The purpose of the thesis is to study the state of implementation of the contents of SM of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam, thereby proposing some solutions to improve the SM of the development of female scientific research HR to meet the requirements of social reality in the present period.
Trang 1MINISTRY OF EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
VIETNAM NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC
Trang 2The work completed at: VIETNAM NATIONAL ACADEMY OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
Supervisors:
Supervisor 1: Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyen Thi Hong Hai
Supervisor 2: Prof.Dr Pham Van Duc
Examiner 1:
……… Examiner 2:
………
The thesis will be examined and defended at the Academy
Thesis Evaluation Council
Venue: Doctoral Thesis Defending Room - Hall Building
……, Vietnam National Academy of Public Administration;
No 77 Nguyen Chi Thanh Street - Dong Da District - Hanoi
Time: At hour day….month year………
The thesis can be found at the National Library of Vietnam
or the library of Vietnam National Academy of Public
Administration
Trang 3in scientific research field, is one of the important issues today
Vietnam has undergone more than 30 years of implementing the Doi Moi policy The Party and Government have adopted policies and guidelines and used the great strength of women for the cause
of national construction and defense However, to develop female scientific research human resource
in the current situation is still difficult due to: the consequences of the wars; the backward condition of the country; and the Confucian male domination thinking Therefore, female scientific research human resource development is an important content that should be attended and studied At present, opportunities and challenges have been brought up more than ever before, all national potentials must
be exploited rationally, including female HR, especially female scientific research human resource Over the years, we have had a number of policies, guidelines and laws to achieve gender equality, and women have made a positive contribution to the development of the country However, the number of women participating in scientific research activities is still small The equality in scientific research activities between men and women is few and far between The Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST)'s surveys found that the proportion of women in charge of ministry-level research projects in 2010 accounted for about 10% of the total number of ministry-level projects in science and technology, and the women in charge of national-level projects accounted for only about
0.2% The statistics by UNESCO and L'OREAL in the program "For the development of women in
science" show that in the world only 30% of the students studying science is female; Female scientists
account for only 25% of the total number of scientists worldwide and only 2.9% of the winners of the Nobel Prize were female scientists So why is there such imbalance in scientific research activities between the two genders? And how to overcome this situation, arouse the strength of women in scientific research activities? This is really a problem that should be addressed in the National Strategy for the advancement of women, more specifically the issue of gender equality in scientific research activities in the world in general and Vietnam in particular
For the above reasons and from her work position, the author has chosen the topic "state management (SM) of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam" to do her PhD thesis in public management, which is both theoretically and practically valuable
2 Research purpose and tasks
2.1 Research purpose
The purpose of the thesis is to study the state of implementation of the contents of SM of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam, thereby proposing some solutions to improve the SM of the development of female scientific research HR to meet the requirements of social reality in the present period
2.3 Research tasks
Reviewing literature related to the thesis topic; systematizing the theoretical grounds on SM of female scientific research human resource development; studying the actual situation of female scientific research human resource; the situation of management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam and studying to propose solutions to improve the effectiveness of state management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam
Trang 4- Regarding space: the thesis studies the female scientific research human resource development
in the whole territory of Vietnam
4 Methodology and research method
5 Research questions and scientific hypothesis of the thesis
5.1 Research questions of the thesis
How is the state management of the development of female scientific research HR in Vietnam now? What are the strengths and weaknesses in state management of female scientific research human resource development today? What are the factors influencing female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam? What should be done to improve the effectiveness of state management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam in the next period?
