitter 2 angry
because something is not fair 쑗 She was
very bitter about the way the company
treated her 3 causing great
disappoint-ment or unhappiness 쑗 a bitter winter
night 쑗 a bitter wind coming from the
Arctic 쑗 Losing her job was a bitter
blow.
bitterly
bitterly / btəli/ adverb strongly 쑗 He
bitterly regrets what he said.
bitterness
bitterness / btənəs/ noun 1 a bitter
taste 2 angry feelings 쑗 His bitterness
at being left out of the England team
was very obvious.
black
black /blk/ adjective 1 having a very
dark colour, the opposite to white 쑗 a
black and white photograph 쑗 He has
black hair 2 belonging to a race of
peo-ple with dark skin, whose families are
African in origin
blackboard
blackboard /
board which you can write on with
chalk, especially on the wall of a
class-room (NOTE: now often called a
‘chalk-board’)
blade
blade /bled/ noun 1 a sharp cutting part
쑗 the blades of a pair of scissors 쑗 Be
careful – that knife has a very sharp
blade 2 a thin leaf of grass 3 one of the
long flat parts that spin round on some
aircraft engines or to keep a helicopter
in the air
blame
blame /blem/ noun criticism for having
done something wrong 쑗 I’m not going
to take the blame for something I didn’t
do 왍 to get the blame for something to
be accused of something 쑗 Who got the blame for breaking the window? – Me,
of course! 왍 to take the blame for something to accept that you were re-
sponsible for something bad 쐽 verb 왍 to
blame someone for something, to
blame something on someone to say
that someone is responsible for
some-thing 쑗 Blame my sister for the awful food, not me 쑗 He blamed the accident
on the bad weather 왍 I don’t blame
you I think you’re right to do that 쑗 I don’t blame you for being annoyed, when everyone else got a present and you didn’t 왍 you have only yourself to blame no one else is responsible for
what happened 쑗 You have only yourself
to blame if you missed the chance of a free ticket 왍 to be to blame for to be re-
sponsible for something 쑗 The manager
is to blame for the bad service.
thing to be written in 쑗 Just fill in the blanks on the second page – age, occu- pation, etc 앳 to go blank to be unable
to remember something 쑗 I went blank when they asked what I was doing last Tuesday 쑗 When he asked for my work phone number, my mind just went blank.
blank out phrasal verb 1 to cross out
or cover a piece of writing 쑗 The
sur-name had been blanked out 2 to try to
forget something deliberately 쑗 She blanked out the days or the memory of the days immediately after the car crash.
blanket
blanket / blŋkt/ noun 1 a thick cover
which you put over you to keep warm 쑗
He woke up when the blankets fell off the bed 쑗 She wrapped the children up
in blankets to keep them warm 2 a
thick layer 쑗 a blanket of leaves 쑗 A blanket of snow covered the fields 쑗
The motorway was covered in a blanket
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of fog 3 a barrier to protect something
쑗 a blanket of secrecy 쐽adjective
af-fecting everything or everyone 쑗 a
blan-ket ban on smoking
blankly
blankly / blŋkli/ adverb not showing
any reaction or emotion 쑗 When the
teacher asked him about his homework
he just stared at her blankly.
blast
Several windows were shattered by the
blast 2. a strong current of wind 쑗 an
icy blast from the north 3 a sharp loud
sound from a signal or whistle 쑗 Three
blasts of the alarm means that
passen-gers should go on deck 쐽verb to
de-stroy with a bomb or bullets 쑗 The
bur-glars blasted their way into the safe 쑗
They blasted their way out of the police
trap.
blaze
blaze /blez/ verb to burn or shine
strong-ly 쑗 The fire was blazing 쑗 The sun
blazed through the clouds 쐽 noun a
large bright fire 쑗 The house was
burned down in the blaze.
bleed
chin bled after he cut himself shaving 쑗
He was bleeding heavily from his
wound (NOTE: bleeds – bleeding –
bled /bled/)
blend
blend /blend/ noun something,
especial-ly a substance, made by mixing
differ-ent things together 쑗 different blends of
coffee 쐽 verb 1 to mix things together
쑗 Blend the eggs, milk and flour
togeth-er 2 (of colours) to go well together 쑗
The grey curtains blend with the pale
wallpaper.
bless
bless /bles/ verb to make something holy
by prayers 쑗 The church was blessed by
the bishop (NOTE: blesses – blessing
– blessed /blest/) 앳 to be blessed
with to experience happiness or good
things 쑗 They were blessed with two
healthy children 앳 bless you said
when someone sneezes
blew
blew /
blind
blind /bland/ adjective not able to see 쑗
He went blind in his early forties.
