‘Landing Gear Integration in Aircraft Conceptual Design,’ AIAA Paper 96–4038, Proceedings of the 6th AIAA/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multi disciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Sept.. Gr
Trang 1241 Reference sources
David Baker, ‘Northrop’s big wing – the B-2’
Air International, Part 1, Vol 44, No 6, June
1993, pp 287–294
Northrop B-2 Stealth Bomber Bill Sweetman
Motorbooks Int’l Osceola, WI, 1992
13.7 Noise
Aircraft Noise Michael J T Smith, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 1989
E.E Olson, ‘Advanced Takeoff Procedures for High-Speed Civil Transport Community Noise Reduction’, SAE Paper 921939, Oct
1992
13.8 Landing gear
Chai S and Mason W.H ‘Landing Gear Integration in Aircraft Conceptual Design,’ AIAA Paper 96–4038, Proceedings of the 6th AIAA/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multi disciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Sept
1996 pp 525–540 Acrobat format
S.J Greenbank, ‘Landing Gear – The Aircraft
Requirement’, Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers (UK), Vol 205, 1991,
pp.27–34
Airframe Structural Design M.C.Y Niu
Conmilit Press, Ltd, Hong Kong, 1988 This book contains a good chapter on landing gear design
S.F.N Jenkins ‘Landing Gear Design and Development’, Institution of Mechanical Engineers (UK), proceedings, part G1,
Journal of Aerospace Engineering, Vol 203,
1989
13.9 Aircraft operations
Aircraft Data for Pavement Design American
Concrete Pavement Association, 1993
Airport Engineering, 3rd ed Norman Ashford
and Paul H Wright John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1992
Trang 2242 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
13.10 Propulsion
Walter C Swan and Armand Sigalla, ‘The Problem of Insalling a Modern High Bypass Engine on a Twin Jet Transport Aircraft’, in
Aerodynamic Drag, AGARD CP-124, April
1973
The Development of Piston Aero Engines Bill
Gunston Patrick Stephens Limited, UK,
1993
Aircraft Engine Design J.D Maltingly, W.H
Heiser, D.H Daley ISBN 0-930403-23-1 AIAA Education Series, 1987
Trang 3Appendix 1:
Aerodynamic stability and
control derivatives
Table A1.1 Longitudinal aerodynamic stability derivatives
Dimensionless Multiplier Dimensional
˚
Xu
2
=
2
=
2
=2
2
Table A1.2 Longitudinal control derivatives
Dimensionless Multiplier Dimensional
M ˚ X˚ Z˚
M ˚
Trang 4244 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Table A1.3 Lateral aerodynamic stability derivatives
Dimensionless Multiplier Dimensional
2V0S Y˚ Y
2 1
2V0Sb 2
L˚ p L˚ r
2 1
2V0Sb2
N˚ p N˚ r
Table A.14 Lateral aerodynamic control derivatives
Dimensionless Multiplier Dimensional
Trang 5Table A2.1 Longitudinal response transfer functions
Trang 6246 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Table A2.2 Lateral-directional response transfer functions