5.2 Scientific hypothesis of the topic
The research hypothesis is that the state management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam has achieved certain results, however, there are limitations If the causes that lead to shortcomings can be pointed out, a system of appropriate solutions to overcome the shortcomings and improve some policies for female scientific research human resource development will be developed, and a large number of female scientists of high quality meeting the development requirements of the country in the period of international integration will be available
6 New contributions of the thesis
6.1 Theoretical contribution
The thesis will contribute to deepening the theoretical foundations of state management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam; clarifying the content of state management of female scientific research human resource development, including: related concepts, subjects and objects of female HR management in scientific research; contents of state management of female scientific research human resource development; and factors affecting the management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam today
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6.2 Practical contributions
The findings of the thesis will provide readers and managers with an overview of the situation of
SM of female scientific research human resource development in our country including the state of implementation of the management contents, the achievements and constraints as well as the causes thereof in state management of the development of female scientific research HR in Vietnam
The thesis proposes solutions to improve the efficiency of state management of female scientific research human resource development, contributing to improving the quality of human resources of the country in the context of building a knowledge-based economy in Vietnam
7 Implications of the thesis
The thesis is important in contributing to improving the efficiency of state management of scientific research human resource development, improving the quality of social human resources for the cause of industrialization, modernization and international integration
It can serve as materials for managers and policy-makers to develop and implement policies of scientific research human resource development in general and female scientific research human resource development in particular in Vietnam in the current period The theoretical and practical systems of the thesis also have practical implications in the research and teaching of the subject of state management of female scientific research human resource development at Vietnam National Academy of Public Administration
8 Structure of the thesis
Apart from the preamble, conclusion, list of references and appendices, the thesis consists of 4 chapters:
Chapter 1: Overview of researches related to the thesis
Chapter 2: Scientific grounds for state management of female scientific research human resource development
Chapter 3: Current situation of state management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam
Chapter 4: Viewpoints and solutions to improve state management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam
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CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCHES
RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1 Overview of the researches related to the thesis
1.1.1 Researches related to HR development
Research on HR and HR development is a subject of great interest to many scholars and managers
in all countries and territories in the world In Vietnam, when the country enters the stage of opening
up to and integrating with the world, the research on HR development is concerned even more by all levels, branches and scientists Some of the most notable works are: the research by Tran Thi Tuyet:
"Human Resource Development in Economic Development", PhD thesis, National Economics University, 1995; the research by Nguyen Thanh: "Human resource development and the role of
education and training in the cause of human resource development to serve industrialization and modernization in our country today", Ph.D thesis in philosophy, Institute of Philosophy 2001; the
research by Bui Thi Thanh: "Human resource development in Cuu Long Delta to 2020", PhD thesis in
economics 2005, Ho Chi Minh City University of Economics, …
Research on human resource and HR development has also been exchanged in specialized
journals, including a number of articles such as: Vu Thi Mai Oanh's Article: "Industrialization and
modernization in Vietnam and the problem of improving the quality of human resources", Human
Resources Development Magazine, Issue No 2/2012; Dang Huu Toan: "Human Resource
Development in Socio-Economic Development Strategy for 2011-2020", Human Resource
Development Magazine, Issue No 3/2013; Tran Thi Lan: "Improving labor quality of higher
education knowledge - the key to implementing human resources strategy from the Party's points of view at the 11th National Party Congress", Human Resource Development Magazine, Issue No
5/2013,
1.1.2 Researches on state management of female scientific research human resource
Research on state management of female HR development in our country in recent years gradually became a topic of great concern to authorities and scholars and researchers as they wanted to gradually develop and use this resource effectively in the socio-economic development of the country
Some of the most notable works include: Do Thi Thach's research: "Vietnam's knowledge in the
current Doi Moi course - potential and direction of development", PhD thesis of philosophy, Ho Chi
Minh National Political Academy in 1999; Le Thi Thuy's research: "Female human resource
development for economic growth and social justice in the Northern mountainous region", PhD thesis
of Economics, Central Institute for Economic Management in 2012; Nguyen Thi Giang Huong's
research: "The problem of development of high quality female human resource in Vietnam today", Ph.D thesis, Ho Chi Minh National Political Academy, 2013; Nguyen Ba Thinh's research: "The Role
of Women in Rural Industrialization - A research conducted in the Red River Delta," PhD thesis of
Social Science, 2001; the article by Dang Anh Tuyet: "Female human resource development in
Vietnam, current situation and challenges", Journal of Scientific Research of the Trade Union,
to develop human resources such as training, HR advancement; planning for human resource development; Development and implementation of the mechanisms and policies for development of working human resources The scientific topics, works and projects have investigated the actual situation of HR, the actual situation of female HR management in some organizations, agencies and
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localities, and proposed some management solutions The working female HR in the rural areas and the role of women in rural areas are also studied by the scholars
1.2.2 The aspects and content that should continue to be studied include: Research on HR from the