(NOTE: Some people avoid this word as
it can cause offence and prefer terms
such as visually impaired or partially
sighted.) 쐽 verb to make someone
un-able to see, especially for a short time 쑗
She was blinded by the bright lights of the oncoming cars.
blindness
blindness / blandnəs/ noun the state
of not being able to see 쑗 The disease can cause blindness (NOTE: Some peo-ple avoid this term as it can cause of-
fence and prefer visual impairment.)
blink
blink /blŋk/ noun to close your eyes and
open them again very quickly 쑗 The sudden flash of light made him blink 쐽
verb (of lights) to go on and off 쑗 The alarm light is blinking.
block
block /blɒk/ noun 1 a large building 쑗
They live in a block of flats 2 a large
piece 쑗 Blocks of ice were floating in the
river 3 something that prevents
some-thing happening 쑗 a block on making payments 왍 to put a block on some- thing to stop something happening 4 same as blockage 1 5. US a section of
buildings surrounded by streets 쑗 He lives two blocks away 쐽 verb to preventsomething from passing along some-
thing 쑗 The pipe is blocked with dead leaves 쑗 The crash blocked the road for hours.
blockage
blockage / baυnd(ə)ri/ noun an
imagi-nary line or physical barrier separating
two things 쑗 Their behaviour crossed
the boundary between unkindness and
cruelty 쑗 The white fence marks the
boundary between the two gardens.
bow
bow /baυ/ noun 1 the act of bending
your body forwards as a greeting or sign
of respect 쑗 He made a deep bow to the
audience 왍 to take a bow to stand on a
stage and bend forwards to thank the
au-dience 쑗 The actors took their bows one
after the other 2 the front part of a ship
쐽 verb 1 to bend your body forward as
a greeting or sign of respect 쑗 He bowed
to the queen 2 to bend your head
for-wards 쑗 She bowed her head over her books.
bowl
bowl /bəυl/ noun 1 a wide, round
con-tainer for something such as food or
wa-ter 쑗 Put the egg whites in a bowl and
beat them 2 the food or liquid
con-tained in a bowl 쑗 He was eating a bowl
of rice 쑗 A bowl of hot thick soup is just what you need in this cold weather 쐽
verb 1 (especially in cricket) to throw a
ball to a batsman 왍 to bowl someone (out) to throw the ball to someone and hit his or her wicket 2 (in a game of
bowls) to roll a bowl along the ground totry to get close to the target
box
box /bɒks/ noun 1 a container made of
wood, plastic, cardboard or metal, with
a lid 쑗 The cakes came in a cardboard
box 2 a container and its contents 쑗 He took a box of matches from his pocket 쑗
He gave her a box of chocolates for her birthday 쐽verb to fight by punching,especially when wearing special thick
gloves 쑗 He learnt to box at a gym in the East End.
boxing
boxing / bɒksŋ/ noun a sport in whichtwo opponents fight each other in asquare area wearing special thick gloves
boy
boy /bɔ/ noun 1 a male child 쑗 A boy from our school won the tennis match 쑗
I knew him when he was a boy 2 a son
쑗 Her three boys are all at university 3.
