TUYEN SINH 10 - HOT

Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu không thể đứng riêng một mình.. Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó = and this/ and that

SAMPLE TEST 10 A.Phonetics.( 10p)

I/ Choose the word from each group that has the underlined, italic part pronounced differently from the rest ( 5p)

1 A says B plays C rays D stays

2 A appeared B formed C imagined D vanished

3 A exchange B champagne C teacher D children

4 A sensitive B benefit C pretty D remedy

5 A oranges B figures C classes D watches

II/ Choose the word from each line that has different stress pattern ( 5p )

1 A appliance B activity C adventure D average

2 A chemical B effective C experience D biology

3 A primary B satisfy C variety D remedy

4 A compulsory B population C occasionally D immediate

5 A favorite B government C influence D identify

B Vocabulary and Grammar ( 45p )

I/ Read each of the following lists of four words and choose one word that does not belong in each list ( 5p )

1 A destroy B damage C ruin D survive

2 A been B wrote C took D sank

3 A planet B star C coast D moon

4 A television B newspaper C forum D Internet

5 A blouse B shirt C shoe D sweater

II/ Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences ( 15p )

1 To put off means ………

A destroy B postpone C cancel D wait

2 The Browns had to use all their……… to buy their house

A expense B savings C reserves D remains

3 If you take a train or a bus, you must pay a………

A trip B fee C fare D commission

4 Your brother is very tall What is his exact……… ?

A size B length C measure D height

5 Another word for fortune is ………

A rich B lucky C foreign D good

6 If Lan comes to England, it will be a good……… for her

to improve her English

A opportunity B possibility C advantage D experience

7 Please……… your hand if you want to ask the teacher a question

A rise B push C raise D lift

8 All his children speak……… English

A flowing B fluent C easy D well

9 If a bomb goes off, it………

A explodes B fails C strikes D misses its object

10 We went to the airport to ……… off a friend who was leaving for London

A tell B say C join D see

11 My sister is very……… of spiders

a A terror B terrify C terrified D terrifying

12 The chameleon is very a strange………

A creation B creator C creature D creative

13 I like this essay because it’s very………

A imaginative B imaginary C imaginable D imagination

14 Tam has a big……… of foreign coins

A collector B collection C collecting D collective

15 If we don’t……… on electricity, there will be power cut

A economic B economics C economical D economize

II/ Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences ( 15p )

1 He is a person……….friends trust him

A whom B his C whose D who’s

2 I’ve always enjoyed traveling My mother; ………., prefers tostay at home

A bit B although C however D moreover

3 I’ll give you a lift to the station if……… In a hurry

A you’re B you were C you’ll be D you’d be

4 I wish you……….leave now Can’t you stay a bit longer?

A don’t have to B didn’t have to C won’t have to D hadn’t to

5 ……….to have a lunch at 12 o’clock every day?

A Did she used B Did she use C Is she used D Was she used

6 If you worked more slowly, he……… so many mistakes

A wouldn’t make B won’t make C didn’t make D doesn’t make

7 She never let you cook the meals, ……….?

A didn’t she B doesn’t she C did she D was she

8 Stop now; you’ve done……… work for one day

A too many B plenty C quite D quite enough

9 Whenever you meet, we stop………

A talk B to take C talking D talked

10 Give her a telephone to ring……… she gets lost

A whether B unless C until D in case

11 If only I……… play the guitar as well as you!

A would B shall C could D might

12 The party, at ……….I was the guest honor, was extremely enjoyable

A which B that C who D where

13 Trung swims very well and ……….does his brother

A also B even C so D neither

14 ……….people go to soccer matches now than twenty years ago

A Less B Lesser C Fewer D Few

15 It’s……….long time since he last saw his grandparents

A such a B so C very D too

IV There is a mistake in the four the underlined parts of each sentence Find the mistake ( A, B, C or D) ( 10p )