perspective of public management, the works and articles on which are few In addition, there are few scholars interested in State management of female HR development The system of theoretical foundations for female HR development has not been studied and adequate The investigations and researches on the actual situation of female HR, female scientific research human resource have not been sufficiently attended by Vietnamese scientists; there have been no scientific research work focusing on the actual situation of female scientific research human resource in Vietnam According to the recent studies, the treatment policies for scientists in general and female scientists in particular in Vietnam are ineffective The material facilities, financial resource and budget for female scientific research human resource development have not yet been considered, and the relationship between material facilities and training and retraining of female scientific research human resource has not been clarified The integration and international cooperation in female scientific research human resource development has not yet been studied and investigated
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CHAPTER 2: SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION FOR STATE MANAGEMENT OF FEMALE
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
2.1 Female Human resource in scientific research and female scientific research human resource development
2.1.1 The concept of female scientific research human resource
2.1.1.1 Female human resource
Female HR is a term used to refer to the potential power of women as a whole to be mobilized in the process of creating wealth, material value and spiritual value for society at present and in the future These strengths and abilities are reflected in the quantity, quality, structure, national traditions, experience and social attainment that the women had in the past and their ability to achieve such in the future
2.1.1.2 Scientific research
Scientific research is the discovery of the nature of things, the development of scientific perception of the world, the process of finding and inventing new methods and new technical means to change things to serve the purpose of life, existence and development of human beings
Scientific research is the process of exploring, inventing and discovering new things, the laws and the nature of things, phenomena, new means and techniques to serve the needs of society and human beings
2.1.1.3 Female scientific research human resource
Female scientific research human resource is a concept to indicate those women who are engaged
in the field of science to discover new things on the nature of things, about the natural and social world, and to create new methods and technical means of higher value
2.1.2 Development of female human resource in scientific research
Development of female human resource in scientific research is the whole of policies, forms and measures to raise the number and quality of female scientific researchers; at the same time, improve the effectiveness in management and use to create gender equality in order to better meet the sustainable development of the country
2.1.3 The characteristics of female human resource in scientific research: It is a high quality labor
force The object of labor of female scientific research human resource is new knowledge, new things, phenomena and laws The mode and working methods of female scientific research human resource also differ greatly from those in other fields The working forms of female scientific research human resource are abundant and varied The products of activities of female scientific research human resource do not have specific time The working time of the contingent of female scientific research human resource cannot be specified, may during office hours, or may be overtime as this depends on the characteristics of the research objects Due to the diversity of natural and social phenomena, the scope of scientific research activities is diverse and varied Many scientific research activities require experts and researchers to have persistence, courage and virtue of sacrifice Unlike their male counterparts, apart from the research tasks, they have to implement the motherhood, wifery, and implementation of these functions put women in less advantageous than men in life, as well as promotion opportunities in research institutions
2.2 The necessity of state management of female scientific research human resource
2.2.1 Concepts and characteristics of SM of female scientific research human resource development
The concept of state management
According to State administrative management researchers: "SM is the organized and regulated influence of State power on social processes and human behavior to sustain and develop social
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relations and legal order in order to implement the functions and tasks of the State in the process of building socialism and defending the socialist fatherland."
SM of female scientific research human resource
In short, SM of female scientific research human resource is the organized, purposeful, authoritative and legal influence of the State to guide the female scientific research human resource, exploit and effectively use female scientific research human resource to meet the practical needs of socio-economic development of the country
2.2.2 The urgency of state management of female scientific research human resource development
Female scientific research human resource plays an important role: Being the source of social labor, a high quality human resource of women in the society; the main force in building scientific arguments, which are important bases for agencies and authorities at all levels to formulate the guidelines and roadmaps for socio-economic development Female scientific research human resource involves in the training and advancement of HR in scientific research for the country in the future Female scientific research human resource also has the responsibility to organize professional guidance, guide key researchers, researchers, research assistants and collaborators to perform scientific tasks; Participate in researches to understand the laws of nature and society, improve the production process, innovate sciences and technologies Female scientific research human resource participates in activities of leading scientific research; Participate in mass organizations and social work; Engage in personnel work, recruitment, placement, transfer, planning and appointment of staff
2.2.3 Contents of SM of female scientific research human resource
Approached from the perspective of public management science, state management of female scientific research human resource development includes the following contents: Formulation of strategies, plans, policies, programs and projects on the female scientific research human resource development; development and promulgation of legal documents on the female scientific research human resource development; organization of the structure of apparatus of state management of female scientific research human resource development; recruitment, training, use of female scientific research human resource and international cooperation in female scientific research human resource development; inspection, supervision, review and evaluation of the activities of female scientific research human resource development