왍 the boys men who are friends, or who
play sport together (informal)
bra
bra /derwear worn to support the breasts
intelligence 왍 to use your brain to
think sensibly 왍 she’s got brains, she’s
got a good brain she’s intelligent
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brainy
brainy / breni/ adjective very intelligent
(informal) (NOTE: brainier – brainiest)
brake
brake /brek/ noun a part of a vehicle
used for stopping or making it go more
slowly 쑗 Put the brake on when you go
down a hill 쑗 The brakes aren’t
work-ing! 쐽 verb to slow down by pressing a
vehicle’s brakes 쑗 The driver of the
lit-tle white van braked, but too late to
avoid the dog.
branch
branch /
a tree, growing out of the main part 쑗
He hit his head against a low branch 2.
a local office of an organisation 쑗 He’s
the manager of our local branch of
Lloyds Bank 쑗 The store has branches
in most towns in the south of the
coun-try 3 one part of something larger 쑗
Genetics is a branch of biology 쑗 I’m
not in contact with the Irish branch of
my family 4 a section of a road, railway
line or river that leads to or from the
main part 쐽verb to divide into two or
more parts
brand
brand /brnd/ noun a product with a
name, made by a particular company 쑗
a well-known brand of soap 쐽verb to
describe someone or something
public-ly as bad 쑗 He was branded as a thief 쑗
The minister was publicly branded a
liar in the newspaper.
brand name
brand name / brnd nem/ noun the
official name of a product
metal used for making things such as
some musical instruments and door
han-dles 쑗 The doctor has a brass name
plate on his door 2 musical
instru-ments made of brass, such as trumpets
or trombones 쑗 the brass section of the
orchestra 쑗 He has composed several
pieces of music for brass.
brave
brave /brev/ adjective not afraid of
do-ing unpleasant or dangerous thdo-ings 쑗 It
was very brave of him to dive into the
river to rescue the little girl (NOTE:
braver – bravest) 쐽 verb to accept
un-pleasant or dangerous conditions in
or-der to achieve something 쑗 We braved
the Saturday crowds in the supermarket
because we needed bread and milk.
bravely
bravely / brevli/ adverb in a brave way
bravery
bravery / brevəri/ noun the ability to
do dangerous or unpleasant things
with-out being afraid 쑗 We admired her ery in coping with the illness 쑗 He won
brav-an award for bravery.
bread
bread /bred/ noun food made from flour
and water baked in an oven 쑗 Can you get a loaf of bread from the baker’s? 쑗
She cut thin slices of bread for wiches.
sand-breadth
breadth /bredθ/ noun 1 a measurement
of how wide something is 쑗 The breadth
of the piece of land is over 300m 2 the
fact of being full or complete 쑗 His swers show the breadth of his knowl- edge of the subject 앳 the length and breadth of something everywhere in
an-a plan-ace 쑗 We walked the length and breadth of the field but found no mush- rooms.
break
break /brek/ verb 1 to make something
divide into pieces accidentally or
delib-erately 쑗 He dropped the plate on the floor and broke it 쑗 She broke her leg when she was skiing 쑗 Break the choc-
olate into four pieces 2 to divide into
pieces accidentally 쑗 The clock fell on
the floor and broke 3 to fail to carry out
the terms of a contract or a rule 쑗 The company has broken its agreement 왍 to break a promise not to do what you had
promised to do 쑗 He broke his promise
and wrote to her again 4 왍 to break it
or to break the news to someone to tell
someone bad news 쑗 We will have to break it to her as gently as possible.
(NOTE: Do not confuse with brake Note also breaks – breaking – broke
/brəυk/ – has broken / brəυkən/.) 쐽
noun 1 a short pause or rest 쑗 There will be a 15-minute break in the middle
of the meeting 왍 without a break
with-out stopping 쑗 They worked without a break 왍 to take a break to have a short
rest 쑗 We’ll take a break now, and start
again in fifteen minutes 2 a short
holi-day 쑗 a winter break 앳 to break your journey to stop travelling for a while
before going on 쑗 We’ll break our ney in Edinburgh.
jour-break down phrasal verb 1 (of a
ma-chine) to stop working 쑗 The lift has
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broken down again 쑗 The car broke
down and we had to push it 2 to show
all the items that are included in a total
separately 쑗 Can you break down this
invoice into travel costs and extras? 3.