in terms of dimensional derivatives
Trang 7Appendix 3:
Approximate expressions for the dimensionless aerodynamic stability and control derivatives
Trang 8Table A3.1 Longitudinal aerodynamic stability derivatives
Small perturbation derivatives referred to aircraft wind axes
Trang 9Tailplane lift due to downwash lag effect (added mass effect)
Pitch stiffness, dependent on static margin
Trang 10Table A3.2 Small perturbation derivatives referred to aircraft wind axes
total dihedral effect Most accessible
approximate contribution is given
F V �F h l
F F
due to sideslip
dominated by fin effect
Trang 111 Rolling moment
p
due to roll rate
but fin and tailplane contribute
Many contributions, but often
�F F
�F F
Trang 12252 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Table A3.3 Longitudinal aerodynamic control derivatives Small perturbation derivatives referred to aircraft wind axes
Derivative Description Expression Comments
Trang 13Appendix 4:
Compressible flow tables
o
/ = Ratio of local flow density to stagnation densityo
T/To = Ratio of static temperature to total temperature
Trang 14254 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Table A4.1 Continued
M P/P o / o T/T o q/P o A/A* V/a*
0.31 0.9355 0.9535 0.9811 0.9507 6.293e–2 1.9765 0.3364 0.32 0.9315 0.9506 0.9799 0.9474 6.677e–2 1.9219 0.3470 0.33 0.9274 0.9476 0.9787 0.9440 7.069e–2 1.8707 0.3576 0.34 0.9231 0.9445 0.9774 0.9404 7.470e–2 1.8229 0.3682 0.35 0.9188 0.9413 0.9761 0.9367 7.878e–2 1.7780 0.3788 0.36 0.9143 0.9380 0.9747 0.9330 8.295e–2 1.7358 0.3893 0.37 0.9098 0.9347 0.9733 0.9290 8.719e–2 1.6961 0.3999 0.38 0.9052 0.9313 0.9719 0.9250 9.149e–2 1.6587 0.4104 0.39 0.9004 0.9278 0.9705 0.9208 9.587e–2 1.6234 0.4209 0.40 0.8956 0.9243 0.9690 0.9165 0.1003 1.5901 0.4313 0.41 0.8907 0.9207 0.9675 0.9121 0.1048 1.5587 0.4418 0.42 0.8857 0.9170 0.9659 0.9075 0.1094 1.5289 0.4522 0.43 0.8807 0.9132 0.9643 0.9028 0.1140 1.5007 0.4626 0.44 0.8755 0.9094 0.9627 0.8980 0.1186 1.4740 0.4729 0.45 0.8703 0.9055 0.9611 0.8930 0.1234 1.4487 0.4833 0.46 0.8650 0.9016 0.9594 0.8879 0.1281 1.4246 0.4936 0.47 0.8596 0.8976 0.9577 0.8827 0.1329 1.4018 0.5038 0.48 0.8541 0.8935 0.9559 0.8773 0.1378 1.3801 0.5141 0.49 0.8486 0.8894 0.9542 0.8717 0.1426 1.3595 0.5243 0.50 0.8430 0.8852 0.9524 0.8660 0.1475 1.3398 0.5345 0.51 0.8374 0.8809 0.9506 0.8602 0.1525 1.3212 0.5447 0.52 0.8317 0.8766 0.9487 0.8542 0.1574 1.3034 0.5548 0.53 0.8259 0.8723 0.9468 0.8480 0.1624 1.2865 0.5649 0.54 0.8201 0.8679 0.9449 0.8417 0.1674 1.2703 0.5750 0.55 0.8142 0.8634 0.9430 0.8352 0.1724 1.2549 0.5851 0.56 0.8082 0.8589 0.9410 0.8285 0.1774 1.2403 0.5951 0.57 0.8022 0.8544 0.9390 0.8216 0.1825 1.2263 0.6051 0.58 0.7962 0.8498 0.9370 0.8146 0.1875 1.2130 0.6150 0.59 0.7901 0.8451 0.9349 0.8074 0.1925 1.2003 