IADC Drilling Manual Part 6 pot

Chapter H: Rotary Hose & SwivelTable H1-1a Rotary Drilling and Vibrator Hose - Working Pressure Additional lengths of vibrator hose and drilling hose may be ordered in five foot incremen

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Chapter H: Rotary Hose & Swivel

Table H1-1a Rotary Drilling and Vibrator Hose - Working Pressure

Additional lengths of vibrator hose and drilling hose may be ordered in five foot increments

B Connections

Rotary hose assemblies shall be furnished with external connections threaded with line-pipe threads as specified inAPI Spec 5B

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IADC Drilling Manual - Eleventh Edition

C Test Pressure

Each hose assembly will be individually tested by the manufacturer Test pressure is specified in Table H1-1b

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Figure H1-1 Rotary Drilling and Vibrator Hose

Notes for Figure H1-1: F - For Rotary Hose, this dimension shall be 6 inches to 18 inches from the inboard end ofthe coupling

F - For Vibrator Hose, this dimension shall be 6 inches to 10 inches from the inboard end of the coupling

*NOTE: Hose manufacturers shall mark the hose with the notation "Attach Safety Clamp Here "

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H2 Rotary Hose Care And Maintenance

I Recommended Dimensions

A Hose Length

In order to avoid kinking of hose, the length of hose and height of standpipe should be such that while raising orlowering, as in making mousehole connections, the hose will have a normal bending radius at the swivel when thehose is in its lowest drilling position and at the standpipe when the hose is in its highest drilling position The recom-mended length of hose is given by the following equation, see Figure H2-1

Figure H2-1 Layout for Rotary Hose

Lh = Lt/2 + nR + S

Wherein:

Lh = length of hose, in feet

Lt = length of hose travel, in feet

R = minimum radius of bending of hose, in feet,

= 3 ft for 2 inch hose

= 4 ft for 2-1/2 and 3 inch hose

= 4-1/2 ft for 3-1/2 inch hose

S = allowance for contraction in Lh due to maximum recommended working pressure, in feet, which is 1

ft for all sizes of hose

B Standpipe Height

The recommended standpipe height is given by the following equation, see Figure H2-1

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Hs = Lt/2 + Z

Wherein:

Hs = vertical height of standpipe, in feet

Lt = length of hose travel, in feet

Z = height, in feet, from the top of the derrick floor to the end of hose at the swivel when the swivel is inits lowest drilling position

When the actual length of hose is greater than the length calculated as above, the standpipe height should beincreased by one-half the difference between the actual length and the calculated length

II Care And Maintenance

A Handling

To minimize the danger of kinking, the hose should be removed from its crate by hand, laid out in a straight line,then liked by means of a catline attached near one end of the hose If a catline is used to remove the hose from itscrate, the crate should be rotated as the hose is removed The use of a carrier to protect the hose in moving to anew location is a recommended practice It is considered bad practice to handle hose with a winch, to hang thehose from a truck gin pole, or to place heavy pieces of equipment on the hose

B Twisting

Hose should not be intentionally back twisted Twisting is sometimes employed to force the swivel bail out of theway This places injurious stresses on the structural members of the hose body, because one spiral of reinforcingwires is opened and the other is tightened, thus reducing the resistance of the hose to bursting and kinking In order

to prevent twisting, it is suggested that a straight swivel be installed on one end of the hose Each length of hosehas a longitudinal lay line of a different color than the hose cover This should be used as a guide in making certainthe hose is installed in a straight position

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E Vibration and Pulsation

Continual flexing is injurious to drilling hose and reduces its service life Pulsation dampeners should be installed inthe mud pump discharge line and suction stabilizers installed in the mud pump inlet line to reduce the magnitude ofthe pressure surges Pre-charge pressures for the dampeners and stabilizers will be stated by the manufacturers

F Working Temperature

Working temperature should not exceed 180

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The angle between the gooseneck centerline and vertical shall be 15 degrees (Figure H3-1)

Figure H3-1 Swivel Connection

The size of swivel gooseneck connections shah be 2, 2-1/2, 3, 3-1/2, 4, or 5 inch nominal line pipe size as specified

on the purchase order

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III Swivel Subs

A Dimensions

Swivel subs shah conform to the outside diameter, bore, and bevel diameter requirements for the upper kellyconnections as specified in API Spec 7