to become upset and start crying 쑗
When she got her results she just broke
down 4 to separate a substance into
small parts, or to become separated 쑗
Enzymes break down the food 5 to fail
쑗 Their relationship quickly broke
down when he lost his job 쑗 The
discus-sions seem likely to break down over the
amount of money being offered.
break in phrasal verb 1 왍 to break in,
to break into a building to use force to
get into a building 쑗 Burglars broke
into the office during the night 2 to
in-terrupt something that is happening 쑗
I’m sorry to break in, but I need to speak
to Mr McGregor urgently.
break into phrasal verb to start doing
something 쑗 When they saw the photos,
they broke into laughter.
break off phrasal verb 1 to make
something come off by breaking 쑗 He
broke a piece off his pie and gave it to
the dog 2 to come off by breaking 쑗
The handle broke off the cup in the
dish-washer 쑗 Several branches broke off in
the wind 3 to stop something suddenly
쑗 He broke off in the middle of his story.
쑗 They broke off the discussions 왍 to
break it off to end a relationship 쑗 They
were going to get married, but she
broke it off.
break out phrasal verb 1 to start 쑗
War broke out between the countries in
the area 2 to escape 쑗 Three prisoners
broke out of jail.
break up phrasal verb 1 to divide into
pieces 쑗 The oil tanker was breaking up
on the rocks 2 (of a meeting) to end 쑗
The meeting broke up at 3 p.m.
breakable
breakable / brekəb(ə)l/ adjective that
can break easily
breakdown
breakdown / brekdaυn/ noun 1 a
sit-uation in which someone cannot
contin-ue to live normally any more because
they are mentally ill or very tired 2 a
situation in which a machine or vehicle
stops working 쑗 We had a breakdown
on the motorway 쑗 A breakdown truck came to tow us to the garage.
breakfast
breakfast / brekfəst/ noun the first
meal of the day 쑗 I had a boiled egg for breakfast 쑗 She didn’t have any break- fast because she was in a hurry 쑗 The hotel serves breakfast from 7.30 to 9.30 every day.
breast
breast /brest/ noun 1 one of two parts
on a woman’s chest which produce milk
2. meat from the chest part of a bird 쑗
We bought some chicken breasts to make
He was out of breath after running all the way to the station 왍 to hold your breath to keep air in your lungs, e.g in
order to go under water 쑗 She held her breath under water for a minute 왍 to take a deep breath to breathe in as
much air as you can 앳 to take one’s breath away to surprise some-
some-one very much 쑗 The beautiful view just took our breath away 앳 under your breath quietly 쑗 He swore under his breath 앳 don’t hold your breath
don’t expect it to happen 쑗 He said he’ll pay us next month, but don’t hold your breath!
breathe
breathe /
lungs or let it out 쑗 Relax and breathe in and then out slowly 왍 to breathe deep-
ly to take a lot of air into the lungs 왍
breathing down someone’s neck
al-ways watching and judging what one is doing
animals 쑗 Rabbits breed very rapidly 2.
to keep animals which produce young
ones 쑗 They breed sheep for the meat and the wool (NOTE: breeds – breed- ing – bred /bred/)
breeze
cool breeze is welcome on a hot day like
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this 쐽 verb to walk around looking very
pleased with yourself 쑗 He breezed into
the meeting carrying a cup of coffee.
breeze through phrasal verb to do
something without any difficulty 쑗 She
breezed through the tests in an hour.
brick
brick /brk/ noun a hard block of baked
clay used for building
bride
bride /brad/ noun a woman who is
get-ting married or has just married
bridge
bridge /brd"/ noun 1 a road or path
built over a road or river so that you can
walk or drive from one side to the other
2. a connection or helpful link between
two things 쑗 A shared interest can be a
bridge between old and young.
brief
brief note of thanks 쑗 The meeting was
very brief 앳 in brief in a few words, or
without giving details 쑗 We have food
for only a few days; in brief, the
situa-tion is very serious.
bright /brat/ adjective 1 full of light or
sunlight 쑗 a bright day 쑗 a bright room
왍 bright sunshine or sunlight strong
clear light from the sun 2 (of a colour)
very strong 쑗 They have painted their
front door bright orange 3 a young
person who is bright is intelligent 쑗
Both children are very bright 쑗 She’s
the brightest student we’ve had for
many years 4 clear and sunny 쑗 There
will be bright periods during the
after-noon 5 happy and pleasant 쑗 She gave
me a bright smile.
brightly
brightly / bratli/ adverb 1 in a strong
clear light or colour 쑗 A children’s book
with brightly painted pictures 쑗 The
streets were brightly lit for Christmas.
