state management of electronic commerce

e-For the SM activities of e-commerce, the thesis only focuses on researching SMcontent of e-commerce in Vietnam with the approach from the management process,the contents include: i Ela

Topic: State management of electronic commerce

Major: Economic Management (Science of Management) – Code: 62.34.01.01 PhD candidate: Dao Anh Tuan

Supervisor: 1 Le Du Phong

1 Necessity of the research topic

The development of electronic commerce (E-commerce) in the world has createdthe change of business modes, drastic change of traditional transactions and broughtenterprises, consumers and society great benefits For Vietnamese enterprises, the e-commerce application in production and business activities (P&B) has increasedcompetitiveness, expanded markets, created more business opportunities forenterprises

In the development process of e-commerce in Vietnam, the State with the role of amanagement subject has created basic premises for the application andimplementation of e-commerce in enterprises With management tools, the State hasoriented and created the development environment for e-commerce

However, the implementation process of e-commerce in recent years has shownthat the development environment for e-commerce in Vietnam has been formed, but

it has not been met the effective development of e-commerce yet Currently, thereare still some main inadequacies in State management (SM) activities of E-commerce as below: strategic orientation in e-commerce development is short, law

on e-commerce has not been adjusted for all new emerging fields of e-commerce,trust of consumers in e-commerce remains low; human resources for e-commerce isshort in quantity and poor in quality; e-commerce examination and inspection havenot been focused on

Furthermore, the incessant development of information technology (IT) in generaland e-commerce in particular in the world will create big challenges for theimplementation of SM functions of e-commerce in Vietnam

Proceeding from the above requirements, the SM of e-commerce in the futureshould be improved in terms of theory and implementation practice In order to havethe basis for completion of these contents, the SM activities of e-commerce should

be strengthened in terms of theory such as clear determination of objectives, content,principles and requirements as well as tools which can be used by the State in theimplementation process of the SM function of e-commerce Moreover, in order toovercome the inadequacies, the current SM activities of e-commerce in Vietnamshould be comprehensively assessed to find existent inadequacies as well as theircauses

With the above reasons, research of the topic "State management of electronic commerce" has both theoretical and practical significance in order to contribute to

improving the SM theory of commerce as well as complete the SM content of commerce in Vietnam

e-2 Aims of research

Aims of research of the thesis are to clearly determine theories of the SM of commerce and to propose some solutions to complete the SM of E-commerce inVietnam

e-Furthermore, the thesis is also to develop the set of assessment criteria for the SMcontent of e-commerce in order to be a basis for assessment of the SM of e-commerce in Vietnam.

3 Subject and scope of research

Subject of research: research subjects of the thesis are the implementation

process of SM content of e-commerce and enterprises implementing e-commerce inVietnam

Scope of research:

Scope of research contents:

About the concept of commerce, with the objective of completing the SM of commerce in Vietnam, the thesis uses the concept of e-commerce in broad meaning.Thus, E-commerce is interpreted as the implementation of a part or the entireprocess of business activities by electronic means with connection to the Internet,mobile telecommunications networks or other open networks

e-For the SM activities of e-commerce, the thesis only focuses on researching SMcontent of e-commerce in Vietnam with the approach from the management process,the contents include: (i) Elaboration of e-commerce strategies and developmentplans, (ii) Elaboration and promulgation of policies and laws on e-commerce, (iii)Implementation of e-commerce plans and development policies, (iv) Control of e-commerce

Scope of research subjects: For research enterprises, the thesis only focuses on

researching enterprises which have applied e-commerce from level 2 or higher; areapplying e-commerce models such as B2B, B2C and C2C These enterprisesoperates in some main sectors such as trade, wholesale, retail; industrial production;finance and banking and information technology

Scope of the research period: the thesis assesses actual status of the SM of

commerce from 2006 to 2012, this is the implementation stage of the general commerce development plan in the 2006-2010 period; the general e-commercedevelopment plan in the 2011-2015 period and other important socio-economicplans of the country

e-4 New contributions of the thesis

4.1 New theoretical contributions

Firstly, in order to perform the state management (SM) function of electroniccommerce (E-commerce) in current situation of international economic integration,the thesis has proposed that the concept of e-commerce should be considered inbroad meaning From this viewpoint, e-commerce is interpreted as theimplementation of a part or the entire process of business activities by electronicmeans with connection to Internet, mobile telecommunications networks or otheropen networks

Secondly, on the basis of research on e-commerce development experiences of

countries in the world, the thesis has shown that in order to develop e-commerce, theState should play an important role in construction and completion of information

technology infrastructure (especially the Internet), legal infrastructure, humanresources infrastructure and information security infrastructure, and be a pioneer inapplication of e-commerce in commercial activities of the Government at the sametime.