B Swivel Sub Connection

The lower connection of rotary swivels shah accept API gages and be interchangeable with API connections Theconnection shall conform to the applicable requirements including gaging and marking as specified in API Spec 7

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3) The quarterly inspection is the same as the monthly inspection this inspection is recorded on a log sheet andretained for future reference

B Disassembly Inspection

1) Equipment should be taken to a suitably equipped facility and all parts checked for excessive wear, cracks,flaws, etc Visual and non-destructive (NDT) techniques are used Where, in the opinion of the user, excessivewear is noted, it is recommended that the matter be discussed with the manufacturer

2) The equipment should be disassembled as much as necessary to permit NDT inspection of all load bearingparts

3) All parts must be cleaned, by a suitable method, of all dirt, paint, grease, oil, scale, etc., before inspection.4) The inspection is to be made by only technically competent personnel

5) Minor cracks or defects, which may be removed without reducing safety or the operational rating of the

equipment, can be so removed by grinding or filing (preferably in consultation with manufacturer)

6) Following removal of the defect, the part should again be inspected by an appropriate NDT method to insurethat the defect has been completely removed

7) For other than minor defects or cracks, refer to REPAIRS which follows

2) If the tool or part is defective beyond repair, it should be destroyed immediately upon so determining

3) Field welding should not be done on any hoisting tools, because without full knowledge of the design criteria, thematerials used and the proper control when welding (stress relieving, normalizing, tempering, etc.), it is possible toreduce the strength of the tool sufficiently to make its continued use dangerous

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In addition to the daily and quarterly GENERAL INSPECTIONS, the rotary tool joint connections in the drillstring, above the rotary table, must be independently inspected for integrity or indications of possible failure

D Frequency of Inspection

It is the responsibility of the owner/operator to dictate the frequency of these inspections In this matter, it issuggested that reference be made to records of previous inspections, if deterioration is progressing it may benecessary to make inspections at a rate of more than normal frequency Consideration should be given to drillingconditions, loading of the drill string, tensioning when hoisting underreamers, pulling the kelly with junk in the hole,bit stuck on bottom, etc

As a minimum these inspections should be made prior to drilling to any of the deeper formations or after drillingapproximately 50,000 feet in shallow areas

These connections should also be inspected every time the drill pipe is inspected

E Inspection Methods

Normally the inspections are made by specialty companies having the proper equipment, gauges and trainedpersonnel Any of the present methods; ultrasonic frequencies, magnetic particle or other electromagnetic tech-niques, if they are approved by the owner/operator or the contractor, should be satisfactory

In the absence of the specialty companies, the swivel body (stem) tool joint box, the pin-and-pin swivel sub andother rotary tool joint connections above the rotary may be inspected by using a liquid penetrant The cleaner, thepenetrant and the developer can be obtained for spray application or for an immersion method of testing TheAmerican Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) outlines in their publication E165-75, an immersion methodfor this testing Some training may be required for the proper interpretation of liquid penetrant inspections

F Inspection Procedures

When inspections are made by specialty companies they will outline the inspection procedures

When inspections are made with liquid penetrant, follow the instructions prescribed by the manufacturer of thepenetrant or ASTM specification

The cleaning of the area to be inspected will be an important factor in obtaining satisfactory results from liquidpenetrant testing It is not easy to clean the bore of the swivel body (stem) especially on smaller swivels, but it has

to be done A slow speed electric drill with a wire buffer wheel on a shaft extension can aid in this internal ing Mechanic's mirrors or a bore-scope may be needed to check the cleaning and inspect the testing area

clean-Always use approved thread gauges to check each box and pin before making-up any of these rotary tool joints.Remember, all standard tool joints above the rotary have left hand threads

Obtain a written report of all test results and make the report a part of your permanent records

G Possible Causes of Tool Joint Failures

* Failure to inspect and gauge the tool joints

* Infrequent inspections and gauging

* Improper interpretation of test results

* Worn thread gauges

* Damaged box or pin prior to make-up

* Box and pin not squarely shouldered

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* Galled tool joint threads

* Crooked kellys

* Loose connection (not fully torqued)

