IADC Drilling Manual eBook Version (V.11) Copyright © 2000, International Association of Drilling Contractors All Rights Reserved In publishing this Manual, IADC makes no warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness, or fitness for purpose of the information contained herein, or that the use of any information, method, process, or apparatus disclosed in this report may not infringe on privately owned rights. IADC assumes no liability with respect to the use of, or for damages resulting from the use of, any information, method, process, or apparatus disclosed in this report. The text of this publication, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, storage in an information retrieval system, or otherwise, without the prior, written approval of IADC. IADC Contact Information: Office Address 15810 Park Ten Place, Suite 242 Houston, TX 77084-5139 USA Mailing Address P.O. Box 4287 Houston, TX 77210-4287 USA Phone: 1/281-578-7171 Fax: 1/281-578-0589 Email: publications@iadc.org Web: www.iadc.org List Price: $595 Member Price: $495 Copyright © 2000 All Rights Reserved by International Association of Drilling Contractors The IADC Drilling Manual Published by Technical Toolboxes, Inc. 3801 Kirby Drive, Suite 340 Houston, Texas 77098 Tel: 713-630-0505 Fax: 713-630-0560 Email: info@ttoolboxes.com Web: www.ttoolboxes.com Acknowledgements The 1991 Drilling Technology Committee of IADC, chaired by W.M. “Sonny” Rogers, authorized the preparation of the eleventh edition of this manual. This edition is the eBook version of the entire eleventh edition. This version is fully searchable and has new color graphics and photographs. Jay Norton, Chairman of the Drilling Manual Subcommittee and many of the Industry’s most knowledgeable people have reviewed, rewritten, and added chapters for the benefit of the user. Their time, effort, and dedication, in spite of difficult economic times for the industry, is greatly appreciated. The Association would again like to express its appreciation to the many contributors to previous editions. Without their early interest, the manual would not have evolved to its present status. The following people served on the 1991-92 Rewrite Subcommittee and as Chairman for the Chapter rewrite task groups: John Altermann Reading and Bates Robert Bennett Millpark Drilling Fluids Bill Bingham MH Koomey Sonny Cain SWACO Jerry Cerkovnik Hughes Christiansen Otis Danielson Consultant John Gieck Baker Hughes Bill Halliday Millpard Drilling Fluids Bruce Harwell DI Industries Larry Jones Consultant Jay Norton Norton Drilling Paul O’Connor O’Connor and Young Drilling Chuck Rayburn Grasso Oil Services Chris Reinsvold Hughes Christiansen W.M. “Sonny” Rogers Tuboscope Jim Senger Security Dresser Jim Sikes Sonat Offshore Jack Smith Baker Hughes Tom Smith Tom Smith Consulting Mickey Thomas Halliburton Services Jim West PETEX Wayne Wilson Tuboscope Special Acknowledgement for the eBook version Special thanks are due to Hal Kendall of Noble Drilling Corporation for providing many of the enhanced graphics and illustrations used in this electronic version of the 11th Edition of the "IADC Drilling Manual". This Page Left Intentionally Blank 1 International Association of Drilling Contractors Table of Contents Table of Contents - IADC Drilling Manual Chapter A - Bit Classification and Grading A-1 A-1 First Revision To The IADC Fixed Cutter Dull Grading System A-7 Contributors A-7 Summary A-7 Abstract A-7 Introduction A-7 System Enhancements A-7 Application Of Dull Grading System A-9 Conclusion A-14 References A-14 Acknowledgements A-14 A2 - IADC Fixed Cutter Classification System A-16 Development Of A New IADC Fixed Cutter Drill Bit Classification System A-16 Contributors A-16 Abstract A-16 Introduction A-16 Background A-17 Proposed System A-20 Conclusions A-28 References A-28 Acknowledgements A-28 A3 - The IADC Roller Bit Classification System A-29 Summary A-29 Series And Type A-33 Characters 1 And 2 A-33 Cutting Action A-33 Tooth Count And Geometry A-34 Insert Shape Comparison A-34 Cone Design