Thirdly, the thesis has researched, developed and proposed a set of assessment

criteria for the SM activities of e-commerce on the basis of the Outcome model andmethodology on assessment of World Bank’s policies Indexes in this set of criteriaare used to comprehensively assess the SM of e-commerce in accordance withfollowing criteria: Efficiency, effectiveness, conformity and sustainability

4.2 New proposals from the research result

From the analysis result of the SM status of e-commerce in Vietnam during the2006-2012 period and the SM assessment result of E-commerce in accordance withthe above criteria, in order to complete the SM of e-commerce, the thesis hasproposed some main solutions as follows:

(i) To elaborate the national e-commerce development strategy in order to createlong-term orientations for development of e-commerce in Vietnam

(ii) To complete e-commerce policies such as business people policy, tax policy ine-commerce, consumer protection policy and human resources policy

(iii) To complete the law on e-commerce, focusing on the following contents:Recognizing e-commerce as a field in the system of national economic sectors;clearly defining responsibilities and powers of the e-commerce participants for thenewly arisen e-commerce forms; completing regulations on cross-border e-commerce; recognizing the legal validity of electronic evidence; completingregulations on settlement of disputes in E-commerce

(iv) To strengthen e- commerce training activities, recognizing e-commerce as anofficial major in the national education system

(v) To strengthen e-commerce inspection, examination activities and establishspecialized inspectorate of e-commerce

5 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion, list of references, thesis contents arepresented in four chapters:

Chapter 1 Overview of the research and research methods

Chapter 2 Theoretical basis and lessons learnt in the state management ofelectronic commerce

Chapter 3 Actual status analysis of the state management of electronic commerce

in Vietnam

Chapter 4 Some main solutions to complete the state management of electroniccommerce in Vietnam

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODS 1.1 Overview of research projects

1.1.1 Foreign research projects

Since the emergence in the early 1990s of the 20th century, e-commerce in generaland SM of e-commerce in particular have been mentioned and studied by manyorganizations and scholars in the world Within the scope of the research topic, thisthesis only focuses on some following typical projects:

In 2001, the book “Strategies for eCommerce Success” written by Professor Bijan Fazlollahi, Georgia State University, USA and published by IRM Pressmentioned some specific contents for successful application of e-commerce in eachenterprise and e-commerce management of the competent authorities

-After the research project of Professor-Bijan Fazlollahi, the research project onimpacts of e-commerce in the global economy conducted by the research center ofIrvine University in 2012 studied the impacts of environment and policies of thecountry on formation and development of e-commerce The scope of this researchwas expanded in 10 different countries including: United States, Brazil, China,Denmark, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Singapore and Taiwan with 2,139enterprises The results of this research have shown the impacts of environment andpolicies of the country on formation and development of e-commerce

Unlike the above researches, the book “The Economic and Social Impacts of Commerce” written by Sam Lubbe and Johanna Maria van Heerden in 2003gathered many research projects on economic and social impacts of e-commerce ofscholars from many different universities around the world to be the basis forelaboration of SM policies of e-commerce

E-Following researches on impacts of e-commerce, the book “Social and CognitiveImpacts of E-Commerce on Modern Organizations” written by Mehdi Khosrow-Pour et al and published by Idea Group Publishing in 2004 has particularly studiedsocial, cognitive and cultural impacts of e-commerce on operation of organizations

1.1.2 National research projects

Although the e-commerce has developed in Vietnam for 10 years, we have had alot of research projects on e-commerce in general, and State management of e-commerce in particular

In 2003, the state-level scientific research topic “Research on some main technicaland technological issues in e-commerce and testing deployment", Code: KC.01.05.The project created an overview of common issues of e-commerce and some majortechnologies in e-commerce; tested the integration system of e-commercetechnologies in reality; proposed some solutions for e-commerce development inVietnam in the future

Since 2004, Vietnam E-Commerce and Information Technology Agency directlyunder Ministry of Industry and Trade has conducted a summary of e-commerce

situation in Vietnam in the annual reports on e-commerce in Vietnam (Report title:Vietnam E-commerce Report) These reports have provided an overview of theactual status of e-commerce development in Vietnam in the year such as situation ofe-commerce application in enterprises, actual status of e-commerce infrastructure,deployment of e-commerce policies in reality, etc and given some recommendationsfor state management authorities to implement SM of e-commerce and enterprises toimplement e-commerce.

