genki 1 an integrated course in elementary japanese1 phần 2 potx

"It is 12:30." "I am a student." "My major is the Japanese language." These sentences will all be translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the word desu.. Note also that no

ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY

C o u n t r i e s

Ameri ka lgirisu Oosutoraria Kankoku Sueeden Chuugoku

kagaku

ajiaken kyuu keezai

ko kusaikan kee kon pyuutaa jinruigaku seeji

bijinesu

bungaku rekishi

kaishain kookoasee shufu daigakuinsee daigakusee bengoshi

o kaasan otoosan oneesan

oniisan

irnooto otooto

US-A

Britain

Australia Korea

Sweden China

science Asian studies economics international relations computer

anthropoIogy

pslitics

business literature history

job; work; occupation

doctor

office worker high school student housewife

graduate student college student

lawyer

mother

father older sister

older brather

younger sister younger brother

"It is 12:30." "I am a student." "My major is the Japanese language." These sentences

will all be translated into Japanese using an appropriate noun and the word desu

@ 9 I = U 1.3 A/ TT0 (It) is half past twelve

Juuniji han desu

(My major) 6 the Japa~lese language

Note that none of these sentences has a "subject," like the "it," "I," and "my major"

found in their English counterparts Sentences without subjects are very common in Japanese; Japanese speakers actually tend to omit subjects whenever they think it is clear to the listener what or who they are referring to

What are we to do, then, when it is not clear what is being talked about? To make explicit what we are talking about, we can say:

t3 b= G3h Z*TT, is the Japalaese kanguage

wa nihongo desu

Where stands for the thing that is talked about, or the "topic," which is later in the sentence identified as nihowo For example,

+&XI SI h, 4 it t 3 h/ :*TTa (My) major ds the Japanese langwzge

Senrnon w a nihongo desu

Similarly, one can use the pattern X wa Y desu to identify a person or a thing X as item

Wa is a member of the class of words called "particles." So is the word lzo, which we will

turn to later in this lesson Particles attach themselves to phrases and indicate how the phrases relate to the rest of the sentence

Note also that nouns like gakwee and sesee in the above examples stand alone, d i k e their English translations "student" and "teacher," which are preceded by "a." In Japanese, there is no item that corresponds to "a," nor is there any item that corresponds

to the plural "-s" at the end of a noun- Without background situations, a sentence Iike

gakusee desu is therefore ambiguous between the singular and the plural interpretations;

it rnay mean "We are/you a d t h e y are students," as well as "I am/you are/she is a student."

It is very easy to form questions in Japanese Basically, all you need to do is add ka

at the end of a statement

9 a = , P S f ( * L ~ T T ,

Ryuugakusee desu

(1 am) an iatemtGmnl sturEenf-

9 @ 3 5: < - @ L Y F & ~ ' Ryuugakusee desu ka

(Are you) a H i ~ t e m a t i o ~ a l student?

The above sentence, Ryzcugakusee desu ka, is a "yes/noW question Question sentences

may also contain a "question word" like nun2 (what) In this Iesson, we learn how to ask,

and answer, questions using the following question words: nun.; (what time), namai

(how old), nannensee (what year in school) Note carefully that the order of words in a

sentence may be quite different from what you find in your language

Senmon wa nan desu ka

What is your mior?

(+i?hS,&Ll) ;Z~\Z*TT,

(Senmon wa) eego desu

(My major) is Eytglish

'It is not customary to write a question mark at the end of a question sentence in Japanese

'The Japanese question word for "what" has k v o pronunciations: =an and naai Naa is used immediate-

ly before dmu or before a "counter" like ji (o'clock) The other form, mmi, is used before a particle

Nani is also used in the combination nanl;jin (person of what nationality)

2 fa'X/L*TTha,

Ima nanji desu ka

What time is it now?

97'.j-3ctli Q x / % ~ ~ T T 7 5 ~ ,

Mearii san wa nansai desu ka

How old are you, Mary?

QPthk*~ h ~ - p ; t r a

N annensee desu ka

What year are yo= in college?

nan desu ka lchi hachi roku no nana san yon san desu

W7uat i your Eekpkose amber? It is 186-7343

No is a particle that connects two nouns The phrase Toozai daigaku nu gakusee means

"(a) student at Tozai University." The second noun gukmes provides the main idea" (being a student) and the first one T ~ o z a i daigdku makes it more specific (not a high

school, but a college student) No is very versatile In the first example below, it acts like

the possessive ("x's") in English, but that is not the only role no can play See how it connects two nouns in the following examples