0.6249 0.60 0.7840 0.8405 0.9328 0.8000 0.1976 1.1882 0.6348 0.61 0.7778 0.8357 0.9307 0.7924 0.2026 1.1767 0.6447 0.62 0.7716 0.8310 0.9286 0.7846 0.2076 1.1656 0.6545 0.63 0.7654 0.8262 0.9265 0.7766 0.2127 1.1552 0.6643 0.64 0.7591 0.8213 0.9243 0.7684 0.2177 1.1451 0.6740 0.65 0.7528 0.8164 0.9221 0.7599 0.2226 1.1356 0.6837 0.66 0.7465 0.8115 0.9199 0.7513 0.2276 1.1265 0.6934 0.67 0.7401 0.8066 0.9176 0.7424 0.2326 1.1179 0.7031 0.68 0.7338 0.8016 0.9153 0.7332 0.2375 1.1097 0.7127 0.69 0.7274 0.7966 0.9131 0.7238 0.2424 1.1018 0.7223 0.70 0.7209 0.7916 0.9107 0.7141 0.2473 1.0944 0.7318 0.71 0.7145 0.7865 0.9084 0.7042 0.2521 1.0873 0.7413 0.72 0.7080 0.7814 0.9061 0.6940 0.2569 1.0806 0.7508 0.73 0.7016 0.7763 0.9037 0.6834 0.2617 1.0742 0.7602 0.74 0.6951 0.7712 0.9013 0.6726 0.2664 1.0681 0.7696 0.75 0.6886 0.7660 0.8989 0.6614 0.2711 1.0624 0.7789 0.76 0.6821 0.7609 0.8964 0.6499 0.2758 1.0570 0.7883 0.77 0.6756 0.7557 0.8940 0.6380 0.2804 1.0519 0.7975 0.78 0.6691 0.7505 0.8915 0.6258 0.2849 1.0471 0.8068 0.79 0.6625 0.7452 0.8890 0.6131 0.2894 1.0425 0.8160 0.80 0.6560 0.7400 0.8865 0.6000 0.2939 1.0382 0.8251 0.81 0.6495 0.7347 0.8840 0.5864 0.2983 1.0342 0.8343 0.82 0.6430 0.7295 0.8815 0.5724 0.3026 1.0305 0.8433 0.83 0.6365 0.7242 0.8789 0.5578 0.3069 1.0270 0.8524 0.84 0.6300 0.7189 0.8763 0.5426 0.3112 1.0237 0.8614 0.85 0.6235 0.7136 0.8737 0.5268 0.3153 1.0207 0.8704
Trang 15Table A4.1 Continued
M P/P o / o T/T o q/P o A/A* V/a*
0.87 0.6106 0.7030 0.8685 0.4931 0.3235 1.0153 0.8882 0.88 0.6041 0.6977 0.8659 0.4750 0.3275 1.0129 0.8970 0.89 0.5977 0.6924 0.8632 0.4560 0.3314 1.0108 0.9058 0.90 0.5913 0.6870 0.8606 0.4359 0.3352 1.0089 0.9146 0.91 0.5849 0.6817 0.8579 0.4146 0.3390 1.0071 0.9233 0.92 0.5785 0.6764 0.8552 0.3919 0.3427 1.0056 0.9320 0.93 0.5721 0.6711 0.8525 0.3676 0.3464 1.0043 0.9407 0.94 0.5658 0.6658 0.8498 0.3412 0.3499 1.0031 0.9493 0.95 0.5595 0.6604 0.8471 0.3122 0.3534 1.0021 0.9578 0.96 0.5532 0.6551 0.8444 0.2800 0.3569 1.0014 0.9663 0.97 0.5469 0.6498 0.8416 0.2431 0.3602 1.0008 0.9748 0.98 0.5407 0.6445 0.8389 0.1990 0.3635 1.0003 0.9833 0.99 0.5345 0.6392 0.8361 0.1411 0.3667 1.0001 0.9916
o
/o = Ratio of local flow density to stagnation density (r/ro)
T/To = Ratio of static temperature to total temperature
Trang 16256 Aeronautical Engineer’s Data Book
Table A4.2 Continued
M P/P o / o T/T o q/P o A/A* V/a*