And Orientation A-34 Cutting Structure Metallurgy A-35 Bearing/Gage Design Configuration (Character 3) A-35 Features Available (Optional 4th Character) A-37 A4 - IADC Roller Bit Dull Bit Grading System A-60 Description of the IADC Roller Bit Dull Bit Grading System A-60 A4. IADC Roller Bit Dull Grading System A-60 Discussion Of Dulling Characteristics A-66 BC (Broken Cone) or BF (Bond Failure) - (Fig. A4-3) A-67 BT (Broken Teeth) - (Fig. A4-4) A-68 BU (Balled Up) - (Fig. A4-5) A-69 CC (Crocked Cone) - (Fig. A4-6) A-70 CD (Cone Dragged) - (Fig. A4-7) A-71 CI (Cone Interference) - (Fig. A4- 8) A-72 2 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition CR (Cored) - (Fig. A4-9) A-73 CT (Chipped Teeth) - (Fig. A4-10) A-74 ER (Erosion) - (Fig. A4-11) A-75 FC (Flat Crested Wear) - (Fig. A4-12) A-76 HC (Heat Checking) - (Fig. A4-13) A-77 JD (Junk Damage) - (Fig. A4-14) A-78 LC (Lost Cone) - (Fig. A4-15) A-79 LN (Lost Nozzle) - (Fig. A4-16) A-80 LT (Lost Teeth) - (Fig. A4-17) A-81 OC (Off Center Wear) - (Fig. A4-18) A-82 PB (Pinched Bit) - (Fig. A4-19) A-83 PN (Plugged Nozzle) - (Fig. A4-20) A-84 RG (Rounded Gage) - (Fig. A4-21) A-85 SD (Shirttail Damage) - (Fig. A4-22) A-86 SS (Self Sharpening Wear) - (Fig. A4-23) A-87 TR (Tracking) - (Fig. A4-24) A-87 WO (Washed Out Bit) - (Fig. A4-25) A-88 WT (Worn Teeth) (Fig. A4-26) A-89 NO (No Dull Characteristics) A-89 Chapter B - Drill String B-1 Preface B-5 B1. Drill String B-6 Introduction B-6 I. Weld-on Tool Joints B-6 B2. Steel Drill Pipe B-45 B3. Tool Joints Care And Handling B-54 I. Cleaning and Inspection B-54 II. Picking Up the Drill String B-55 III. Thread Compounds B-58 IV. Breaking In New Tool Joints B-58 V. Tripping B-59 VI. Laying Down Drill String B-67 VII. Damage and Failures Cause Prevention B-69 VIII. Repair of Tool Joints B-87 IX. Emergency Procedures B-93 X. Transportation B-94 XI. Storage B-95 XII. Floor Handling Procedures B-96 B4. Drill String Operating Limits B-104 I. Fatigue and Lateral Forces caused by Dog Legs and Floating Vessels B-104 II. Fatigue Caused by Other Factors B-115 III. Critical Rotary Speed B-120 IV. Collapsed Pipe From Drill Stem Test and BOP Test B-120 V. Transition from Drill String to Drill Collars B-121 VI. Maximum Allowable Pull and Rotary Torque B-121 3 International Association of Drilling Contractors Table of Contents VII. Make up Torque versus Drilling Torque B-123 IX. Dynamic Loading of Drill Pipe during Tripping B-125 X. Biaxial Loading of Drill Pipe B-125 XI. Drill String Design B-126 XII. References B-126 B5. Drill String Corrosion B-127 I. Introduction B-127 Il. Corrosion B-127 III. Sulfide Stress Cracking B-132 IV. Drilling Fluids Containing Oil B-135 B6. Drill String Inspection And Classification B-136 I. Purpose B-136 II. Drill String Marking and Identification B-136 III. Drill Pipe And Tubing Work Strings B-136 IV. Tool Joints B-144 B7. Aluminum Drill String B-148 Introduction B-148 II. Installation and Removal of Tool Joints B-148 III. Aluminum Drill Pipe B-148 IV. Drill String Care and Handling B-150 V. Drill String Maintenance B-151 VI. Drill String Operating Limits B-151 B-8 Glossary Of Drill String Terms B-154 Chapter C - Casing and Tubing C-1 I. Care And Use Of Casing C-4 Introduction C-4 I. Transportation C-4 II. Preparation And Inspection Before Running C-4 III. Rig Equipment C-4 IV. Pre-running Preparations C-5 V. Running Casing C-6 VI. Causes Of Casing Troubles C-16 VII. Recovery Of Casing C-19 VIII. Reconditioning C-20 IX. Field Welding Of Attachments On Casing C-20 II. Care And Use Of Tubing C-24 Introduction C-24 I. Transportation C-24 II. Preparation And Inspection Before Running C-24 III. Rig Equipment C-24 IV. Pre-running Preparations C-25 V. Running C-26 VI. Pulling Tubing C-36 VII. Causes Of Tubing Troubles C-37 VIII Reconditioning C-37 4 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Chapter D - Drill Collars, Kellys, Subs and Heavy Weight Drill Pipe D-1 Preface D-3 D1. Drill Collars: Specifications & Usage D-4 I. Specifications D-4 D2. Drill Collars: Care And Maintenance D-36 I. Recommended