1 If he would speak more slowly, I could understand him

4 Linh wishes that she is given a teddy bear at Christmas

Coal ( 2 ) ……… very widely as an source of energy until the end of the 19th century With the coming of the industrial revolution , it was soon realized that production ( 3 ) ………if coal was used instead of wood Nowadays , many of the huge factories and electricity generating stations ( 4 )

………to function if there was no coal

In the last forty or fifty years , however, the use of coal ( 5 ) ………

As a result , there have been changes in the coal industry It ( 6 ) ………

that more people ( 7 ) ………coal if oil and gas were not readily

available

There is mote than enough coal in the world for man’s needs for the next two hundredyears if our use of coal ( 8 ) ……… Unfortunately, however , about half of the world’s coal ( 9 ) ……….Mining much of it ( 10 )

………very expensive even if it was possible to use new equipment

1 A- passes B- used to pass C- passed D- would pass

2 A- are burning B- would burn C- have burn D- were burnt

3 A- nit used B- did not use C- not using D- was not used

4 A- doubles B- had doubled C- will double D- would double

5 A- were unable B- would be unable C- will be unable D- are unable

6 A- has declined B- will decline C- declines D- would decline

7 A- believed B- is believing C- believing D- is believed

8 A- would use B- used C- use D- will use

9 A- did not increase B- would not increase

C- does not increase D- may not increase

9 A- would never use B- may never be used

C- may never use D- would never be used

10 A- was B- used to be C- would be D- has been

II- Read the text below and decide which answer A,B,C and D best fits each space ( 10pts )

Dorchester, September 13

At six o’clock yesterday evening, the River Thames burst its ( 1 )

……… and flooded a wide area By nine o’clock the floods had reached the town of Dorchester The main street was soon ( 2 ) ……… three feet

of water Fire engines arrived quickly to pump away the water, but the heavy rain made their job very ( 3 ) ………

Mrs Rose Willow, a ( 4 ) ……… nearly 80 years old , and living alone in her cottage , was trapped upstairs ( 5 ) ……… three hours Finally , firemen, were able to rescue her with ladder and a small ( 6 )

……… “ My cat, Tibbles stayed with me all the time,” said Mrs Willow “ She ( 7 ) ……… me a lot She sat with me , so I didn’t feel afraid.”

The rain has finally stopped , the river level is falling and the weather forecast is good, ( 8 ) ……… the floods have done a great deal of damage “

Luckily, nobody was ( 9 ) ……… or injured , “ Chief Fire Office

Hawkins ( 10 ) ……… reporters, “ but it will take a long time to clear up the mess.”

1 A- shops B- hotels C- banks D- markets

2 A- over B- under C- through D- between

3 A- easy B- difficult C- quick D- clean

4 A- girl B- man C- lady D- child

5 A- for B- during C- while D- through

6 A- ship B- boat C- car D- bicycle

7 A- worried B- frightened C- bored D- helped

8 A- but B- also C- therefore D- so

9 A- burnt B- cut C- scratched D- drowned

10 A- said B- asked C- told D- spoke

III- Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each question ( 5 pts )

During the teenager years, many young people can at times be difficult to talk to They often seem to dislike being questioned They may seem unwilling to talk about their work in school This is a normal development at this age, though it can be very hard for parents to understand It is part of becoming independent , of teenagers trying to be adult while they are still growing up Young people are usually more willing to talk if they believe that question are asked out of real interest and not because people are trying

to check up on them

Parents should do their best to talk to their son or daughter about school work and future plan but should not push them to talk if they don’t want to Parents should also watch for the danger signs: some young people in trying to be adult may experiment with drugs , alcohols or smoking Parents need to watch for any signs f unusual behavior which may be connected with these and get help if necessary

1 This is from a …………

A- parents’ handbook B- school timetable

C- teenage magazine D- children’s book

2 What is the writer trying to do?

A- to be amusing B- to be argumentative

C- to be helpful D- to be apologetic

3 Why do adults sometimes find teenagers difficult?

A- Because teenagers are quiet B- Because teenagers don’t want to talk to their parents.