1.23 0.3964 0.5164 0.7677 0.7162 0.4198 1.0398 1.1806 1.24 0.3912 0.5115 0.7648 0.7332 0.4211 1.0432 1.1879 1.25 0.3861 0.5067 0.7619 0.7500 0.4223 1.0468 1.1952 1.26 0.3809 0.5019 0.7590 0.7666 0.4233 1.0504 1.2025 1.27 0.3759 0.4971 0.7561 0.7829 0.4244 1.0542 1.2097 1.28 0.3708 0.4923 0.7532 0.7990 0.4253 1.0581 1.2169 1.29 0.3658 0.4876 0.7503 0.8149 0.4262 1.0621 1.2240 1.30 0.3609 0.4829 0.7474 0.8307 0.4270 1.0663 1.2311 1.31 0.3560 0.4782 0.7445 0.8462 0.4277 1.0706 1.2382 1.32 0.3512 0.4736 0.7416 0.8616 0.4283 1.0750 1.2452 1.33 0.3464 0.4690 0.7387 0.8769 0.4289 1.0796 1.2522 1.34 0.3417 0.4644 0.7358 0.8920 0.4294 1.0842 1.2591 1.35 0.3370 0.4598 0.7329 0.9069 0.4299 1.0890 1.2660 1.36 0.3323 0.4553 0.7300 0.9217 0.4303 1.0940 1.2729 1.37 0.3277 0.4508 0.7271 0.9364 0.4306 1.0990 1.2797 1.38 0.3232 0.4463 0.7242 0.9510 0.4308 1.1042 1.2864 1.39 0.3187 0.4418 0.7213 0.9655 0.4310 1.1095 1.2932 1.40 0.3142 0.4374 0.7184 0.9798 0.4311 1.1149 1.2999 1.41 0.3098 0.4330 0.7155 0.9940 0.4312 1.1205 1.3065 1.42 0.3055 0.4287 0.7126 1.0082 0.4312 1.1262 1.3131 1.43 0.3012 0.4244 0.7097 1.0222 0.4311 1.1320 1.3197 1.44 0.2969 0.4201 0.7069 1.0361 0.4310 1.1379 1.3262 1.45 0.2927 0.4158 0.7040 1.0500 0.4308 1.1440 1.3327 1.46 0.2886 0.4116 0.7011 1.0638 0.4306 1.1501 1.3392 1.47 0.2845 0.4074 0.6982 1.0775 0.4303 1.1565 1.3456 1.48 0.2804 0.4032 0.6954 1.0911 0.4299 1.1629 1.3520 1.49 0.2764 0.3991 0.6925 1.1046 0.4295 1.1695 1.3583 1.50 0.2724 0.3950 0.6897 1.1180 0.4290 1.1762 1.3646 1.51 0.2685 0.3909 0.6868 1.1314 0.4285 1.1830 1.3708 1.52 0.2646 0.3869 0.6840 1.1447 0.4279 1.1899 1.3770 1.53 0.2608 0.3829 0.6811 1.1580 0.4273 1.1970 1.3832 1.54 0.2570 0.3789 0.6783 1.1712 0.4266 1.2042 1.3894 1.55 0.2533 0.3750 0.6754 1.1843 0.4259 1.2116 1.3955 1.56 0.2496 0.3710 0.6726 1.1973 0.4252 1.2190 1.4015 1.57 0.2459 0.3672 0.6698 1.2103 0.4243 1.2266 1.4075 1.58 0.2423 0.3633 0.6670 1.2233 0.4235 1.2344 1.4135 1.59 0.2388 0.3595 0.6642 1.2362 0.4226 1.2422 1.4195 1.60 0.2353 0.3557 0.6614 1.2490 0.4216 1.2502 1.4254 1.61 0.2318 0.3520 0.6586 1.2618 0.4206 1.2584 1.4313 1.62 0.2284 0.3483 0.6558 1.2745 0.4196 1.2666 1.4371 1.63 0.2250 0.3446 0.6530 1.2872 0.4185 1.2750 1.4429 1.64 0.2217 0.3409 0.6502 1.2998 0.4174 1.2836 1.4487 1.65 0.2184 0.3373 0.6475 1.3124 0.4162 1.2922 1.4544 1.66 0.2151 0.3337 0.6447 1.3250 0.4150 1.3010 1.4601 1.67 0.2119 0.3302 0.6419 1.3375 0.4138 1.3100 1.4657 1.68 0.2088 0.3266 0.6392 1.3500 0.4125 1.3190 1.4713 1.69 0.2057 0.3232 0.6364 1.3624 0.4112 1.3283 1.4769 1.70 0.2026 0.3197 0.6337 1.3748 0.4098 1.3376 1.4825 1.71 0.1996 0.3163 0.6310 1.3871 0.4085 1.3471 1.4880 1.72 0.1966 0.3129 0.6283 1.3994 0.4071 1.3567 1.4935 1.73 0.1936 0.3095 0.6256 1.4117 0.4056 1.3665 1.4989 1.74 0.1907 0.3062 0.6229 1.4239 0.4041 1.3764 1.5043 1.75 0.1878 0.3029 0.6202 1.4361 0.4026 1.3865 1.5097 1.76 0.1850 0.2996 0.6175 1.4483 0.4011 1.3967 1.5150 1.77 0.1822 0.2964 0.6148 1.4604 0.3996 1.4070 1.5203
Trang 17Appendix 4 257
Table A4.2 Continued
M P/P o / o T/T o q/P o A/A* V/a*