In addition to the above research projects, e-commerce textbook system of someuniversities in our country has also provided general knowledge as well asprofessional knowledge of e-commerce such as E-commerce textbook of NationalEconomics University; Basic E-commerce textbook of Vietnam University ofCommerce and Foreign Trade University

1.1.3 Comments from an overview of research projects

Firstly, these research projects have made an overall assessment of impacts of

state management on e-commerce development in each country However, most ofthese researches were implemented in the early years of the e-commercedevelopment process and in developed and developing countries with favorableconditions for development of e-commerce which are different from environmentfor e-commerce development in Vietnam

Secondly, current conditions of the international and national environment as well

as new trends of e-commerce have had many changes along with development ofscience, technology and the world economy, so impacts of the state management one-commerce should also be considered in the new conditions

Thirdly, the above researches have not specifically mentioned theoretical issues of

SM of commerce such as concept, objectives, principles and contents of SM of commerce; have not specifically mentioned management role of the State in e-commerce; have not proposed specific measures to assess SM of e-commercecontent

e-The above "gaps" will be the basis for the thesis to focus on clarifying theoutstanding issues in both theory and reality in the SM of e-commerce, then topropose completion solutions

1.2 Research methods

1.2.1 General analytical method

The general analytical method is used in the thesis to consider researches on SM

of e-commerce, how they have been implemented and which results they havegained, etc and to detect "gaps" in the previous researches to be the basis forimplementing contents of the thesis

On the basis of dialectical relationship of research methods in socio-economicscience, the thesis analyzes and clarifies impacts of state management on e-commerce through the implementation of SM of e-commerce; analyzes and clarifiescauses affecting the SM of e-commerce; analyzes and assesses implementation ofthe SM of e-commerce through criteria

1.2.2 Qualitative research method

The qualitative research method is used in the thesis to determine researchquestions, assessment criteria for the SM of e-commerce, collect opinions of experts

on issues in current SM of e-commerce and exchange some solutions to completethe SM of e-commerce in Vietnam

1.2.3 Quantitative research method

The quantitative research method is used in the thesis to measure implementationresults of the SM of e-commerce in accordance with each criterion and examine theconformity of indicators in each criterion, and assess the SM of e-commerce on thebasis of the developed criteria

CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BASIS AND LESSONS LEARNT IN THE STATE

MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE 2.1 Electronic commerce

2.1.1 Concept of e-commerce

E-commerce is interpreted as the implementation of a part or the entire process ofbusiness activities by electronic means with connection to Internet, mobiletelecommunications networks or other open networks

E-commerce transaction activities include at least three subjects, of which anindispensable party is network service supplier, the certifying authorities

The information network is only a medium to exchange data in the traditionalcommerce, but it is the market of e-commerce

2.1.3 E-commerce models

E-commerce between business and business (Business to Business - B2B)

E-commerce between business and consumer (Business to Consumer - B2C)

E-commerce between consumer and consumer (Consumer to Consumer - C2C)E-commerce between business and the government (Business to Government -B2G)

Ecommerce between the government and employees (Government to Employee G2E)

-2.1.4 Benefits and limitations of e-commerce

Benefits of e-commerce

For organizations: e-commerce brings a lot of benefits such as market expansion,production cost reduction, improvement of distribution system; excess of the timelimit; production on demand; creation of new business models; increase of puttingspeed on the market; reduction of communications costs; strengthening of customerrelation; update of information

For consumers: from the perspective of buyers, e- commerce creates favorableconditions in both space and time, increases selection opportunities thanks to easyaccess to goods, services, and collects more information Thus, demands can bebetter met.

