IADC Drilling Manual Part 5 docx

E-10 International Association of Drilling ContractorsIADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Figure E2-1a Dimensions and Nomenclature of Master and Pin Drive Bushings... International A

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E-10 International Association of Drilling Contractors

IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition

Figure E2-1a Dimensions and Nomenclature of Master and Pin Drive Bushings

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International Association of Drilling Contractors

Chapter E: Pipe Handling Equipment

Figure E2-1b Dimensions and Nomenclature of Master and Square Drive Bushings

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Table E2-1 Master and Kelly Drive Bushing Dimensions

B Master Bushings

Dimensions for square drive master bushings and for pin drive master bushing shall be shown in Figure E2-1 andTable E2-1 (based on Section 13 API Spec 7, August 1990)

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C Pipe Slips

Pipe slips shall have a taper of 4"/ foot on diameter and other suitable dimensions to permit operation in standardmaster bushings

Figure E2-2 Drill Pipe Slips Taper

II Care And Maintenance

A Kelly Drive Bushing

There are two basic designs of kelly drive bushings single and double plane rollers

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1 In the first design, the drive rollers are in a single plane Depending on the manufacturer, the kelly bushing mayhave a split or solid body casing

a In the split body design, the roller pins are supported in the body journals and clamped by top nuts which bolt thebody halves together To replace the roller assemblies, the cover is removed and the rollers are accessible

b In a solid cast body, the roller pins are supported by replaceable sleeves To remove a roller assembly, retainingpins are removed, the roller pin taken out from the side, and the roller removed from the back

2 The second basic design of kelly drive bushings used two rollers for each driving surface on the kelly Therollers are stacked one above the other in "cages" All roller pins and bearings are part of this cage assembly thecages are removable from the bushing body The two plane roller bushing for hex kellys is adjustable for kelly andbushing wear The two plane roller bushing for square kellys is not adjustable

3 There are several aspects of maintenance of the kelly drive bushing which must concern the floor crew

a Lubrication to reduce wear is the most important aspect of maintenance As a rule, this is accomplished with agrease gun on fittings built into the bushing This can be done on each tour or on a daily basis

b On split body type bushings, it is very important to keep the top nuts tight This keeps the roller pins from

working in the body journal areas

c Certain adjustments can be made on some two plane roller bushings to compensate for normal wear In this typebushing, for a hex kelly, roller cages set on a stack of "shims" in the drive bushing body The number of shims useddetermines the position of the roller cages on mating tapers between the cages and the bushing body Each set ofshims added or removed changes the working diameter of the kelly bushing by 1/32 of an inch

d Regardless of the bushing type, it must be inspected periodically for wear Check with the manufacturer formaintenance and inspection instruction

e After inspection, certain parts may need to be replaced These parts can be removed and replaced on the rigfloor by the floor crew

See Figure E2-3 for Kelly Bushing Replacement Parts

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Figure E2-3 Kelly Bushing Replacement Parts

B Master Bushings

Much can be done to prevent cutting, gouging and bottlenecking of drill pipe by proper maintenance of masterbushings and rotary slips This will prevent unnecessary downgrading and discarding of pipe as well as minimizingwashouts and other types of downhole failures

The effects of worn rotary tables, master bushings and rotary slips can be seen in Figure E2-4

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Figure E2-5 Use of Rotary Slips on Wrong Size Pipe

Slips that are smaller than the pipe will damage the pipe and the corners of slips as well as risk dropping a string ofpipe Slips that are too large will not contact the pipe all the way around This risks dropping the pipe and destroysthe center part of the slips gripping surface

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Figure E2-6 Effect of Stopping Pipe with Slips

The downward motion of the drill pipe must be stopped with the drawworks brakes, not with the slips The ing shows the effects of stopping the motion of the pipe with slips This can occur when the floor hands are notcareful to set the slips at the proper time when the driller has stopped the pipe

draw-Do not let the slips "ride" on the pipe while the pipe is being pulled out of the hole This practice accelerates thewear on the gripping elements of the slip It also risks having the slip ejected from the master bushing bowl when atool joint comes through and causing possible injury to personnel

New or "like new" inserts carry a concentrated load and deeply penetrate the pipe Resharpened inserts carry noload Inserts which carry a concentrated load are forced into slip bodies resulting in permanent damage to slips

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Figure E2-7 Effect of Using Uneven Gripping Elements in Slip Bodies

Be careful not to catch the tool joint box in the slips when the driller slacks off This often happens when comingout of the hole and the driller does not pick up high enough for the slips to fall around the pipe properly This canruin the slips, damage the tool joint box and damage the body of the pipe

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Figure E2-8 Effect of Setting Slips on Tool Joints

Routine care and Maintenance will extend the service life of the drill pipe slips, protect the drill pipe and reduce thedanger of sticking slips Figure E2-9 indicates points of maintenance and lubrication