Drill Collar Care And Maintenance D-36 D3. Kellys: Specifications D-59 I. Specifications D-59 D4. Kellys: Care And Maintenance D-66 I. Care And Maintenance D-66 D5. Drill Stem Subs: Specifications D-71 I. Class And Type D-71 II. Dimensions For Type A & B Subs D-77 III. Dimensions For Type C (Swivel) Subs D-79 IV. Mechanical Properties Of Drill Stem Subs D-79 V. Kelly Saver Subs D-80 D6. Kelly Valves: Specifications D-81 I. Upper Kelly Cocks D-81 II. Lower Kelly Cocks D-85 III. Automatic Mud Saver Valves D-87 IV. Kelly Saver Subs D-87 D-7 Specifications Of Heavy Weight Drill Pipe D-88 Care and Maintenance of HWDP D-89 D8 - Glossary of Drill String Terms D-90 Chapter E - Pipe Handling Equiptment E-1 E1. Pipe Handling Equipment E-4 Introduction E-4 I. Specifications E-4 E2. Bushings And Slips E-9 I. Specifications E-9 II. Care And Maintenance E-13 E3. Elevators E-23 I. Drill Pipe Elevators E-23 II. Drill Collar Elevators E-25 E4 - Drill Collar Slips and Safety Clamps E-30 I. Drill Collar Slips E-30 II. Drill Collar Safety Clamps E-30 E5. Elevator Links, Block, Hook And Swivel Specifications E-31 Chapter F - Drawworks Brakes F-1 Introduction F-3 I. Maintenance Procedures F-4 II. Brake Linings (Blocks) F-5 5 International Association of Drilling Contractors Table of Contents III. Brake Bands F-5 IV. Brake Rims (Flanges) F-6 V. Brake Linkage F-20 VI. Company Policy F-20 Chapter G - Chains and Sprockets G-1 G1. Construction and Specifications G-4 I. Roller Chain Construction And Types G-4 II. Sprockets. G-16 G2. Installation, Lubrication And Maintenance G-22 I. Installation G-22 II. Lubrication G-25 III Maintenance G-36 Roller Chain Drive Troubleshooting Guide G-41 Chapter H - Rotary Hose and Swivels H-1 H1. Rotary Hose Specifications H-4 I. Introduction H-4 II. Specifications H-4 H2. Rotary Hose Care And Maintenance H-9 I. Recommended Dimensions H-9 II. Care And Maintenance H-10 H3. Swivels Specifications H-12 I. Swivel Pressure Testing H-12 II. Swivel Gooseneck Connection H-12 III. Swivel Subs H-13 H4. Inspection H-14 I. Inspection H-14 Chapter I - Engines I-1 I. Engines - Care And Maintenance I-4 I. Installation I-4 II. Maintenance I-9 III. Operating Troubles And Their Causes - Diesel Engines I-14 IV. Intake Vacuum vs Load I-18 Chapter J - Pumps J-1 J-1 Introduction - Pumps J-4 J-2 Surface and Mud System J-13 I. Suction Mud System J-13 II. Discharge System J-17 III. Drilling Fluids And Their Effect On Expendable Pump Parts J-18 J-3 Pump Parts, Theory and Function J-23 I. Pistons J-23 II. Duplex Piston Rods J-25 III. Rod Lubricants J-27 IV. Liner Packing J-28 6 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition J-4 Removal and Installation of Fluid Ends J-32 I. General - Removal and Installation of Fluid Ends J-32 II. Duplex Pump Disassembly J-32 III. Duplex Pump-assembly J-37 IV. Duplex Pump Piston Assembly J-46 V. Single Acting Pump Disassembly J-54 VI. Single Acting Pump Assembly J-56 VII. Single Acting Piston Assembly J-57 IX. Valve and Seat J-64 J-5 Pump Problems, Failures and Analysis J-74 I. Priming and Starting Instructions J-74 II. Pistons and Liners J-74 III. Fluid End Piston Rod and Packing J-77 IV. Valves and Seats J-78 V. Reducing Pump Volume J-79 VI. Centrifugal Pump Care and Maintenance J-80 VII. Checklists J-82 J6. Power End Maintenance J-84 I. Pump Storage J-90 J7. Preventive Maintenance J-91 I. Planned Preventative Maintenance J-91 II. Establishing a Preventative Maintenance Program J-92 III. Advantages of programming: J-94 Chapter K - Well Control Equipment and Procedures K-1 Disclaimer and Credits K-3 K-1 Blowout Preventer Stack Equipment K-5 I. Annular Type Blowout Preventer K-5 II. Ram Type Blowout Preventer K-6 III. Typical Bop Stack Arrangement And Testing Procedures For A Surface Stack K-11 IV. Inside Blowout Preventers K-36 V. Choke Manifold K-43 VI. Diverter Systems K-46 K2. Blowout Preventer Control Systems K-54 A. Surface Bop Stacks, (Land Rigs, Offshore Jackups, And Platforms) K-54 B. Subsea Bop Stacks K-61 C. Remote Operated Choke Controls K-71 D. Diverter Control Systems K-73 E. Control Systems Typical Capacity And Performance Data / Calculations K-77 K3. Well Control Procedures K-92 Basic Principles K-92 II. Pre-kill Procedures K-93 III. Formation Pressure Integrity Information K-96 IV. Kill Techniques K-99 K-4 Glossary of Well Control Terms K-108 [...]