For scope of the whole society: for countries, e-commerce activities can improvecompetitiveness of the economy and bring the ability to improve the administrationand investment environment On national scale, e-commerce creates the basis forearly access to digitized economy or knowledge economy E-commerce directlystimulates development of IT

Limitations of e-commerce:

Technical limitations: No international standards for quality, safety and reliabilityhave been made; Internet connection speed still fails to meet requirements of users,especially in e-commerce; Internet connection speed cannot still meet requirements

of users, especially in e-commerce, etc

Commercial limitations: security and privacy of consumers in e-commerce havenot been cared appropriately; the trust in e-commerce and sellers in e-commercetransactions is lacked due to no direct meeting; many legal issues, tax policies havenot been clarified etc

2.2 State management of electronic commerce

2.2.1 Concept of state management of electronic commerce

The SM of e-commerce is understood as the process that the State usesmanagement instruments to make impacts on commercial activities in an electronicenvironment to achieve the e-commerce development objectives

Management subjects: the characteristic of e-commerce is to be implemented in

an electronic environment through electronic means, so e-commerce should besecured by a technology infrastructure (especially information technology andInternet) Therefore, in addition to the direct management subject as the Statemanagement agency of commerce (Ministry of Industry and Trade), the role of statemanagement agency of information technology and communications (Ministry ofInformation and Communications) is particularly important in establishment oftechnology infrastructure for the e-commerce development Information technologyand e-commerce have a close relationship, or in other words, IT is the developmentfoundation of e-commerce On the basis of the applications, technical methods andtools of information technology, websites, modes of payment, and purchasingprocess, etc will be set up to provide customers with the best online shoppingexperience It means that e-commerce can not develop unless it is secured by astable, modern technology infrastructure which updates the trend of technologicaldevelopment in the world

Management object: E-commerce is considered to be the inevitable development

of commerce in the digitized economy, the expression form of commercial activities

in the electronic environment In addition to transaction participants as in traditionalcommercial transactions, there are also third objects as service infrastructuresuppliers (Internet, mobile telecommunications services, etc.), electronic

certification organizations (providing digital signatures, certificates, etc) Althoughthese objects do not directly participate in e-commerce transactions, they are a factor

to secure success of e-commerce transactions

Environmental factor in e-commerce activities always changes rapidly, thebusiness forms in e-commerce becomes more diverse, complex and uses application

of the latest technologies This poses a huge challenge in state managementactivities, requiring the state management agency of e-commerce to have appropriatepolicies to promptly adapt to these changes

2.2.2 Objectives of state management of electronic commerce: objective of commerce development orientation; objective of e-commerce development;objective of creation of environment and favorable conditions for e-commercedevelopment; objective of democracy, justice consolidation for all individuals andall economic sectors to implement e-commerce activities in the economy

e-2.2.3 Functions of state management of e-commerce

Function of e-commerce development orientation

Function of environment creation for e-commerce development

Function of e-commerce activity regulation

Function of e-commerce activity control

2.2.4 Contents of state management of e-commerce

With the approach from the management process, state management of commerce includes contents: (i) Elaboration of e-commerce strategies anddevelopment plans, (ii) Elaboration and promulgation of policies and laws on e-commerce, (iii) Implementation of e-commerce development plans and policies, (iv)Control of e-commerce

e-2.2.4.1 Elaboration of e-commerce strategy and development plan

E-commerce strategies: are the national e-commerce development orientation in a

relatively long period with the overall and specific objectives, and a system ofsolutions to mobilize maximum resources and implement e-commerce developmentobjectives set by the State

The system of e-commerce development strategies in the national economyincludes national e-commerce strategy, provincial (municipal) e-commercedevelopment strategy, e-commerce development strategy of each enterprise

E-commerce Development Plans: are detailed plans to concretize e-commerce

development strategies Two main types of the e-commerce development plans are:medium-term plan and annual plan

2.2.4.2 Elaboration and promulgation of policies and laws on e-commerce

E-commerce development policy: E-commerce policy is a system of regulations,

tools and appropriate measures applied by the State to regulate e-commerceactivities in certain period in order to achieve the objectives stated in the e-commerce development strategy

E-commerce development policies include the following main policies: businesspeople policy; consumer protection policy in e-commerce; tax policy; human

resources training and development policy for e-commerce; technologyinfrastructure development policy for e-commerce.