1.79 0.1767 0.2900 0.6095 1.4846 0.3964 1.4282 1.5308 1.80 0.1740 0.2868 0.6068 1.4967 0.3947 1.4390 1.5360 1.81 0.1714 0.2837 0.6041 1.5087 0.3931 1.4499 1.5411 1.82 0.1688 0.2806 0.6015 1.5207 0.3914 1.4610 1.5463 1.83 0.1662 0.2776 0.5989 1.5326 0.3897 1.4723 1.5514 1.84 0.1637 0.2745 0.5963 1.5445 0.3879 1.4836 1.5564 1.85 0.1612 0.2715 0.5936 1.5564 0.3862 1.4952 1.5614 1.86 0.1587 0.2686 0.5910 1.5683 0.3844 1.5069 1.5664 1.87 0.1563 0.2656 0.5884 1.5802 0.3826 1.5187 1.5714 1.88 0.1539 0.2627 0.5859 1.5920 0.3808 1.5308 1.5763 1.89 0.1516 0.2598 0.5833 1.6038 0.3790 1.5429 1.5812 1.90 0.1492 0.2570 0.5807 1.6155 0.3771 1.5553 1.5861 1.91 0.1470 0.2542 0.5782 1.6273 0.3753 1.5677 1.5909 1.92 0.1447 0.2514 0.5756 1.6390 0.3734 1.5804 1.5957 1.93 0.1425 0.2486 0.5731 1.6507 0.3715 1.5932 1.6005 1.94 0.1403 0.2459 0.5705 1.6624 0.3696 1.6062 1.6052 1.95 0.1381 0.2432 0.5680 1.6741 0.3677 1.6193 1.6099 1.96 0.1360 0.2405 0.5655 1.6857 0.3657 1.6326 1.6146 1.97 0.1339 0.2378 0.5630 1.6973 0.3638 1.6461 1.6192 1.98 0.1318 0.2352 0.5605 1.7089 0.3618 1.6597 1.6239 1.99 0.1298 0.2326 0.5580 1.7205 0.3598 1.6735 1.6284 2.00 0.1278 0.2300 0.5556 1.7321 0.3579 1.6875 1.6330 2.01 0.1258 0.2275 0.5531 1.7436 0.3559 1.7016 1.6375 2.02 0.1239 0.2250 0.5506 1.7551 0.3539 1.7160 1.6420 2.03 0.1220 0.2225 0.5482 1.7666 0.3518 1.7305 1.6465 2.04 0.1201 0.2200 0.5458 1.7781 0.3498 1.7451 1.6509 2.05 0.1182 0.2176 0.5433 1.7896 0.3478 1.7600 1.6553 2.06 0.1164 0.2152 0.5409 1.8010 0.3458 1.7750 1.6597 2.07 0.1146 0.2128 0.5385 1.8124 0.3437 1.7902 1.6640 2.08 0.1128 0.2104 0.5361 1.8238 0.3417 1.8056 1.6683 2.09 0.1111 0.2081 0.5337 1.8352 0.3396 1.8212 1.6726 2.10 0.1094 0.2058 0.5313 1.8466 0.3376 1.8369 1.6769 2.11 0.1077 0.2035 0.5290 1.8580 0.3355 1.8529 1.6811 2.12 0.1060 0.2013 0.5266 1.8693 0.3334 1.8690 1.6853 2.13 0.1043 0.1990 0.5243 1.8807 0.3314 1.8853 1.6895 2.14 0.1027 0.1968 0.5219 1.8920 0.3293 1.9018 1.6936 2.15 0.1011 0.1946 0.5196 1.9033 0.3272 1.9185 1.6977 2.16 9.956e–2 0.1925 0.5173 1.9146 0.3252 1.9354 1.7018 2.17 9.802e–2 0.1903 0.5150 1.9259 0.3231 1.9525 1.7059 2.18 9.649e–2 0.1882 0.5127 1.9371 0.3210 1.9698 1.7099 2.19 9.500e–2 0.1861 0.5104 1.9484 0.3189 1.9873 1.7139 2.20 9.352e–2 0.1841 0.5081 1.9596 0.3169 2.0050 1.7179 2.21 9.207e–2 0.1820 0.5059 1.9708 0.3148 2.0229 1.7219 2.22 9.064e–2 0.1800 0.5036 1.9820 0.3127 2.0409 1.7258 2.23 8.923e–2 0.1780 0.5014 1.9932 0.3106 2.0592 1.7297 2.24 8.785e–2 0.1760 0.4991 2.0044 0.3085 2.0777 1.7336 2.25 8.648e–2 0.1740 0.4969 2.0156 0.3065 2.0964 1.7374 2.26 8.514e–2 0.1721 0.4947 2.0267 0.3044 2.1153 1.7412 2.27 8.382e–2 0.1702 0.4925 2.0379 0.3023 2.1345 1.7450 2.28 8.251e–2 0.1683 0.4903 2.0490 0.3003 2.1538 1.7488 2.29 8.123e–2 0.1664 0.4881 2.0601 0.2982 2.1734 1.7526 2.30 7.997e–2 0.1646 0.4859 2.0712 0.2961 2.1931 1.7563 2.31 7.873e–2 0.1628 0.4837 2.0823 0.2941 2.2131 1.7600 2.32 7.751e–2 0.1609 0.4816 2.0934 0.2920 2.2333 1.7637 2.33 7.631e–2 0.1592 0.4794 2.1045 0.2900 2.2538 1.7673