Takeshi san no denwa bangoo

be more consistent in arranging ideas here; the main idea always comes at the end, with

any further description placed before it

3Here is what we mean by the "main idea." In the phrase Tukeshi san m dmwa Bangoo (Takeshi's

phone number), the noun &wa bawgoo (phone number) is the main idea, in the sense that if something

is Takehi's phone number, it is a phone number The other noun Takeski san is not the main idea, because Takeshi's phone number is not Tak&

noun, 03 noun,

T main t idea further restriction

A phrase of the form "noun1 m noun? acts more or less like one big noun You can put

it wherever you can put a noun, as in the following example:

id Z ~- + / v - t t ~ \ l ~ ~ , O

Takeshi san no okaasan wa kookoo no sensee desu

Takeski's mather is a high school teacher

E x p r e s s i o n N o t e r a 1

-

8 D b Ano indicates that you have some reservations about saying what

you are going to say next You may be worried about interrupting some-

thing someone is currently doing, or soundkg rude and impolite for asking

personal questions, for example

[3tl/ZZb Both Rai and ee mean "yes" in response to yes-no questions

Compared to hai, ea is more conversational and relaxed In more informal

situations, ula is used

Hai is also used to respond to a knock at the door or to the calling of one's

name, meaning "Here," as follows (Ee cannot be replaced in this case.)

T A f Teacher: 7: 5 2 3 ? Mr Smith?

Sumisu san?

H ai

E3TTlj\b Soo desu ka acknowledges that you have understood what

was just said "Is that so?" or "I see."

Pronunciation of 1% b The particle t;t is pronounced "wa," not "ha." It

should be written with ki All other instances of " wa" are written with b

b f c L @I T Z 3 & 37-8667TB,

-

Watashi no denwa bangoo wa san narra no hachi roku roku nana desu

My telephone wuwber ii 37-8667

There are a few exceptions, such as kow~~zkkim (good afternoon) and

kmbomwta (good evening) They are usually written with 5, tv tZ 'It; - i2 and 7-

h,if&g

Plumbers b Many number words have more than one pronunciation Refer

to the table at the end of this book for a general picture

tf 5

13 -ED and are both commonly used

I t~%,butpronouncedas ~ I Y I i n b s 3 & & (oneminute)and t 1 ~ 2

t l (one-year old)

2 tZ all the time- When you &e reading out each digit separately,

as when you give your phone number, it may be pronounced with

a lung vowel, as tZl.1

3 "dX, all the time The part that follows it may change shape, as

in 3 A&&, instead of 3 A&&

4 L h, is the most basic, but fourth-year student is k ; B a X i - F t h and four o'clock is d; U In some combinations that we will later kam, it is read as L (as in 'L.fi%?, April) The part that folIows this number may hange shape 'too, as in k &&A

5 2 all the time When read out separately, it may be pronounced with a long vowel, as c-' 3

6 ?3 < , but pronounced as 5 9 in 5 9 &A

7 Q te is the most basic, but seven o'clock is L Ei C

8 t3 G , but usually pronounced as 6% -7 in iA d:-;, &X and $2 3 3 tl

9 3 o 5 is the most basic, but nine o?clock is < C

10 L@4, butpronouncedas C g q in C v ~ & " X / a n d U ~ 9 3 5 1

between the local exchange code and the last four digits Therefore, the

number 012-345-6789 is zero icki xi, saa yon go no, roku nana hachi kyuu

@hreLlb The word s e ~ s e e is usually reserved for describing somebody else's occupation Watashk wa s a m e desu makes sense, but may sound slightly arrogant, because the word semee actually means an "honorable master." If YOU (or a member of your family) are a teacher, and if you want

to be really modest, you can use the word kyooshi instead

&hr b Sun is placed after a name as a generic title It goes both with a given name and a family name Children are referred to as chan (and boys in

-

,.:.I :' ,

pa&culaf as kurr), rather than as sax Professors and doctors are usually

referred to with the title sensee S m and other title words are never used in

instead of I\- b 3 & , &;fcf i3 ~ 3 z - r " Y V h / T ? h ~ ~

Haato sari, anata wa sueedenjin desu ka

Japanese names b When Japanese give their name, they say their family name first and given name last Usually, they don't have middle names When they introduce themselves, they often say only their family name Here are some typical Japanese names

Family name

S t ?

Satoo TT-3 Suzuki

B k S r

Kyooko

C What are t h e answers?

(a) 5+3 tb) 9+I (el 3+4 (d) 6 - 6 (e) IO+9 ( f ) 8-7 (9) 40-25

A Look at t h e following pictures and answer the questions @

Example: Q : & \ 3 tdhL"T'P$ko

h a nanji desu ka

A : ~ ~ G L ' t & X , T T O

Ichiji han desu

B Answer the questions @

3:OO P,M

@ Thral%hZj (Telephone Numbers)

A Read the following people's telephone numbers @

A : 2 8 3 - 9 5 4 7 T T h 0

Ni hachi san no kyuu go yon nana desu ne

B : i i t b l , +?I TTo

Hai, soo desu

C Group Work-Use the dialogue above and ask three classmates their telephone numbers