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4 Spare parts are readily available to repair all slips of recent manufacture Normally the inserts, dies or liners arethe parts most frequently requiring replacement Never intermix new inserts with worn or resharpened

inserts Section B4 of this manual provides additional information concerning resharpened inserts

5 To maintain fully functionable slips they must be kept clean, they must not be abused, the hinge pins must bewell lubricated and the backs, before use, are fully coated with good quality anti-seize compound

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E3 Elevators

I Drill Pipe Elevators

A Elevator Specifications

Drill pipe elevators for usc with taper shoulder and square shoulder weld-on tool joints shall have bore dimensions

as specified in Table E3-1

Table E3-1 Drill Pipe Elevator Bores

Notes on Table E3-1: Elevators with the same bores are the same elevators

* Not Manufactured

** Obsolescent connection

1 Dimension DTE from API Spec 7, Table 4.2

2 Dimension DsE from API Spec 7, Appendix H

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B Cause and Result of Wear

1 Square Shoulder Elevators

Square shoulder elevators in heavy use will wear or work harden under the repeated loads of the tool joint orcollar During drilling operations, the square shoulder of both the elevator and tool joint gradually becomes roundedand offers less supporting area If this pinning of the elevator load-bearing surface is allowed to continue un-checked long enough, the bore will be reduced by the gradual flow of metal until the elevator is difficult to closeand lock around pipe

At the same time, the worn surface of both the tool joint and the elevator may contact on a slight taper whichcould cause extreme opening forces within the elevator That this condition could exist is admittedly rare, butindifference to wear could allow it to happen, and the result would be a catastrophe Worn or damaged squareshoulder surfaces of elevators and tool joints are easily corrected by properly matching these surfaces

2 Taper-Type (Bottleneck) Elevators

A condition that is by no means rare is the dangerous wear of deg taper elevators and their counterpart, the deg tool joint As the tool joints wear due to contact with the sides of the hole and the action of the drill fluid, the18-deg taper tends to round off and, like the square shoulder joint, presents less contact area to the supportingtaper of the elevator The elevator taper, as a result, will begin to recess into the bore so that a cylindrical surface

18-of approximately the outside diameter 18-of the tool joint will form directly above the worn taper Since all tool joints

do not wear at exactly the same rate, some will be slightly larger than others As the tapered bore recesses

deepen, an occasional large joint will be forced to wedge itself down in the cylindrical surface so that the wedging

or spreading force may be that of a 2 or 3 deg angle instead of 18 deg

Such a spreading force will far exceed any safety factor that the elevator designer could reasonably use Yet, thiswear condition in its early stages is common Frequently it results in an elevator sticking to the tool joint Elevatorsthat show hammer marks around the top of the bore should be closely examined to determine whether it is theelevator, the tool joint, or if both are at fault Although the taper may appear to be true (18 deg.), the entire Icadbearing surface should be checked for variations

3 Tool Joint Rebanding

Careless rebanding and welding on tool joints can cause rapid elevator wear and produce a dangerous load tion quickly Careless rebanding refers to any banding that intrudes on the 18 deg taper of the tool joint Banding inthis area is very rough It can rapidly wear out the elevator bore and result in extremely high internal loading If theaddition of "fingers" extending down the 18 deg taper area is deemed absolutely necessary, then the weldingshould be performed as carefully as possible It is important to make certain that the 18 deg taper is maintained bykeeping these abrasive fingers flush with the taper Even then the operator must be prepared for the rapid deterio-ration of the elevator bore

situa-C Care and Inspection Procedures

Since both care and inspection procedures depend largely upon the amount of service the equipment has had, it isdifficult to project overall recommended practice The following is suggested as a starting point from which

companies may vary according to their individual needs

1 Before Each Round Trip

All elevators should be examined to determine if the latch and the latch-lock mechanism are functioning properly.Hinge pins, latch lug surfaces, and link contact surfaces should be lubricated Slip type casing and tubing elevatorsshould be checked for sharp dies and the slip segments removed for cleaning and lubrication

2 Semi-annual Check

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This examination, as outlined below, whether conducted in the field or shop, should be made using calibratedinstruments to determine any deviations from the manufacturer's technical data for original parts

a Square shoulder collar-type drill pipe, casing and standard tubing elevators: Inspect the collars for squareness,and uniformity and depth of wear Uneven wear, or worn recesses of 1/16 in or more, requires refacing of collarsurface Hinge pins and springs should be carefully inspected visually for excess wear and obvious weakness

b 18 deg taper-type elevators: inspection is the same as for square shoulder, except that the conical bore should

be observed and measured (in many instances this check should be more frequent) All tool joints used with theseelevators should also be measured Amount of wear should be checked with chart, Table E3-2

In addition to the angle of taper, hard banding should be checked to see if it extends beyond the taper Any straightedge may be used for this purpose