Elaboration and promulgation of laws on e-commerce

E-commerce law is a system of general mandatory behavior rules which expressthe will of the state management agency of economics in general and of e-commerce

in particular are made, enforced and protected by the State in order to develop commerce in accordance with objectives

e-Researches in the world summarized five legal issues of e-commerce that need to

be specified in the national law, including:

(i) Recognition of messages from data: Putting forth legal regulations for contents

of commercial transactions through electronic means;

(ii) Technical regulations on electronic signatures to ensure the authenticity,integrity and confidentiality of information exchanged in e-commerce;

(iii) Protection of intellectual property rights in e-commerce;

(iv) Consumer protection in e-commerce;

(v) Prevention of crime and breaches in e-commerce

2.2.4.3 Implementation of e-commerce development plans and policies

This is the implementation stage of e-commerce development plans and policies

in reality This stage includes: communication and consultancy, implementation ofdevelopment programs and projects; operation of funds; coordination to implementactivities; assurance of operation of support service supply system

2.2.5 State management apparatus of electronic commerce

State management apparatus of electronic commerce is a constituent part of thestate management apparatus of economy and has relative independence, includingState authorities performing the e-commerce management function from central tograssroots levels

State management of e-commerce is implemented at 2 levels: central andgrassroots levels At the central level, state management agency of e-commercial iscentral state management agencies including the National Assembly, Government,People’s Court Agencies assisting the Government in performance of statemanagement function of e-commerce are ministries and ministerial-level agencies.With the characteristics of e-commerce as stated above, in order to manage e-commerce activities, it is very necessary to have the participation of manymanagement agencies with different management functions including: statemanagement authorities of commerce; state management agency of IT and

communication, network safety, security; state management agency of paymenttechnology infrastructure in e-commerce.

At the grassroots level: People’s Committees at all levels perform the statemanagement of e-commerce in the local scope as assigned by the Government.Department of Industry and Trade is a consulting agency, directly supportingPeople’s Committee to perform the state management of e-commerce in the localscope

2.2.6 Factors affecting the state management of electronic commerce include

human resources of state management authorities of e-commerce, level of ITapplication in state management authorities; international commitments in e-commerce development; e-commerce development trend in the world

2.2.7 Assessment of state management of e-commerce

The thesis uses four assessment criteria of the SM of e-commerce, includingefficiency, effectiveness, conformity and sustainability

Table 2.1 Assessment criteria of the SM of e-commerce

6 Demand satisfaction level of e-commerce humanresources in enterprise’s activities

7 Satisfaction level of information technologyinfrastructure for e-commerce development

8 Completion level of objectives stated in commerce strategies and development plan

e-EFFECTIVENESS 1 Popularity of e-commerce in the economy.

2 Benefits of e-commerce for enterprises

3 Conformity of e-commerce policies in Vietnamwith international practices.

SUSTAINABILITY

1

Connection between e-commerce developmentpolicies with other socio-economic developmentpolicies of the country

2

Level of socio-economic development promotion

in general and enterprise development promotion

in particular

3 Level of impacts of e-commerce developmentpolicies on e-commerce application in enterprises

2.3 International experience in state management of e-commerce

Firstly, elaboration of e-commerce development strategy In countries with

developed e-commerce such as the United States, Korea, Singapore, in order tosupport the development of national e-commerce, the governments always focuses

on the elaboration of national e-commerce development strategies with long-termoriented objectives National e-commerce development strategies are elaboratedindependently of other socio-economic development strategies of the country

Secondly, elaboration and promulgation of policies and laws on e-commerce.

For elaboration of legal framework for the e-commerce development: thegovernments particularly focus on construction and creation of a favorable legalenvironment for e-commerce In order to promote e-commerce, countries mustelaborate a specific legal framework This legal framework will be applied toregulate commercial activities in general and e-commerce transactions in particularfor both consumption and business purposes The governments elaborate legalframeworks for the problems being considered as obstacles and legal difficulties fore-commerce development

For construction and development of infrastructure for e-commerce development:The governments of countries play an important role in development ofinfrastructure for e-commerce development, and particularly focus on IT, paymentand human resources infrastructure

Thirdly, implementation of e-commerce development strategies, plans and

policies: during the deployment process of e-commerce, the governments ofcountries often build centers to support e-commerce deployment of enterprises Themission of these centers is to find the most modern and suitable e-commerce model

to apply and deploy in enterprises of the countries

CHAPTER 3 ACTUAL STATUS ANALYSIS OF STATE MANAGEMENT OF

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE IN VIETNAM 3.1 Actual status of electronic commerce development in Vietnam