* Fluid cut connections

* Drilling with rotary table tilted

* Strain on drill string exceeding yield strength of pipe or tool joints

CAUTION: Any leak or wash-out, no matter how small, must be investigated immediately upon detection pend operations at once and replace or renew the affected tool joint sub, connection, etc Refer to INSPECTIONand INSPECTION PROCEDURES before considering any repairs in this area

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Sus-Chapter H: Rotary Hose & Swivel

Figure H4-1a Inspection of Rotary Swivel - External

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Figure H4-1b Inspection of Rotary Swivel - Internal

Inspection Guide: 1) Check for Wear, 2) Check for Cracks, 3) Check for Wear and Cracks, 4) Refer to sembly Inspection"

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"Disas-Chapter H: Rotary Hose & Swivel

This Page Left Intentionally Blank

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Chapter I: Engines - Care and Maintenance

Chapter I

Engines

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Table of Contents - Chapter I

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Chapter I

Engines - Care and Maintenance

The IADC Drilling Manual is a series of reference guides for use in field operations covering a variety of subjectsrelated to drilling operations

The contents of this (these) volume (s) are assembled by a wide range of members of the drilling industry ested in providing information to field personnel to encourage proper operations, maintenance and repair of equip-ment and training and safety of personnel

inter-It is not intended that the contents of this manual replace or take precedence over manufacturer's, operators orindividual drilling company recommendations, policies and/or procedures In those areas where local, state andfederal law is in conflict with the contents then it is deemed appropriate to adhere to suer laws IADC has endeav-ored to insure the accuracy and reliability of this data, however, we make no warranties or guarantees in connec-tion with these recommendations

As technology continues to develop this manual will be updated It is important that the user continue to updatetheir knowledge through research and study

The contents of this chapter were updated under the direction of Mr Paul O'Conner of O'Conner & Young

Drilling Company

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Figure I1-1A Parallel Misalignment

FIGURE I1-1A: Parallel (or bore) misalignment occurs when the centerlines of the driven equipment and theengine(s) are parallel but not in the same plane as shown above

Extreme caution must be exercised to prevent thrust loading of the engine crankshaft

This, and misalignment can result in severe damage to the engine

Most flexible couplings will tolerate only a minimum of misalignment

Refer to the manufacturer's specifications for maximum limits

Figure I1-1B Face Runout

FIGURE I1-1B: Face runout refers to the distance the face of the hub is out of perpendicular to the shaft

centerline as shown above

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Figure I1-1C Face Alignment

FIGURE I1-1C: Angular or face alignment occurs when the centerlines of driven equipment and the engine(s) arenot parallel as shown above

Figure I1-1D Bore Runout

FIGURE Il-ID: Bore runout refers to the distance the driving bore of a hub is out of parallel with the centerline as shown above

shaft-5 Sheaves, Bearings and Clutch Shafts.

Drive pulleys should be mounted as close to the engine as possible This places the load near the clutch mainbearing and tends to reduce the overhang load on the bearings

Caution should be exercised in installing excessively large-diameter or heavy drive pulleys

Heavy tools or excessive force should not be used to drive sheaves or similar equipment on the clutch shafts.Such procedure can damage bearings and cause difficulty in the removal of sheaves

The recommendations of the manufacturer for such installation should be carefully followed

Taper bushing type is best

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Exhaust piping should be independently supported to prevent damage to the engine

Care should be exercised to prevent welding slag or any foreign material from entering the engine during tion

installa-Do not connect exhaust from several engines to a common header

All exhaust systems should be protected against water entry and a suitable trap and drain provided to preventcondensate from returning to the engine

7 Protection Against Weather.

Proper protection against weather should be provided during storage or installation

For storage longer than a few days, use the protection materials and methods recommended by the engine facturer

manu-Engines should not be stored with the cooling system in a dry condition as this promotes rust and deterioration ofseals

The cooling system should be flushed, filled, circulated and stored with a sufficient solution of clean water, freeze, and rust inhibitor

anti-8 Engine Cooling System.

