genki 1 an integrated course in elementary japanese1 phần 4 pdf

The past tense versions of "X C Y TT" sentences look like the following.. That was not a Japanese movie- Jmanesb if mu want to add a quantity word like 1": i 3 to the direct object o

There's a% i n t e ~ t i o n a l student oaer there

Thwe &/are

We learned in Lesson 2 that' to ask for the location of item X, you can use the word Z+Z

(where) and say X td Z* Z Trtf hh

d l

( 7 7 F ~ - I L F ~ ~ ) & Q H * I ~ - b a%-cT0

a a

It's ifi frolzf o f that department store-

Other useful words describing locations are as follows:

~ d e r l beneath near

The restaarant is betwez the department store? and the hospital

One can use any of the above location words together with a verb to describe an event that

occurs in the place To use these phrases with verbs such as &-f f: 6 and EFg, f one will need the particle T

$~ia~\-/i";.9*>;1~7um-c% 7 - 3 k e % G 2 L f z o

The past tense f o m s of verbs look like the following, where stands for the stem of a

verb

affirmative negative

present tense - 3 s - 2 W h

1 past tense %tk

I did wo2- stvdy Jzpanese yesterday

The various details of formation of the long forms that we Iearned in Lesson 3, like the rol-verblu-verblirregular verb distinctions, all apply to the past tense fonns as well

4

Another word for "near" that is also commonly used is t; ZY <

*3oth X X Y ~9 Z fb 1) T$ and X MY 0 k L TT describe situations where two items (X and Y) are found side by side For a Y Q 9 sentence to be considered appropriate, items X and Y need to belong t o the

same category; two people, two buildings, and so forth In contrast, an item can be 1 E in relation to another item even if they are quite distinct

0 % % f;ra k 4 L nkLT3, The tekphone is by the restrom

x'd31at.r V ~ L : Q ~ T + , (odd)

The past tense versions of "X C Y TT" sentences look like the following

That was not a Japanese movie-

Jmanesb if mu want to add a quantity word like 1": i 3 to the direct object of a

serrtmce, rau ean either pHce it befare the noun, or after the particle 2

Mary waited for Takeski there for an hoar

For an approximate measurement, you can add ( h x7 after -eC hB

? A t 2 3 ~ , j a+s$E*ila7 C ~ L Y & % L ~ Lf:,

hf-L I: IIL? > X L d-," -;LW

I studied Japa~ese for about three hours yesterday-

The other meaning of Z is "together with"; it describes with whom you do something.'

% 7 ' J - 3 X / E 3 2 - 2 & Y @ ~ l = f i , 3 a T ,

- 4 - k : < I *

Mary will go to Korea with Sue

We learned in Lesson 2 that we use the particle % in reference to the second item which

shares a common attribute with the first You can also use $ when two or more people

I w m t fo Kyoto yesterday

% * % 3 c3 3 3% i=?f 3 3 t 7"z, Pmfesso~ Yamashifa w m t to Kyoto

P A L k + ? & + i ~ > - I.+? Z r *

yesferday, too

Or when someone buys, sees, or eats two or more things

Mary bogghf shoes

Mary bought a bag, too-

In both cases, t directly marks an item on the list of things or people that have something

in common Observe that $ replaces the particles 12, dr, or 2 in these sentences

You can also use t when you go to two places, do something on two different occasions,

and so forth

8 ~ o u can use Z to connect nouns only We will learn about connecting verbs and sentences in Lesson 6 '"With" as in "with chopsticks" requires another particle See Lesson 10

1 went to Kyoto last week

He went fu a party on Sunday, foo

We put $ after the particle t= in these sentences More generally, particles other than d2,

"opposite X." You may also hear another word that is used in the sense of

across, namely, X 8 Q fiht1

If something is b&ind X, or farther away from a street and cannot be

directly seen because of the intervening X, in addition to calling it X OB 5 ,

J L

you can also describe it as being X a) 5 5

3 /& 3 ) In t h e dialogues, we observe Mary's host father saying L 3 ,

and her host mother saying 21 3 k 3 is like the incredulous "what?" that

you use when you have heard something that is hard to believe 3 is used

when you have suddenly noticed or remembered something The small -;, at

are very short

=eB* b % (half) appears after the unit word like @E Thus, ''two hours

and a half" is X@Bi+ rather than I + U 3 B i

% b% b b & t b L is "hello," which is used only in telephone conversa-

tions Some people use & t % L when they place a calI Some other people

use it when they receive a call

1 P r a c t i c e

nh, L93

( T ' A $ 2 ~ & 'Ll' 9

ELI iY<

A Look at the picture and tell what you see, using & D b t or Llbb

B Answer t h e following questions

1 & Q ~ = ~ ~ & z I ~ + @ L Z 1.3 2 h 2 & 1 3 T * ' O

C Look at Takeshi's schedule for the week and answer the following questions @

Your Schedule Your Partner's Schedule

C Pair Work-Ask and answer questions to find where the buildings are

One student looks at map A The other student looks at map B (p 93) Don't

look at the other's map

Example: A : %El t3 L TT$h,

z 3 i5&

Ask where places are

A Look at the information about Prof Yamashita 25 years ago and answer the questions @

