Volume 03 - Alloy Phase Diagrams Part 15 pps

• “Co-Cr-Ti Cobalt - Chromium - Titanium” and “Co-Ni-Ti Cobalt - Nickel - Titanium” in the article “Co Cobalt Ternary Phase Diagrams.” • “Cr-Ni-Ti Chromium - Nickel - Titanium” and “Cr-T

• “Co-Cr-Ti (Cobalt - Chromium - Titanium)” and “Co-Ni-Ti (Cobalt - Nickel - Titanium)” in the article “Co (Cobalt) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Cr-Ni-Ti (Chromium - Nickel - Titanium)” and “Cr-Ti-W (Chromium - Titanium - Tungsten)” in the article

“Cr (Chromium) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• Nb-Ti (Molybdenum - Niobium - Titanium)”, Ni-Ti (Molybdenum - Nickel - Titanium)” and Ti-W (Molybdenum - Titanium - Tungsten)” in the article “Mo (Molybdenum) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

“Mo-• “Nb-Ti-W (Niobium - Titanium - Tungsten)” in the article “Nb (Niobium) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

V (Vanadium) Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Introduction

Ternary systems that include vanadium are provided in the following locations in this Volume:

• “Al-Ti-V (Aluminum - Titanium - Vanadium)” in the article “Al (Aluminum) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “C-Cr-V (Carbon - Chromium - Vanadium)” and “C-Fe-V (Carbon - Iron - Vanadium)” in the article “C (Carbon) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

W (Tungsten) Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Introduction

Ternary systems that include tungsten are provided in the following locations in this Volume:

• “C-Cr-W (Carbon - Chromium - Tungsten)” and “C-Fe-W (Carbon - Iron - Tungsten)” in the article “C (Carbon) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Co-Cr-W (Cobalt - Chromium - Tungsten)”, “Co-Fe-W (Cobalt - Iron - Tungsten)” and “Cr-Fe-W (Chromium

- Iron - Tungsten)” in the article “Cr (Chromium) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Cr-Mo-W (Chromium - Molybdenum - Tungsten)”, “Cr-Nb-W (Chromium - Niobium - Tungsten)”, “Cr-Ni-W (Chromium - Nickel - Tungsten” and “Cr-Ti-W (Chromium - Titanium - Tungsten)” in the article “Cr (Chromium) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Fe-Ni-W (Iron - Nickel - Tungsten)” in the article “Fe (Iron) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Mo-Ni-W (Molybdenum - Nickel - Tungsten)” and “Mo-Ti-W (Molybdenum - Titanium - Tungsten)” in the article “Mo (Molybdenum) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Nb-Ti-W (Niobium - Titanium - Tungsten)” in the article “Nb (Niobium) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

Zn (Zinc) Ternary Alloy Phase Diagrams

Introduction

Ternary systems that include zinc are provided in the following locations in this Volume:

• “Ag-Cd-Zn (Silver - Cadmium - Zinc)” and “Ag-Cu-Zn (Silver - Copper - Zinc)” in the article “Ag (Silver) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Al-Cu-Zn (Aluminum - Copper - Zinc)”, “Al-Fe-Zn (Aluminum - Iron - Zinc)” and “Al-Mg-Zn (Aluminum - Magnesium - Zinc)” in the article “Al (Aluminum) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Cu-Ni-Zn (Copper - Nickel - Zinc)”, “Cu-Pb-Zn (Copper - Lead - Zinc)” and “Cu-Sn-Zn (Copper - Tin - Zinc)” in the article “Cu (Copper) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

• “Pb-Sn-Zn (Lead - Tin - Zinc)” in the article “Pb (Lead) Ternary Phase Diagrams.”