Only clean water, soft or treated, should be used in the engine cooling system

Do not use distilled or chemically softened water Add corrosion inhibitors every 250 hours (1 month) of operation.Permanent antifreeze contains a rust inhibitor which deteriorates in a short period of time and must be replaced atregular intervals

Some antifreezes have no rust inhibitor Provide and mark suitable system drains

Unless antifreeze is to be used, drain complete system including air intercoolers and intercooler circulating lines incold weather

All water system piping should comply with engine builder's size recommendations

The top tank of the radiator, or the expansion tank when using heat exchangers, should always be the highest point

in the system and always higher than the cylinder heads with no high point air traps

9 Cooling Air.

Engines should be oriented to take advantage of prevailing winds

Suction or blower fans should be used as best suited to conditions

When engines are installed inside buildings, sufficient openings should be provided for the intake and exhaust ofcooling air

Any danger of recirculating the cooling air should be eliminated by the use of ducts

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Where thermally actuated cooling water control valves are used, the capillary tubing should be as short as practical

in order to prevent interference from outside temperature sources

Exhaust stacks, crankcase breathers, and other sources of oily vapors should be vented to prevent build-up onradiator cores and the contamination of dry-type air cleaners

10 Fuel System.

When installing fuel piping, all foreign material should be removed from lines before they are connected to theengine

Lines of adequate size should be installed and adherence to safety codes should be observed

Adequate strainers and liquid traps should be provided in the fuel system

Day tanks are recommended for diesel engines It is desirable to include a section of flexible tubing for vibrationisolation

Non-restricting shut-off valves should be provided in the fuel lines immediately adjacent to the engine

Gas regulators, their orifices and springs should comply with the engine builder's recommendations

11 Battery Starting Systems.

The battery should be installed in a clean, cool, ventilated, accessible, and vibration-free location, which is as close

to the starting motor as practicable

Before installation, the battery should be checked for correct polarity Cable size must be adequate to preventexcess voltage drop

12 Air and Gas Starters.

Gas starters must have sealed pinions so that gas cannot enter engine flywheel housing

Where gas starters are used, exhaust gas should be piped a safe distance from the engine Air starters should have

14 Transporting, Loading and Unloading.

Engines can suffer twisted frames or other harm from careless handling

During loading and unloading operations, adequate tools for skidding, or non-crushing slings should be used toprevent such damage

Lifting by winch lines hooked around the engines is not recommended

Lifting eyes on engines and generators are for installation only and should not be used to lift a complete package.Jacking or pushing against the vibration damper or flywheel can cause severe damage

Always check runout after moving engine to new location Do not use steel bands, load binding straps or chainsacross the engine crankshaft or pto shaft when hauling engines

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Do not put a water hose in the radiator and let it overflow as this will destroy your radiator cores

Do not remove thermostats from your engines as this will cause further overheating

Radiator caps on pressurized cooling systems should be removed only when the engine is at low idle or stoppedand then only when the engine is at low idle or stopped and then only with extreme caution

Always keep the radiator cap installed on a pressurized system and be certain it is holding pressure

On aircooled engines, the flywheel air screen and air intake stack should be checked, and any foreign materialremoved

If flywheel air screen or intake stack is very dirty, the fins on heads and cylinder blocks should be inspected andcleaned, if necessary

If cylinder block fins are rusty, they should be thoroughly cleaned with a wire brush

d Air Cleaners.

Air cleaners and breather opening should be checked and cleaned as required according to the design and tion of the cleaner

condi-Oil bath air cleaners should never be run without oil

When cleaning dry type should be taken not to damage the sealing surface or to knock or blow a hole in theelement

In extremely dusty conditions air cleaners may need to be serviced several times a shift

Stopped-up air cleaners are a major cause of turbocharger failures

Precleaners and two-stage air cleaners are available and should be considered if extremely dusty conditionsprevail

e Fuel Supply System.

The fuel-supply system should be checked by draining the sump traps and strainers

Water (condensation) should be drained from all diesel tanks

Excessive amounts of water should be recorded and reported to rig manager

Buy clean fuel and keep it clean

f Leaks or Damage.

A visual inspection should be made of all water, fuel, lubricant lines, fittings, and valves for indications of leaks ordamage

Report and repair any broken or loose mounting bolts, any indication of misalignment or physical damage

g Malfunctioning or Needed Repair.

Any malfunction or repair needed should be reported

Always furnish model, serial number and specification number

2 Weekly Inspection.

The following weekly inspection of engines should be made by a qualified engine operator, who should also recordeach inspection performed

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a Daily Inspection Items.

