Unit 2: Relationship potx

UNIT OBJECTIVES At the end of this unit, students will be able to: • Use vocabulary relating to the topic relationships,linking or not linking someone, family, getting together… • Pron

UNIT OBJECTIVES

At the end of this unit, students will be able to:

• Use vocabulary relating to the topic (relationships,linking or not linking someone, family, getting together… )

• Pronounce strong and weak auxiliaries, sentencestress

• Relationships between people

• Ways people keep in touch with

VOCABULARY

Vocabulary about relationship

7

DURATION (12 PERIODS)

family father- son teacher-studentfriend boss- staff colleagues

with suitable picture below.

B Choose an action that you often do to keep in touch with other people?

Relative clauses give us more information about the person, animal or thing we are talkingabout They begin with a relative pronoun like who, whom that, which and whose or a relative adverb like where and when.

We use

• Who or that to talk about people

Example: Is he the man who sold you the tickets?

He’s the lifeguard that saved my life

• Whose to say that something belongs to someone

Example: That’s the photographer whose photos I admire.

• That or which to talk about animal or things

Example: The dogs that work with the police are well trained.

The clock which hangs on my wall is an antique

• Where to talk about places

Example: This is the café where I first met him.

• When to talk about time

Example: I moved here when I was five years old.

• In American English, whom is not used very often "Whom" is more formal than "who"and is very often omitted while speaking:

However, "whom" may not be omitted if preceded by a preposition because the relativepronoun functions as the object of the preposition:

Example: The visitor for whom you were waiting has arrived.

1 Defining relative clauses

We use defining relative clauses to give essential information about the animal,person or thing we are talking about Without the information in a defining relativeclauses, the sentence would not make sense We do not use commas in this type

of clause

Example: He’s the man who/ that lent me this umbrella.

There is a hotel that/ which has some rooms under the sea

2 Non- defining relative clauses

We use non-defining relative clauses to give extra information about the person,

PRACTICE – BÀI TẬP THỰC HÀNH

Match half of the sentence in column A with half of the sentence in column B

to make a complete and meaningful sentence.

animal or thing we are talking about This information is not essential to the meaning

of the sentence Non-defining relative clauses are separated from the main sentence

by commas

Non-defining relative clauses begin with who (for people), which (for things or ideas),whose (for possession), when (for time) and where (for location) We do not use that

in non-defining relative clauses

Example: Mr Jones, who teaches at my son’s school, is a member of the drama group.

Rembrandt, whose paintings are extremely valuable now, was Dutch

3 Some special uses of relative pronouns in restrictive clauses

that / who

When referring to people, both that and who can be used in informal language "That"may be used to refer to the characteristics or abilities of an individual or a group ofpeople:

Example: He is the kind of person that/who will never let you down.

However, when speaking about a particular person in formal language, who is preferred:

Example: The old lady who lives next door is a teacher.

that / which

There are several cases when that is more appropriate than which:

1) After the pronouns "all," "any(thing)," "every(thing)," "few," "little," "many,"

"much," "no(thing)," "none," "some(thing)":

Example: The police usually ask for every detail that helps identify the missing person.

2) After the noun modified by an adjective in the superlative degree:

Example: This is the best resource that I have ever read!

1

3 What’s the name of the writer c whose classes are always full?

4 Aren’t they the musicians d whose book was a best – seller last year?

6 I have never seen a movie f is one I can recommend

7 The book that is on my desk g must be trained very well

8 The dogs which help the blind h that contains maps

9 I can’t tell you anything about the man i who was a world – famous engineer

10 Neil Amrstrong and Buzz Aldrich

were the men

k that ends as suddenly as that one

11 This bridge was built by someone g who walked on the moon in 1969

Complete the sentences with that/ which/ or where

Example: Antarctica is a place where the temperature is always below freezing.

1 I’ve never been to a country it gets so cold

2 That’s the factory they make computers

3 They cooked a meal was delicious

4 There are many subjects i want to study

5 Isn’t that the documentary won an award last month

6 We want to go back to the museum we saw some very old books

7 That was the kind of bicycle was common about a century ago

8 We went to the park i had played as a child

Choose the correct answer

Example: That’s the zoo which / where have a lot of penguins.

1 Those are the dogs that / who help rescuers find lost climbers

2 I saw them last month when / where I was in Chicago on business

3 I know many people who / whose work in the tourist industry

4 What’s the name of the park which / where you can see wild animal

5 Van Gogh was a poor artist who / whose paintings are now sold for millions of dollars

6 That’s the computer which / where I bought last week

7 He’s a person whose / who work is always done with great care

8 I’m not the kind of person which / who would be able to run a business

Join the two sentences More than one answer may be possible.

Example: That is the journalist She won an award last year

→ That is the journalist who won an award last year

1 That’s the restaurant They serve excellent seafood there

Choose the correct answer If no word is needed, choose -.