2. cheerfully 쑗 She smiled brightly as
she went into the hospital.
brightness
brightness / bratnəs/ noun 1 strong
clear light 2 strong colour
brilliant
brilliant / brljənt/ adjective 1
extreme-ly clever 쑗 He’s the most brilliant
stu-dent of his year 쑗 She had a brilliant
idea 2 (of light) strong and clear 쑗 She
stepped out into the brilliant sunshine.
3. very good (informal) 쑗 The way the information is displayed on this website
is brilliant.
bring
bring /brŋ/ verb to come with someone
or something to this place 쑗 She brought the books to school with her 쑗 He brought his girlfriend home for tea 쑗
Are you bringing any friends to the ty? (NOTE: brings – bringing – brought /
par-bring up phrasal verb 1 to look after
and educate a child 쑗 He was born in the USA but brought up in England 쑗
He was brought up by his uncle in
Scot-land 2 to mention a problem 쑗 He brought up the question of the noise.
brink
brink /brŋk/ noun the brink the time
when something is about to happen 왍 on the brink of (doing) something about
to achieve something 쑗 The company is
on the brink of collapse 쑗 She was on the brink of a nervous breakdown.
British
British / brtʃ/ adjective relating to the
United Kingdom 쑗 a British citizen 쑗
the British army 쑗 The British press ported their death in a plane crash in Africa 쑗 The ship was flying a British flag.
broken / brəυkən/ adjective 1 in pieces
쑗 She tried to mend the broken vase 2.
not working 쑗 We can’t use the lift cause it’s broken.
brought
brought /
ciple of bring
brown
brown /braυn/ adjective 1 with a colour
like earth or wood 쑗 She has brown hair
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and blue eyes 쑗 It’s autumn and the
leaves are turning brown 2. with skin
made dark by the sun 쑗 He’s very brown
– he must have been sitting in the sun.
bruise
bruise /
on the skin, where you have been hit 쑗
She had bruises all over her arms 쐽
verb to make a bruise on the skin by
be-ing hit or by knockbe-ing yourself on
something 쑗 She bruised her knee on
the corner of the table.
brush
brush /brʃ/ noun 1 a tool made of a
handle and hairs or wire, used for doing
things such as cleaning or painting 쑗
You need a stiff brush to get the mud off
your shoes 쑗 She used a very fine brush
to paint the details 쑗 He was painting
the front of the house with a large brush.
(NOTE: The plural is brushes.) 2 the
act of cleaning with a brush 쑗 She gave
the coat a good brush 3 a short
argu-ment or fight with someone 쑗 He’s had
several brushes with the police recently.
쐽verb 1 to clean with a brush 쑗 He
brushed his shoes before going to the
of-fice 쑗 Always remember to brush your
teeth before you go to bed 2 to go past
something touching it gently 쑗 She
brushed against me as she came into the
café.
brush off phrasal verb 1 to clean
something off with a brush 쑗 He
brushed the mud off his boots 2 to
ig-nore something because it is not very
important 쑗 So far he has managed to
brush off all the complaints about his
work.
brush up phrasal verb to learn more
about something 쑗 You’ll need to brush
up your English if you want to get a job
as a guide.
bubble
bubble / ...
year (NOTE: In American English billion
has always meant one thousand
mil-lion, but in British English it formerly
meant one million million,... service.
thing to be written in 쑗 Just fill in the blanks on the second page – age, occu- pation, etc 앳 to go blank to be unable
to...
surface and moves away again 쑗 He hit
the ball on the second bounce energy
쑗 She’s always full of bounce 쐽