Appendix

Symbols for the Chemical Elements

Symbols for the Chemical Elements

Zinc Zn

Zirconium Zr

Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements

Standard Atomic Weights of the Elements

Melting and Boiling Points of the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure

Melting and Boiling Points of the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure

(b) There are various triple points

(c) Red P sublimes without melting at atmospheric pressure

Allotropic Transformations of the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure

Allotropic transformation of the chemical elements is discussed in the Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams in this Handbook

Allotropic Transformations of the Elements at Atmospheric Pressure

Note: T.P = triple point

Magnetic Phase Transition Temperatures of the Elements

Magnetic phase transition, and other higher-order transitions of the chemical elements, is discussed in the Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams in this Handbook

Magnetic Phase Transition Temperatures of the Elements

(T c), K

Type of magnetic ordering (a)

Phase transition temperature

(T c2), K

Type of magnetic ordering (a)

Phase transition temperature

(T c3), K

Type of magnetic ordering (a)

Saturation magnetic moment,

Source: J.J Rhyne, Bull Alloy Phase Diagrams, 3(3), 402 (1982)

(a) Type of magnetic ordering indicated by the following symbols: FM = transition from paramagnetic to ferromagnetic state, AC = transition to

periodic (antiferromagnetic) state that is commensurate with the lattice periodicity (e.g., spins on three atom layers directed up followed by three layers down, etc.), AI = transition to periodic (antiferromagnetic) state that is generally not commensurate with the lattice periodicity (e.g.,

helical spin ordering), CF = transition to conical ferromagnetic state (combination of planar helical antiferromagnetic plus ferromagnetic component), and FI= transition to ferromagnetic periodic structure (unequal number of up and down spin layers)

(b) Ce exists in five crystal structures, two of which are magnetic ( -fcc; and -dcph) Ce is estimated to be antiferromagnetic below 14.4K by

extrapolation from fcc Ce-La alloys ( Ce does not exist in pure form below 100 K.) Ce is thought to exhibit antiferromagnetism on the hexagonal lattice sites below 13.7 K and on the cubic sites below 12.5 K

(c) Magnetic measurements quoted in table for Fe are for fcc Fe precipitated in copper

(d) The magnetic moment assignments of Mn are complex

(e) h, A; c, A = indicate that sites of hexagonal and cubic point symmetry order antiferromagnetically, but at different temperatures

Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the Metallic

Elements

The crystal structure of the allotropic forms of the metallic elements are presented here in terms of the Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype of the structure The temperatures of the phase transformations are listed in degrees Celsius and the pressures are in GPa A consistent nomenclature is used, whereby all allotropes are labeled by Greek letters The lattice parameters of the unit cells are given in nanometers (nm) and are considered to be accurate ± 2 in the last reported digit Both crystal structure and lattice parameters are discussed in the Introduction to Alloy Phase Diagrams in this Handbook

This compilation is restricted to changes in crystal structure that occur as a result of a change in temperature or pressure Low-temperature structures are included for the diatomic and rare gases, which show many similarities with respect to the metallic elements

Note that there may be differences between values quoted below and similar values given in another table in this

Handbook that has been reproduced from another source For example, the allotropic transformation temperatures of Mn may differ by as much as 23 °C, etc

Crystal Structures and Lattice Parameters of Allotropes of the Metallic Elements

Lattice parameters, nm Element Temperature,

°C

Pressure, GPa

Pearson symbol

Space group

Br <-7.25 atm oC8 Cmca I2 0.668 0.449 0.874

C(graphite) 25 atm hP4 P63 /mmc C(graphite) 0.24612 0.6709 2.7258

C(diamond) 25 >60 cF8 Fd m C(diamond) 0.35669

Ca 25 atm cF4 Fm m Cu 0.55884

In 25 atm tI2 I4/mmm In 0.3253 0.49470 1.5210

P(white) 25 atm c** P(white) 0.718

P(black) 25 atm oC8 Cmca P(black) 0.33136 1.0478 0.43763

Pa 25 atm tI2 I4/mmm Pa 0.3921 0.3235 0.825

Crystal Structure Nomenclature

The various designation systems for describing crystal structure are discussed in the Introduction to Alloy Phase

Diagrams in this Handbook

Crystal Structure Nomenclature: Arranged Alphabetically by Pearson-Symbol Designation

C(diamond) A4 Fd3m

NaCl B1 Fm m cF8

NaTl B32 Fd m

SiO2( cristobalite) C9 Fd m cF24

oI20 Al4U D1 b Imma

FeS2(marcasite) C18 Pnnm oP6

ThSi2 C c I41 /amd

PtS B17 P42 /mmc

PbFCl E01 P4/nmm tP6

A14 I2 oC8 Cmca

atomic percent at.%