Example That’s the dentist will always see you in an emergency.

A whose B which C who

1 It’s a building is triangular in shape

4 There are two people advice I always take

A whose B who C that

5 Your idea was the one I liked the best

A - B what C who

6 That’s the village some people speak an ancient language

A who B where C that

Here is a scale showing closeness and distance in relationships in different contexts

CLOSER MORE DISTANT

Friendship: best friend good friend friend acquaintance

Work: close colleague colleague/workmate

Love/romance: lover steady boy/girlfriend ex-*

Marriage: wife/husband/partner ex-*

(*) ex- can be used with or without (informally) another word: She’s my ex, (girlfriend, etc.)

Use words with the suffix – mate to rewrite these sentences.

a This is Jack He and I share a flat

b My granddad still writes to his old friends he was at sea with

c We were in the same class together in 1978, weren’t we?

d She’s not really a friend; she’s just someone I work with

How many relationships can you find between the people in column A and column B?

Example: John Silver and Lorna Fitt were once colleagues.

John Silver: owns a language school for

business people in Bath Worked at the Sun

School, Oxford, 1984-5

Nora Costa: was in UK Olympic swimmingteam in 1982 Was in same class at school asAda Brigg

Josh Yates: politician, was married to Eve Cobb

1973 – 1980 Met Bill Nash a couple of times

Bill Nash: works every day with John Silver.Shared a flat years ago with Eve Cobb

Positive or negative? Write P or N.

a She was full of resentment

b He was very complimentary

c She did it behind my back

d She can stick up for herself

e He was hostile

f Things have settled down

Complete the words in the text with a suitable word in the box below.

sticking tough resented complimentary inevitably strain hostility

Martin had been a top designer, and his boss had always been very 1about his work

It was, therefore, a nasty shock when he was made redundant Martin 2the fact that

he was chosen because he was the youngest, but he was even more shocked by his wife’s .3 She blamed Martin for not 4up for himself, and this fact, on top of the loss of his income, 5 put a big 6 on their relationship They would need to make some 7decisions about the future

core verb positive negative

like love adore dislike hate

worship idolize can’t stand loathe

respect look up to admire look down on despise

attract turn sb on repel turn sb off

be attracted to fancy

Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in CAPITALS.

a He was so COURAGE

b He’s very man HUMILITY

c She showed great BRAVE

d He’s an leader INSPIRATION

e She has such DIGNIFIED

f I him IDOL

Ada Brigg: was married to Bill Nash

1981-4 Swam for Britain in 1982 Olympics

Fred Parks: politician Knew Ada Brigg years ago, but not very well

Ana Wood: has lived as a couple

(unmar-ried) with Bill Nash for the last five years

Lorna Fitt: taught at Sun School Oxford 1980-7 Lives with Josh Yates

3

4

1

Rewrite the sentences starting with the words given The meaning must stay the same.

a I admired my father

I looked

b I want to do the same work as him I want to follow

c Why did she criticize him? Why did she have ?

d He was dedicated to helping the poor He dedicated

e She inspired me She was

f Paula worshipped him He was

Complete the sentences with a suitable word in the box. idealist rebel bully gossip snob a He looks down in other people He’s a

b She’s always talking about others behind their back She’s a

c She’s against anyone in a position of power or authority She’s a

d He’s horrible to anyone he sees as smaller or weaker He’s a

e She believes everything in the world can be perfect She’s an

get on well with sb = have a good relationship

do not see eye to eye = often argue/disagree

fall out with sb = have arguments

break up/split up = end the relationship

have an affair with sb = have a sexual relationship, usually secret

make it up = be friends again after a row

The person who typed this book has got some of the phrases and idioms opposite mixed up with one another Correct them.

a Jo and Phil don’t get on eye to eye with each other

b I fell up with my parents last night It wasn’t my fault

c We had a quarrel but now we’ve made it well

d Do you think Jim and Nora are making an affair? I do,

e I see very well with all my colleagues at work

f She should learn to respect her olders

g Jo’s attractive, but her mate just turns me up completely

2

3

1

Say whether these statements are true or false Tick (v) the boxes.

Rewrite the sentences using an appropriate form of the word in brackets

Example: Lily is not Tom’s girlfriend any more (ex-) Lily is Tom’s ex-girlfriend.

a Jason and I study together and go to the same classes (-mate)

b I’m sorry, I dislike Nance intensely (stand)

c They live together but they are not married (partner)

d She’s had a lot of arguments with her colleagues again (fall out)

e I think Richard is in a relationship with his best friend’s wife (affair)

Change the words underlined to give the sentences the opposite meaning Example: I like people who smoke in public places I hate people who smoke.

a I respect my boss, even though most of my colleagues feel the opposite

b Maria’s his current girlfriend He has so many and changes them so often it’s difficult toknow who is who

c He’s senior to her in terms of length of service, so the promotion is not surprising

d I loathe people who devote their whole life to working and studying

e She’s not a particularly special friend of mine

Which of the people in A take part in the events in B? Discuss in pairs (There may be several answers.)