2.3 The factors affecting SM of female scientific research human resource development
The generalized experiences of HR development of some countries that have been very successful
in HR development in general and high quality female HR development in particular are valuable lessons for female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam The countries include: USA, Japan and China
2.4.2 The lessons learned for Vietnam: It is necessary to clearly define the specific objectives in
female scientific research human resource development in each period and each stage; establish an effective institutional framework to protect women's rights and support them when they engage in labor, especially in the field of scientific labor; comprehensively innovate education and training, focusing on the renovation of higher education; perform fair recruitment and employment of talents; develop policies of using and treating scientific talents; create a modern and democratic scientific research environment; raise awareness of the role of women; carry out good management of the female scientific research human resource development
Trang 103.1.1 The actual situation of HR in scientific research
Regarding the size and quantity of scientific researchers
According to the data from the surveys and studies conducted by the Ministry of Science and Technology in recent years, in 2015 there were 164,744 people participating in scientific research (also known as development research) This is the total number of people engaging in scientific research, including full-time and part-time engagement
Regarding the quality of the human resources in scientific research
The investigation results show that by the end of 2015, there were 128,997 people in the whole country directly engaging in scientific research with college or higher degrees Out of them, there were 12,261 doctors; 45,223 masters; 66,684 bachelors and 4,827 college degree holders
3.1.2 The actual situation of female scientific research human resource
Regarding the size and quantity of female scientific research human resource
According to the Ministry of Science and Technology, by the end of 2014, the total number of female scientific research human resource nationwide was 73,700, of which 61,862 people were in the State sector, accounting for the majority of 83.94% of the total female scientific research human resource; the number of female scientific research human resource in non-State sectors was 9,772 people and 2,066 people in the foreign-invested sector Compared to the total number of scientific researchers in the whole country, female scientific research human resource is relatively low, accounting for 44.74%
Table 3.4: Statistics on the size and quantity of female scientific research human resource by economic sector and by work position
Economic sector
Total research personnel
Divided by work positions
Research staff
Technical staff
Support staff Other
Total human resources 164,744 128,997 12,799 15,149 7,799
Female scientific research
human resource 73,700 56,846 5,033 8,412 3,409
Source: Synthesis from the 2014 R&D surveys and the 2014 business surveys
The study of female scientific research human resource by work positions shows that there are 56,846 women working directly in research tasks, accounting for 77.13%; 5,033 female technicians, accounting for 6.83%; 8,412 women supporting scientific research, accounting for 11.41% and 3,068
women doing other tasks, accounting for 4.63%
Regarding the quality of the female scientific research human resource
The study of the quality of female human resource directly engaging in scientific research shows that there are 3,667 female doctoral degree holders, accounting for 6.46%; 23,503 female masters, accounting for 41,36%; 27,672 bachelors, accounting for 48.71%; and 2,400 college degree holders, accounting for 3.52%
Trang 111 Total number of researchers 105,230 11,501 34,618 55,116 3,995
2 Number of female researchers
Source: Synthesis from the 2014 R&D surveys and the 2014 business surveys
Table 3.6 shows that female scientific research human resource with high quality focuses mainly
in universities with 2,632 doctors and 17,737 masters; 647 doctors and 3,022 masters are distributed in research institutes and center; 165 doctors and 1,196 maters work in other public units In other sectors, there are very few high quality female researchers, fewer than 100 doctors in the whole country
The results of the survey on the quantitative and qualitative scale of female scientific research human resource show that the surveyed groups have made quite similar evaluation, saying that female scientific research human resource was high in number but poor in quality, representing 18/30 comments of management staff claiming that female scientific research human resource was large in number, but low in quality, accounting for 60%; Meanwhile, on this content, there are 118/270 comments of female scientific researchers agreeing, accounting for 43.7% Overall, 136 respondents were surveyed, accounting for 68.0%
In terms of the structure of female scientific research human resource, the results of the surveys confirm that female scientific research human resource concentrated in large number in the State sector, while the number of female researchers in the non-state sector and the foreign invested sectors was small; the results of the surveys have also reflected the actual situation investigated by the Ministry of Science and Technology This is exactly a matter of concern in scientific research human resource development in general and female scientific research human resource development in particular
3.2 The actual situation of implementing the state management of female scientific research human resource development in Vietnam
3.2.1 The actual situation of developing plans and strategies for, and planning female scientific research human resource development
Studying the quantitative and qualitative state of the strategies, plans and planning for female scientific research human resource development shows that most of the surveyed opinions suggested that our country did not have enough strategies, plans and planning for female scientific research human resource development, represented by 59% of respondents saying that the strategies, plans and planning for female scientific research human resource development was incomplete and poor in quality, in which such evaluation was made by 53% of male respondents, and by 59.63% of female respondents being management officers The results of this survey are also consistent with the current situation: although we have many strategies, plans and planning for HR development, most of them are general for the development of human resource of the entire country, science and technology human resources In addition, these strategies and plans are general orientations for development of both female and male human resources in scientific research Some ministries, branches and localities