All of the daily inspection items as given previously should also be performed in the weekly inspection

b Cleaning.

If necessary, the engine exterior should be thoroughly cleaned with a non-toxic, non-explosive solvent (not line)

gaso-Compressed air or hot water should be used for flushing and drying

Care should be taken to not wash or blow dirt into inaccessible locations behind filler openings or into ignition orinjection equipment; or on air-cooled engine, into the fins on heads and cylinder blocks

Always dry and relubricate governor and control linkage joints after cleaning

c Water Pump.

Water-pump seals should be inspected and packing on packed-type pumps should be tightened or replaced, ifnecessary

d Fan Belts.

Fan belts should be checked for proper tension and tightened or loosened, if needed Do not over-tighten

e Lubrication of Generator and Accessories.

Check your manufacturer's lubrication guide for proper lubrication of all accessories If you do not have one, askfor help

Many accessories need special lubrication or have hidden or unapparent lubrication points

The oil level on hydraulic governors should be checked and proper oil added if needed

f Power Take Off Clutch.

The power take off clutch should be lubricated and, if required, adjusted according to the instructions of the

manufacturer Do not over-lubricate

Change oil on those elements requiring re-oiling Follow instructions carefully on dry type element service

i Diesel Fuel Filters.

Diesel fuel system strainers should be cleaned and filers replaced as scheduled, by the engine builders

3 Monthly Inspection.

The following monthly inspection should be performed by an expert mechanic who should also record each

inspection performed

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a Daily and Weekly Inspection Items.

All of the daily and weekly inspection items as given previously should also be performed in the monthly inspection

b Ignition System.

On spark ignition engines the following ignition devices, depending upon the type used, should be checked:

a) magneto point condition, clearances and timing;

b) the impulse function;

c) the spark-plug gap and heat range; and

d) the distributor condition with respect to the automatic advance mechanism

c Valves.

The external appearance of the valve mechanism should be checked, as well as the condition of the valve rockers,push-rod ends, and valve stems

All valve clearances should be set according to the instructions of the engine manufacturer

Valve timing should be checked if an adjustable timing device is provided

The compression on all cylinders should be measured, if the engine lacks power or if the condition of valves andrings is questionable

The functioning of the compression-release device should be checked on diesel engines, if it is used

Engines using hydraulic valve lifters should be checked for sounds of lifter malfunction and the manufacturersinspection procedure followed

d Starting Equipment.

The starting equipment should be carefully tested and inspected

Starting engines should be checked for lubrication and general condition; special attention being given to themounting bolts, bendix-drive lubrication, engagement linkage, pinion-gear teeth mesh and adjustment, fuel-tankstrainer

Manufacturer's recommendations for specific makes and types of engines should be observed

Add the recommended lubricant to air starter lubricant reservoirs and clean air traps of dirt

If electric starters are used, the system should be checked for loose connections, worn wires, or make-shift

repairs

e Engine Mounts.

Engine mounts should be inspected and tightened, if required

A check should be made for signs of engine shifting, misalignment, loosening of coupling or sheave, or improperloading

Any shifting should be corrected and all points of alignment rechecked

f Cooling Fan.

The cooling fan should be examined for evidence of physical damage or cracking in the hub or spider area

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If the fan-hub bearings require lubrication by disassembly and packing or by installation of a special grease fitting,this operation should be performed

g Safety Shields.

All fan belt and shaft safety shields should be repaired and reinstalled

h Rocker Covers and Inspection Doors.

New Gaskets should be used on all rocker covers and inspection doors, if removed

i Season Check of Cooling System.

Particularly at the changes of the season and when starting to use or remove antifreeze, the cooling system should

be flushed thoroughly

The thermostats should also be removed and tested for correct functioning

Evidence of scale, sludge, or rust deposits in the cooling system warrants further investigation, and a special

cleaning of oil coolers and heat exchangers may be necessary

The proper mix of antifreeze and water is very important A 50/50 mixture is considered the best except in tremely cold climates

ex-Never run pure antifreeze in a cooling system

Rust inhibitor recommended by the manufacturer should be used at all times and the required additional amountsadded every month or 250 hours operating time

lnhibitors recommended by the manufacturer should be used Soluble oil can damage O-rings

j Crankcase.