... Nomenclature and Terminology R -13 7 R -13 -10 Pipe Flow Equations R -13 8 R -13 -11 Annular Flow Equations R -13 8 R -13 -12 Bit Hydraulic Calculations R -13 9 R -13 -13 Chip Rate Calculations R -14 0 R -13 -14 Completed Work Sheet R -14 1 R -13 -15 Blank Work Sheet R -14 2 Chapter T - Cementing T -1 T1 Cementing T-4 I Introduction... Z -13 IADC Glossary - G Z -15 IADC Glossary - H Z -17 IADC Glossary - I Z -18 IADC Glossary - J Z -19 IADC Glossary - K Z-20 IADC Glossary - L Z-20 IADC Glossary - M Z- 21 IADC Glossary - N Z-23 IADC Glossary - O Z-23 IADC Glossary - P Z-24 IADC Glossary... Applications M -10 5 M-8 Appendix - Ton Mile Formulas M -10 9 1 Round-Trip Operations: M -10 9 2 Drilling Operations: M -10 9 3 Coring Operations: M -11 0 4 Setting Casing Operations: M -11 1 5 Short Trip Operations: M -11 1 Chapter N - Lubrication N -1 N1 Lubrication N-4 I Conditions N-4 IIA... for Drilling Fluid Classification O-33 II Drilling Fluid Systems O-33 III Fluid Additive Functions O-34 8 International Association of Drilling Contractors IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition D Drilling Fluid Property Equations R -13 3 R -13 -8 Nomenclature for Equations - Smith Int R -13 4 R -13 -9 Nomenclature and Terminology R -13 7... Y- 61 A Solids Control System Layout Considerations Y- 61 B Centrifugal Pump Selection and Piping Design Y-70 C Mud Troughs After the Shale Shakers Y-88 Chapter Z - Glossary Z -1 IADC Glossary - A Z-3 IADC Glossary - B Z-4 IADC Glossary - C Z-7 IADC Glossary - D Z -10 IADC Glossary - E Z -13 IADC. .. N -14 N3 Lubrication Practices N -15 I Introduction N -15 II General Hints On Lubrication N -15 III Cooling System N -15 IV Record Keeping N -16 V Storage And Handling Of Lubricants N -18 N4 Cold Weather Conditions N -19 1 Introduction N -19 II Rig Enclosures N -19 III Engines... Z-26 IADC Glossary - R Z-26 IADC Glossary - S Z-30 IADC Glossary - T Z-34 IADC Glossary - U Z-36 IADC Glossary - V Z-36 IADC Glossary - W Z-36 IADC Glossary - X Z-38 IADC Glossary - Y Z-38 IADC Glossary - Z Z-38 12 International Association of Drilling Contractors... Conclusion A -14 References A -14 Acknowledgements A -14 A2 - IADC Fixed Cutter Classification System A -16 Development Of A New IADC Fixed Cutter Drill Bit Classification System A -16 Contributors A -16 Abstract A -16 Introduction A -16 Background A -17 Proposed System ... characteristics are listed in the table shown in Figure A1-1d The designations "RR" and "NR" have been included as options for noting whether the bit is rerunnable or not Examples of dull characteristics are shown in Figure A1-2 Reason Pulled: Space 8 See Figure A1-1f International Association of Drilling Contractors A -13 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition Figure A2 -1 Code Discrepancy for Principle Cutting Element... Y-5 C Equipment Arrangement Y-9 II Solids Control Equipment Y -11 A Shale Shakers Y -11 B Degassers Y-26 C Hydrocyclones Y-30 D Mud Cleaners Y-39 International Association of Drilling Contractors 11 IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition E Centrifuges Y-50 III Surface Circulating Equipment . R -13 8 R -13 -11 . Annular Flow Equations R -13 8 R -13 -12 . Bit Hydraulic Calculations R -13 9 R -13 -13 . Chip Rate Calculations R -14 0 R -13 -14 . Completed Work Sheet R -14 1 R -13 -15 . Blank Work Sheet R -14 2 Chapter. Z-3 IADC Glossary - B Z-4 IADC Glossary - C Z-7 IADC Glossary - D Z -10 IADC Glossary - E Z -13 IADC Glossary - F Z -13 IADC Glossary - G Z -15 IADC Glossary - H Z -17 IADC Glossary - I Z -18 IADC. Applications M -10 5 M-8 Appendix - Ton Mile Formulas M -10 9 1. Round-Trip Operations: M -10 9 2. Drilling Operations: M -10 9 3. Coring Operations: M -11 0 4. Setting Casing Operations: M -11 1 5. Short Trip