Twenty-five years ago, Prof Yamashita was

twenty-two years old

B Pair Work-Guessing game

Ask questions and find out the prices your partner h a s chosen

i I Before you start, both of you will choose one price in each row of the table and mark it

i 2 In each row, use the item and one of the four prices, make a yes-or-no-question sentence and find out which price your partner has chosen

i 3 You can ask at most two questions with one item If you have guessed col-rectly the price your partner has chosen, you score a point Your partner

i will not give away the right answer when you ask a wrong question

i 4 When you have asked questions about all the items in the table, switch roles

i with your partner and answer their questions,

i 5 Tabulate the score You win the game if you have scored higher than your partner

the items on the next page Your partner guesses what you got Answer your

Example: B : 7°t-k?2 bt$-hhlbh-il-Lkha,

A : 2 2 , & l l f A T L f t ,

L \ L \ R , hxt%X C + & 3 2 L Lo

C Look at t h e pictures in 6 and answer t h e questions @

D Look at t h e pictures above and answer t h e questions @

Pair Work-Using the expressions below, ask your partners how often they did the following activities when they were a child or in high school

B Describe the pictures using 6 @

@) &@Cl@g (Review Exercises)

hhr L w 5

B Pair Work-A and B want to play basketball together The following is A's schedule for this week (6's schedule is on p 93.) Play the roles of A and B with your partner Ask each other what the other is doing and decide on what day

you will play basketball

Example: A's Schedule

Days

Months

C~h'7 ( = A ) February Id G &:- ( ~ k fi ) August

6 < h 2 9 (*I> June U @ i 6~75~3 (-+s fi )-December

Time Words

i 2 X Z L ~ +th@&b? Ct754f9 3 2 $ a ? X

(%Q a) ( = - b a E I 8 )

the day before yesterday the week before last the month before last the year before last

yesterday last week last month last year

the day after tomorrow the week after next the month after next the year after next

'cp$%fiR?J

@ Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa

@ On Monday at school

Robert: Nice weather

Ken: Yes But it is a Little hot

Robert: Wow, beautiful sea!

Ken: Let's swim

Ken: What kind of sports da you like, Robert?

Robert: I Iike surfing Shall we do it together tomorrow?

Ken: But isn't it difficult?

Robert: No

Robert: Excuse me How much is a postcard to Britain?

Person at the post office: 70 yen

Robert: Then, two 70-yen stamps, pIease And one SO-yen stamp, please

Takeshi: Robert, thank you for the postcard Did you enjoy.the trip?

Robert: Yes The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa

Takeski: Good I like the sea very much, too Was the airline ticket expensive? Robert: No, it wasn't so expensive How was your date, Takeshi?

Takeshi:

sea

postal stamps

ticket

surfing homework

food

birthday

test weather drink postcard bus

busy (people/days)

large

interesting frightening cold (weather-not used for

objects)

fun

small boring

old (thing-not used for people)

* Words that appear in the dialogue

easy (problem); kind (person)

disgusted with; to dislike (-&<)

handsome not busy; to have a lot of free time

f z ~ h a r 9 *.i: It's okay.; Not to worry.;

Everything is under control very

what kind of

[counter for flat obi ectsl

to ((a place); as far as (a place); (a time)

There are two types of adjectives in Japanese One type is called " kl-adjectives," and the other type " 3 -adjectives," L \ and fa' are their last syllables when they modify nouns

7; % 5 12 X % ;Pd 3k & T To Professor Yamaskita ii energetic teacher

C3 Lf:+?L+?i> If& 3 ttA,Qzr

Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense (present and past), polarity (affirmative and

negative), and so forth, just as verbs do The two types of adjectives follow different conjugation patterns

LI-adjectives &\-adjectives change shape as follows You wiII want to be very careful here, because the pattern is rather complicated