Inspection plates should be removed, if the crankcase is so equipped, and a check made for sludge in the case

crank-The oil pump screen should be checked, and cleaned if necessary

k Safety Devices, Generator, and Battery.

A check should be made of safety devices

Check the actual function of "over temperature", low oil pressure, and overspeed shutdowns

If the engines are equipped with backfire valves or crankcase explosion relief valves, these should be checked forcondition and evidence of damage

l Vibration Damper.

Inspect the vibration damper for damage, runout, signs of deterioration of loss of viscous material, or looseness

m Turbocharger.

Inspect turbocharger compressor impeller for accumulations of dirt, dust, and oil

Clean according to manufacturer's recommendations

If slack in the bearing or signs of the compressor impeller touching the housing is found, this should be correctedimmediately

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Note: The foregoing items may be checked by loosening the line-coupling nuts a few tums at each nozzle andcranking engine A substantial flow of fuel should occur at each injection impulse If no fuel appears and an equateflow of fuel is known to have reached the plungers, either the plungers or delivery valves may be stuck as a result

of poor fuel, improper storage, or inadequate lubrication

c Poor nozzle spray pattern or gummed or corroded nozzles

d Faulty injection timing

e Glow plugs too cold

f Battery voltage low

(A fully charged 12-volt heavy-duty battery at normal temperatures will show 10.5 volts while cranking.)

h Poor compression

(Check each cylinder)

i Liquid lock between piston crown and cylinder head due to flushing oil from storage, leaking head gasket, orleaking injector

j Low cranking speed duc to weak batteries, poor starter condition, or thick, cold oil

2 Engine Stops Running.

If the diesel engine suddenly stops running, the following possible causes of trouble should be checked in an effort

to locate the difficulty

a Lack of fuel

b Fuel lines obstructed or broken

c Automatic low oil-pressure or high water-temperature safety control may have operated

d Excessive overload or improper governor adjustment may cause the engine to stall

e Plugged fuel-tank vent

f Damaged transfer or injection pump drive

3 Low Power.

If the diesel engine has low power and runs unevenly, the following possible causes of trouble should be checked in

an effort to locate the difficulty

a Inadequate supply to fuel to pump

b Fuel-tank vent partially plugged

c Faulty timing

d Delivery valves not operating properly

e Dirty or damaged injection plunger

f Leaking fuel lines or air in lines

g Damaged or excessive clearance in blowers

h Overflow valve or injector drain line feeding back into primary pump inlet

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i Dirty or clogged nozzles

j Air cleaner or manifold obstructed

k Low or uneven compression

1 Broken valve spring

2 Sticking valves

3 Badly worn rocker arms

4 Sticking cam followers

5 Bent throttle control linkage

6 Binding of injector-rack control tube or injector racks

l Fuel oil not to specification

m Improper exhaust line

n Leaking turbocharger air connections

o Dirty or damaged turbocharger

p Improper intercooler operation

4 Surging or Irregular Speed.

If the diesel engine develops a surge or irregular speed, the following possible causes of trouble should be checked

in an effort to locate the difficulty

a Governor needs lubrication

b Improper grade of governor oil (hydraulic governors)

c Governor improperly adjusted

d Injection pump

1 Lack of lubrication

2 Insufficient fuel supply for primary system

3 Irregular operation of automatic bleeder valve; air entrapment in pump and lines, valves, or nozzles

4 Inaccurate pump timing

e Slipping clutch or belt drive; wide variation in loads of poor regulation on electrical equipment

f Dirty or damaged turbocharger system

5 Overheating.

If the diesel engine overheats, the following possible causes of trouble should be checked in an effort to locate thedifficulty