3.1.1 Period of E-commerce formation and official recognition by law

This is considered a premise period of E-commerce application in Vietnam’senterprises In this period, the environment for E-commerce development was justformed in Vietnam, and some enterprises were initially aware of the great role inapplying E-commerce in production and business activities and started to apply E-commerce at different levels

3.1.2 Drastic development period of E-commerce in Vietnam

Following successful applications of commerce in enterprises, since 2006, commerce in Vietnam has had such drastic progresses as: E-commerce has beenextensively applied in numerous enterprises, online shopping habits have beengradually formed by consumers, E-commerce has been socially and commerciallyaccepted as a new business line, bringing numerous benefits to not only consumersbut also enterprises

E-3.2 Actual status of E-commerce state management

3.2.1 Elaboration of E-commerce development plan

E-commerce development plan is one part of country’s socio-economicdevelopment plan The current system of E-commerce development plans includes:national E-commerce development plan and local E-commerce development plan

3.2.1.1 National E-commerce development plan

The overall E-commerce development plan in the 2006-2010 period puts forth thefollowing E-commerce development objectives:

(i) E-commerce development contributes to promoting trade and improvingcompetitiveness of enterprises in the context of Vietnam’s increasingly wide anddeep integration in to the world economy;

(ii) The State plays an important role in creating favorable legal environment andpolicy mechanism to attract advanced technologies and encourage enterprises toapply E-commerce; providing public services to support E-commerce activities.(iii) E-commerce development needs to be closely associated with application anddevelopment of IT and communication;

(iv) Review, supplementation and amendment of legal normative documents toensure the whole legal system is commonly oriented in supporting, facilitating E-commerce development

The overall E-commerce development plan in the 2011-2015 period with thegeneral objective as: “E-commerce will be commonly used and achieve theadvanced level in countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations

(ASEAN), contributing to competiveness improvement of enterprises and nations,and promoting national industrialization and modernization”

3.2.1.2 E-commerce development plans of localities

By the end of October 2011, implementing Decision No.1073/QD-TTg of thePrime Minister, 56 provinces and cities under central agency elaborated andpromulgated their next five-year E-commerce development plans

3.2.2 Elaboration of policies and promulgation of laws on E-commerce

3.2.2.1 E-commerce development policies

Business people policy: defines conditions, procedures when registering

establishment of E-commerce websites; rights and duties of business people whenparticipating in E-commerce; Acts of business people prohibited in E-commerceactivities

Consumer protection policy in E-commerce: For the past time, consumer

protection policies in E-commerce have mainly concentrated on 2 specific aspectssuch as protection of consumer’s personal information and protection of consumer’srights in their contract commitment process via E-commerce websites

The protection of consumer’s personal information in E-commerce transactionsincludes managing and using consumer’s personal information in E-commerce,avoiding junk emails and managing commercial advertisement emails and handlingpersonal information crimes in E-commerce

Consumer protection in contract commitment process via E-commerce websitesincludes: focusing on adjustment of information supply and contract commitment inelectronic environment to narrow the gaps of information inequality for consumersand improve transparency of E-commerce environment

Tax policy in E-commerce: determines taxpayers; ratepayers; and tax management Policies on E-commerce human resources training and development: these

policies include E-commerce training for State management and enterprisecommunity officers; full-time E-commerce training in colleges and universities:according to results surveyed by Vietnam E-Commerce and Information TechnologyAgency in 2008, 2010 and 2012, there were 88 colleges and universities including

52 universities and 36 colleges which implemented E-commerce training activities

by the end of 2012 Until the end of 2012, Ministry of Education and Training didnot announce the framework curriculum for E-commerce and there was no separatesubject code in the list of level 4 subject codes of Ministry of Education andTraining

Policies on E-commerce Technology Infrastructure Development:

The public IT & Communication Infrastructure has been developing drastically inVietnam; national modern information network covers the entire country,connecting with almost all countries in the region and the world By the end ofDecember 2012, the number of people with Internet access reached 31.3 million inVietnam, accounting for 35.3% per 100 people The number of immobile broadbandInternet subscribers reached 4.87 million; the percentage of families has computersper 100 families attained 18.8%