It is interesting (and confusing) that the idea of past tense is encoded differently in the affirmative and the negative polarities: ( iG % L 3 ) hi 9 f= TT is "past + af firnative, "

while (i5 % t 4 ) { &I 9 2 # A T*L R is "negative+past.l"

Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly regularly The only irregularity worth noticing

at this stage is the behavior of the adjective k \ L \ (good) The first syllable of t > L l is

changed to 1 in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affinna- tive form.'

actually is exactly the same as the conjugation table of TT which follows a noun, as

The final syllable 3 is dropped in these long forms of 3-adjectives

'Some speakers follow a more regular conjugation, where C-if' is inert in both polarities For these

In this lesson, we learn two Q-adjectives that am very important from the grammatical

point of view They are %I- $ ( Q ) (to be fond of; to like), and 3 4 L 1 f 3 a') (to be disgusted

f

with; to dislike) The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms:

a p e r s o w like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other hand that is liked or disliked In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the

particles 43 and fif , respectively.'

The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person You may want b be cautious using these words in reference to your preference for a specific person, Lowever, because 7 3

TT is usually taken to be an admission of one's romantic interest.5

Let us note three more things about 3r5 3 ( G) and 3 h L ( 3 ) before we go on One, if you

T

like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of

33 3 TP and 3 b L \T$, namely, A% 3 TT and A 3 h 6 \ TT These forms are more

common than the combinations of Ef 3 ( fd: ) and 3 b r ( ) and the degree modifier

%+

Z T $, to which we wiIl turn shortly

Two, when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say:

I fieither like nor dislike (it)

Three, you can use H 3 I'd: and 3 L; L \ Q as modifiers of nouns For example, you can say

f

things like:

41n contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle CA is used instead of $5 Thus,

3 3 3 I 3 h T o 1 like vegetables, but I don't like meat

This is pnu favode T V program

If you want to say things like "very hob.'' and "a little hot," you eaxl add "degree adverbsn

like Z T $ (very) and % I 9 2 (a little; slightly) before adjectives

vRG@l$ Z T % 3 f i ~ \ T L f z o TP, sea was wry bearutifd in Okkaawa

Y 3 % b 5 k

Instead of having Z T t added to them, % -r 1 (GI and 3 L; L 1 ( 3 ) have their own inten-

sified forms, A33 3 ( 3 ) (like very much) and A 3 b L \ ( Q ) (hate)

Ms Kina hates nutto (a Japanese fermented soybean delicacy)

will get the Japanese expression far "let's , " which you can use to swgest a plan of

Shall we drink coffee at a coffee shop?

There are two important things you should b o w about cPunting items in Japanme One,

we use different n r r m k wards for different kinds of items; the words used for connting

people are different from the words used for counting books, for example Two, number wards often came wFter, rat be^ than &&re, the items cwrmted in a sentence

Lee bought three stamps

The number word, Z&, is made up of the numeral 5 and the "counter" & This counter

Note that the sentence below is also acceptable, s k c e the subject "I" is

omitted in the sentence

HEElt2KLelTT, =BEEii;t;(Wt3)KLt~TT0

I am busy on Sunday

B Change the following adjectives into the negatives @

Example: ??&> + ? T < 9 2*A

Iraa + V ~ C + W I ~ * A

C Look at the pictures below and make sentences

Ex

D Answer the following questions

E Pair Work-Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner

Example: 3 hL \ 'd:

+ & g o @ g [ i 3 h ~ r T f ~ t i ! , , ? ~ o + l i 3 3 h \ h U ( % 9

L & t < B - C #:t - - r

a * A o

F Pair Work-Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives,

and tell your partner

' 8 , * ?: q-:.,, *-PI = c ,;ji/ip 'J.,-.$ie, !

C his is ~ h & R ~ b & r i ddhh about the trip to Okinawa Look at the memo

D Pair Work-Use t h e chart below and practice a dialogue with your partner,

substituting the underlined par3s A and B are talking about A's vacation

went to a party

went to flea market ( 7 '1 -? -9 Y E )

B, Answer the questions using the given cues @

Example: Q : % 7 ' ) - $ / L i A ? f * h Q a ' X T $ - h ' ,

U t!

Ex % 7 I) -

kind beautiful interesting energetic

Example: A : 37'1-3hi3&Jr~'%3TT6'~

1: f

1 Foods: meat/ 3 7 Z 'j (fermented beans)/ice cream ( 7 4 x 7 'I - A )

4 School Work: test/~apanese class/homework

5 Drinks: sake/green tea/coffee

* If you neither Iike it nor dislike it, you can use 3-T Z 1 b & \ T h 231 d *&