a Excessive exhaust back pressure

1 Restricted muffler or loose baffles in muffler

b Cooling system

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1 Insufficient coolant

2 Radiator frozen or clogged (tubes and tanks)

3 Radiator core dirty (external)

4 Water hose clogged

5 Slipping fan belt

6 Thermostat stuck

7 Cooling system inadequate

8 Improper air recirculation

9 Aeration of water from leaking gaskets or pump

10 Defective water pump

11 Excessive back pressure on external cooling system

12 Air shroud, air stack, cylinder-head fins or cylinder-blocked with debris

c Combustion

1 Improper fuel

2 Faulty injection timing, retarded or wrong cycle

3 Faulty injection nozzle

4 Pump setting incorrect

d Lubrication

1 Improper or excessive time between oil changes

2 Air-locked or plugged oil filter, cooler, or screen

e Load

1 Prolonged service at excessive load

2 Improper synchronization of two or more engines

f Installation

1 High exhaust back pressure to improper piping or muffling

2 Insufficient air circulation when engines are operating in closed spaces

3 Improper turbocharging; intercooler too hot

6 Low or Fluctuating Oil Pressure.

If the diesel engine develops a low or fluctuating oil pressure, the engine should be stopped at once and the ing possible causes of trouble should be checked in an effort to locate the difficulty

follow-a Oil

1 Insufficient oil

2 Dirty filters, oil coolers, or sump screen

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2 Run engine at normal operating speed NO LOAD and note manifold vacuum

3 Run engine at normal operating speed LOADED and note manifold vacuum

4 Select curve to vacuum line indicated on the LOADED engine (Item 3) From this point on the curve followsdown vertically to the percentage of load indicated on the horizontal line

NOTE: The manifold vacuum and horsepower an engine will develop decreases with an increase in altitude.Engine manufacturers consider sea level barometric pressure (29.92 inches of mercury) standard The powerdeveloped decreases about 3 per cent with each thousand feet in altitude

Likewise, the no load vacuum decreases with increasing altitude An engine that will show 20 inches no loadvacuum at sea level will show the following no load vacuum altitudes noted at normal operating speeds

Sea Level 20 inches

Failure to duplicate former readings on properly adjusted engine when running at NO LOAD NORMAL SPEED,will indicate poor engine condition due to poor gas supply, loss of compression, ignition timing, etc

Failure to obtain former readings at NORMAL LOAD and SPEED will indicate either change in engine efficiency

or change in load

Field men should become familiar with vacuum curve readings on their engines properly adjusted and in goodoperating condition to enable them to detect variation in either load or engine condition

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Chapter J: Pumps

Chapter J

Pumps

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Table of Contents - Chapter J

Pumps

J-1 Introduction - Pumps J-4 J-2 Surface and Mud System J-13

I Suction Mud System J-13

II Discharge System J-17 III Drilling Fluids And Their Effect On Expendable Pump Parts J-18 J-3 Pump Parts, Theory and Function J-23

I General - Removal and Installation of Fluid Ends J-32

II Duplex Pump Disassembly J-32 III Duplex Pump-assembly J-37

IV Duplex Pump Piston Assembly J-46

V Single Acting Pump Disassembly J-54

VI Single Acting Pump Assembly J-56 VII Single Acting Piston Assembly J-57

IX Valve and Seat J-64 J-5 Pump Problems, Failures and Analysis J-74

I Priming and Starting Instructions J-74

II Pistons and Liners J-74 III Fluid End Piston Rod and Packing J-77

IV Valves and Seats J-78

V Reducing Pump Volume J-79

VI Centrifugal Pump Care and Maintenance J-80 VII Checklists J-82 J6 Power End Maintenance J-84

I Pump Storage J-90 J7 Preventive Maintenance J-91

I Planned Preventative Maintenance J-91

II Establishing a Preventative Maintenance Program J-92 III Advantages of programming: J-94

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inter-It is not intended that the contents of this manual replace or take precedence over manufacturer's, operators orindividual drilling company recommendations, policies and/or procedures In those areas where local, state andfederal law is in conflict with the contents then it is deemed appropriate to adhere to suer laws IADC has endeav-ored to insure the accuracy and reliability of this data, however, we make no warranties or guarantees in connec-tion with these recommendations.

As technology continues to develop this manual will be updated It is important that the user continue to updatetheir knowledge through research and study

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Chapter J: Pumps

Pump Terminology Code

Figure J1-1 Components of the Hydraulic System

Tiêu đề	IADC Drilling Manual Part 6 pot
Tác giả	International Association of Drilling Contractors
Trường học	University of Petroleum and Energy Studies
Chuyên ngành	Oil and Gas Engineering
Thể loại	manual
Năm xuất bản	Eleventh Edition
Thành phố	Dehradun

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Số trang	66
Dung lượng	0,94 MB