Q lzlzhzlD A$< (Ll

Translate the following phrases into Japanese using (n (no) @

Example: student of the Japanese language -+ dL 13 t" Ql 21' < L \

6 student of the University of London

8 high school teacher

Look at the chart on the next page and describe each person using the cues

in (a) through (e) @

Takeshi san Suu san Robaato san Yamashita sensee

Mearii san Mearii san no senmon wa nihongo desu

I I ( Kirnura ,4$"L;t;WL Takerhi I Kim, Sue

lie, ninensee desu

Mearii san Arizona daigaku no gakusee

SUU san no senrnon keezai

Rohaato san no senrnon bijinesu

Yamashita sensee nihonjin

Yamashita sensee Hawai daigaku no sensee

Example: + %711-Sha g r - 5 ) / Y c ~ L / , L ' a i ~ a ~ $ W f ,

otoosan Mearii san no otoosan wa yonjuuhassai desu

Mary's host family

Otoosan wa nansai desu ka

3 SiP& 3 /"4a *A+kc\'C'$is.,

@ 2 &@a fib b I$ 3 (Review Exercises)

A Class Activity-Ask five classmates questions and fill in the chart below

Example questions:

;f; 3 5 2 t i ? (What is your name?)

Onarnae wa?

Doko kara kimashita ka

Senrnon wa nan desu ka

Example:

Major, etc Name

C Class Activity-Ask your classmates what their majors are, and find someone

Example: Q : *h%hla fa'&T$hao

Senrnon wa nan desu ka

Age ~ & S L \ T T ~ * , / S L \ { ~ ~ T - ~ ~ , (Howoldareyou?)

Nansai desu ka Oikutsu desu ka

-The counter suffix 3 t b is used to indicate "-years old."

'For 20 years old, t;t fi t; ~hatachil is usually used, although i= t' @ 7 3 I (nil'msai) can be used

a Mary goes to a flea market

h b j ? t \

1 % 7 l ] - :

Mearii

TA3*tt, r h i a L \ ( h - r ~ h ~ , Sumimasen Kore wa ikura desu ka

Arigatoo gozai masu

@ After shopping, Mary goes to a restaurant

i L L Z f z - ? 8 1 1 ~ ~ 3

I 5 ' ~ - b k X : ~ \ ( , q L + L \ ~ - @ ~ % = Z L - ~ Z"-j Fo

Ueetoresu I rasshaimase Menyuu o doozo

2 3 4 5 6

7 8

oishii

sakana tonkatsu niku menyuu

yasai

enpitsu

kasa kaban kutsu saif u jiinzu jisho

jitensha

shinbun teepu tokee

pork cutlet

meat menu

vegetable

pencil

umbrella bag

shoes

wallet

jeans

dictionary bicycle

newspaper

tape watch; clack

sweat shirt

* Words that appear in the dialogue

nooto Pen booshi hon

notebook pen hat; cap

restroom cafe bank library post office

C o u n f r i e s

Ameri ka

Igirisu

Kankoku Chuugoku

* L \ & - L + L \ ~ * irasshaimase Welcome (to our store)

* (- & ) -j- ( 0) onegaishimasu , please

* ( - 2 ) < f<S&\ ( O ) kuda~ai Please give me

* t " ~ a & , jaa then ; if that is the

case,

* (-4) ?!9 -P ( , 01 doozo Here it is

* Z*? % doorno Thank you

What do we do when we want to talk about things that we do not know the names of?

We say "this thing," "that one," and so forth- In Japanese, we use kwe, sore, and are

t &la L X ( b-c$-hS,

Kore wa ikura desu ka

5 A e h 2 & T $ ,

Sore w a sanzen en desu

Haw much is this?

T h t ~ 3,000 yen

Kore refers to a thing that is close to you, the speaker ("this thing here") Sore is

something that is close to the person you are talking to ("that thing in front of you"), and

There is also an expression dore for "which." Here we wiIl learn to use dore in sentences

like:

rs"ktT-j-&~,

Dore desu ka

Which one is it (that you are talking about)?

In this lesson, we will not explore the full extent to which the word dore can be put to use,

because there is a slight complication with question words like dore, Question words like

dwe and mni cannot be followed by the particle wa Instead, you must use the particle

ga and say:

- iL

Z*&hz & Q f = c ? ~ *>feTh',

~ o r e g a anata no pen desu ka

Which m e is yoiw pen?

If you want ta be slightly more specific than kore, sore, and are, you can use kmo, s m o ,

and a m together with a n m (Note here that the re series must always stand alone,

in your hand is a watch Ctokee), instead of:

Zt-lAd ~ k h T T & - o <

Kore wa ikura desu ka

you can say:

Kona tokee wa ikura desu ka

How much jS this?

HOW much is this watch?

Similarly, if you are talking about a watch that is held by the person you are talking to,

you can say:

+ a r t-$~lta ; x / - t ~ ~ x / ; ? _ ~ ~ ~ - j - ~

Sono t o k e wa sanzen en desu

That watch is 3,000 yen-

And if the watch is far from both the speaker and the listener, you can say:

& ~ r ) Z d ; f ~ \ 1 3 3&-85Lz*lP+ ( R L T T ,

Ano tokee wa sanzengohyaku en desu

That watch over there is 3,500 y m

If you already know that one of several watches is 3,500 yen but do not know which, you

Dono tokee ga sanzengohyaku en desu ka

Since dono is a question word, just like dore discussed above, we cannot use the particle

wa with it; we must use ga