II Drill Collar Elevators

A Elevater Specifications

A Drill Collar elevators shall have bore dimensions that correspond to drill collar grove dimensions as specified inTable E3-2

Table E3-2 Drill Collar Groove and Elevator Bore Dimensions

*A and B dimensions are from nominal O.D of new drill collar

1' Angle C and D dimensions are reference and approximate

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Figure E3-3 Drill Collar Elevator

B Care and Maintenance

1 Effect of Wear

When the elevator shoulder on a drill collar is new it is square and has sufficient area in contact with the elevator.See Figures E3-1 and Table E3-2 for suggested dimensions on new drill collars and elevators

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Figure E3-1 Drill Collar Grooves for Elevators and Slips

As the collar is used for drilling, however, it wears as shown in Figure E3-2

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B Thoroughly clean and examine drill collar elevator for cracks with magnetic particle inspection Make certainthat elevator safety latch works easily and works every time Check top seat of elevator to be certain it is square

C Check elevator top bore as follows:

1 Center-Latch Elevator:

Latch elevator, then wedge front and back of elevator open and measure at largest part of top borestraight across between link arms This method will measure total wear in bore (of which there will bevery little), and wear on hinge pin and latch surfaces Wear should not be allowed to go above 1/32 inch on elevators for 5-5/8 inch and smaller drill collars and 1/16 inch for drill collars larger than 5-5/8 inch

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E4 - Drill Collar Slips and Safety Clamps

I Drill Collar Slips

In general, taper specifications are the same as listed for drill pipe slips Examine slips for general condition andsize range for the collars being run Look for cracks, missing cotter keys, loose liners, dull liner teeth, bent backtapers (from catching on drill collar shoulder), and bent handles

II Drill Collar Safety Clamps

Safety clamps are used on drill collars above the slips to prevent dropping the string should the slips fail to hold.Examine safety clamp for general condition Look for cracks, missing cotter keys, galled or stripped threads,rounded-off nuts or wrenches, dull teeth, broken slip springs, and slips that do not move up and down easily

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E5 Elevator Links, Block, Hook And Swivel Specifications

I Specifications

Recommended radii for various blocks, bails, links, and link ears are specified in Table E5-1 and Figure E5-1

Table E5-1 Hoisting Tool Contact Surface Radii

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Figure E5-1b Surface Radii on Elevator Link & Link Ear

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Figure E5-1c Surface Radii on Hook & Swivel Ball

These recommendations cover hoisting tools used in drilling and tubing hooks All other workover tools are cluded

ex-II Rating Change Due To Wear-links

Based on recommendations on links, it is possible to approximate downrating due to wear

Figure E5-2 indicates the rating on new links and the decrease in rating by steps as the links are worn

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Figure E5-3 Hook Strength Reduced by Link Ear Wear for Web Wilson Hooks

Also, there is considerable difference in design by various manufacturers Even though radii are recommended byAPI Spec SA, shown in Figure E5-1, the differences in design will vary the downgrading based on wear Thechange in rating due to wear by three manufacturers is shown in Figure E5-3, Figure E5-4, Figure E5-5

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Measure the depth of the link ear at the point of the greatest wear (Dim "A") The new capacity of the hook and/

or link ears is shown in corresponding chart of hook size

WEAR LIMITS

It is recommended that any hook showing wear of 1/2" be promptly repaired Wear should never exceed 3/4".When properly built up to recommended dimensions, the wear pad will prevent further loss in capacity until originalwear point is reached

The load capacity will always be that determined by the end with the of greatest wear

EXAMPLE

Measure the depth (dim "a") of the link ear at the point of most wear

For a worn 460 hook with old style ears (ser no 1-861) dim "a" measured 2-7/8"

By refering to the chart the capacity is seen to be 94% of original capacity,

WEAR LIMITS (ALL HOOKS):

Repair is recommended for 1/2'' wear; wear should not exceed 3/4"

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Chapter F: Drawworks Brakes

Chapter F

Drawworks Brakes

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F-2 International Association of Drilling Contractors

Table of Contents - Chapter F

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Figure 1-1 Brake Rims Measurements

The procedure used in Figure F-1 obtains the measured distance "M" (using a depth gage) which is used to

calculate the greatest amount of brake rim wear "W" Compare this amount of wear to the permissible amount ofwear, Wi or W2, in each manufacturer's table, included herein, to determine the appropriate action

Ultrasonic thickness instruments may also be used to accurately measure remaining brake rim thickness, which, asshown in Figure F-1, is used to figure the amount of wear "W" All drill pipe inspection companies routinely use thismethod

Dimension "L" should be measured and recorded before each brake rim is put into service

Information in the Table F-xx is not meant to be a substitute for information that is available from the drawworksmanufacturer or other suppliers

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Tables Related to Brake Rim Wear: Tables F-xx

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