1 ‘An acquaintance of mine’ means ‘someone I work with’

2 ‘Workmate’ is less formal than ‘colleague’

3 ‘Husband/wife-to-be’ is often seen in newspapers

4 ‘Partner’ means someone you are in business with, not someone you live with

5 ‘To worship’ and ‘to idolise’ can mean ‘to like or love somebody’ very much indeed’

6 A steady boy/girlfriend is just a casual, occasional relationship

7 If you fancy someone, you find them attractive

8 ‘To look up to someone’ is the opposite of ‘to look down on someone’

9 If you feel repelled by someone, you find them attractive

10 If you despise someone, you don’t like or respect them at all

Which of these verbs can you use with the events in B in exercise 1?

In a full sentence auxiliary verbs are not normally stressed Often a weak form or a contraction is used Listen and practice.

When the auxiliary is used for emphasis or stand alone without a main verb,

it is never weak Often it is stressed Listen and practice.

Listen and practice the dialogues, pronouncing the auxiliaries correctly.

1 Listen to the sentence below Notice how the most important words are stressed, andwhere the speaker pauses (//)

An Australian woman travelling home from Melbourne // was driving down a narrowroad on dark evening // when she entered a tunnel

2 Listen to the next sentence and underline the stressed words

Although a little surprised at this // as she had not noticed a tunnel on that route before// she carried on

3 Which words do you think will be stressed in this sentence? Listen and check

But after half an hour of twisting and turning // she ran out of petrol

4 Practice reading the three sentences together, paying attention to the stress

Mark the sentences S if they are useful for starting a conversation and E if they are useful for ending a conversation.

a Nice to meet you Did you have a comfortable flight?

b Leave me alone, will you?

c Hi! What are you doing here?

d OK, I’ll let you get on

/də/

Do you want to hear it?

John, you’re not listening to me

e Well, I’d better be off.

f Execuse me, could you help me?

g Anyway, it’s been nice seeing you again

h Sorry to disturb you

i Welcome to Canada … is this your first visit here?

j Right, I’d better get back to work

Listen and mark the sentences P if they sound polite, C for casual but friendly, and R for rude.

Intonation is important if you want to sound polite When people are being polite, they generally start high and use a wide range of intonation When they are not being polite, they use a narrower range of intonation

Listen again to exercise C1 and copy the intonation on the recording.

READING 1:

SENDING E-CARDS

send cards to family and friends on holidays and

birthdays They also send thank-you cards, get-well cards,

anniversary cards, and graduation cards In fact, there are

cards for almost every event And when they travel, many

people send postcards to their family and friends

E-cards are easy and fun

buy a card, and send it in the mail You don’t even have to buy a stamp Now, you cansend an electronic card right from your computer at home Electronic cards are fast, easyand inexpensive Many of them even free Some have sound, music, and pictures that move.You can type in your own message You can even send electronic cards and post cards inmany different languages

A popular E-card company

started in San Francisco in 1995 Since then, millions of cards have been sent by E-cards The owners

of E-cards care about the earth and nature They givesome of the money they make to groups that help saveendangered animals They also want their cards to beeducational Many cards have pictures of endangeredanimals When you click on the picture of the animal,you can read interesting information about it

The next time you want to say “happy birthday”,

“happy new year”, “congratulation,” or “get well” tosomeone, try sending an electronic card Or the next time you are on a vacation, send someone an e-postcard It’s a fast and fun way to say hello to friends and family whileyou’re away

2

3

1 Post cards are not very popular.

2 You need a stamp to send an electronic card

3 People send cards for many occasions

4 Electronic cards are easy to send and receive

5 The owners of e-cards believe in helping nature and animals

educational inexpensive free message graduation

1 Many e-cards don’t cost any money They are

2 You can type your own in most e-cards

3 It is common to send cards to people when they finish high school

4 The owners of e-cards want their customers to learn about animals Their cards are

5 Electronic cards are fast and

1 If you get something for free, you

a don’t pay for it b pay a lot for it

2 Which is more educational?

a a history textbook b a thank-you note

3 Which is an inexpensive gift?

a a new car b a box of candy

4 Who would you send a graduation card to?

a someone who just got married

b someone who just finished high school

5 Which message would you write on a card for your sick friend?

a Get well soon! b Have a good vacation!

READING 2:

EASY WAYS TO KEEP IN TOUCH

Dear adviser:

my job, but I really miss my friends back home in Mexico city

I feel lonely without them I see them when I go to Mexico, but I

can’t go very often I feel like I am not part of their lives anymore

I don’t want to lose touch with them What should I do?

Sad friend

Dear Sad friend:

keep in touch with them You just need to make a commitment to do it

A Read these statements If a statement is true, write T one the line If it is false, write F