C- Because teenagers think adults are not honest D- Because most teenagers hate adult

4 When can you expect a young person to be more talkative than usual?

A.When people talk to them because they are really interested and not just checking

on them

B.When adults give them a lot of money to spend

C.When adults talk to them about something other than their work in school

D.When adults talk to them about drugs alcohol and smoking

5 Some teenagers experiment with drinking or smoking because

………

A- they regard it as a mark of adulthood

B- women like smoking and drinking men

C- cigarettes and alcohol are cheap

D- cigarettes and alcohol are available everywhere

IV- Read the passage below and choose the best answer for each question ( 10 pts )

A geyser is the result of underground water under the combined conditions of high temperatures and increased pressure beneath the surface of the earth Since temperature rises approximately one degree F for every sixty feet under the earth’s surface , and pressure increases with depth, water that seeps down in cracks and fissures until it

reaches very hot rocks in the earth’s interior becomes heated to a temperature in excess of

290 degrees F Because of the greater pressure , it shoots out if the surface in the form of steam and hot water

For the most part, geysers are located in three regions of the world: New Zealand , Iceland , and the Yellowstone National Park area of the United States The most famous geyser in the world is Old Faithful in Yellowstone Park Old Faithful erupts almost every hour , rising to a height of 125 to 170 feet and expelling more than ten thousand gallons during each eruption

1 In order for a geyser to erupt , ………

A- hot rocks must rise to the surface of the earth B- water must flow

underground

C- it must be a warm day D- the earth must not be rugged or broken

2 Old faithful is located in ………

A- New Zealand B- Ice land C- The United States D- England

3 Old faithful erupts ………

A- every 10 minutes B- every 60 minutes C- every 125 minutes D- every

170 minutes

4 A geyser is ………

A- hot water and steam B- cracks and fissures C- hot rocks D- great pressure

5 As depth increases ………

A.pressure increases but temperature doesn’t

B.temperature increases but pressure doesn’t

C.both pressure and temperature increase

D.Neither pressure nor temperature increases

D WRITING ( 15 pts )

I- Choose one sentence that has the same meaning as the roof ( 10 pts )

1- “ Where does your brother work?” she asked me.

A.She asked me to find where my brother works

B.She asked me to find where my brother worked

C.She asked me where my brother works

D.She asked me where my brother worked

2- Unless he apologizes, I’ll never invite him here again.

A.If he doesn’t apologize, I will never invite him here again

B.If he doesn’t apologize, I will invite him here again

C.If he didn’t apologize, I’d never invite him here again

D.If he t apologizes , I will never invite him here again

3- I’m not a millionaire, so I can’t buy you a plane.

A- If I am a millionaire, I will buy you a plane

B- If I were a millionaire, I would buy you a plane.

C- If you were a millionaire, you would buy your plane

D- If I buy a plane , I will become a millionaire

4- Although he is strong , he can’t that stone.

A- As he is strong , he can move that stone

B- Even though he is not strong , he can move that stone

C- In spite of his strength, he can’t move that stone

D- He can’t move that stone because he is not strong

5- I usually walked to school when I was in primary school.

A- I was used to walking to school when I was in primary school.B- I got used to walking to school when I was in primary school.C- I used to walk to school when I was in primary school

D- I did not usually to walk to school when I was in primary school

6- Hoa went to bed early because she was tired.

A- Hoa was tired , so she went to bed early

B- Because Hoa went to bed early, she was tired

C- Hoa was tired , but she didn’t go to bed early

D- Hoa didn’t go to bed early although she was tired

7- The boy was too fat to run far.

A- The boy was very fat and couldn’t run

B- The boy’s fatness didn’t stop him from running far

C- The boy had to run a lot because he was fat

D- The boy could run far because he was very fat

8- If he wrote to her, she would be happy.

A- She’s happy because he has written to her

B- When he wrote to her, she wasn’t happy

C- Maybe he’ll write to her , and then she will be happy

D- He didn’t write to her, so she wasn’t happy

9- Would you mind waiting outside the office?

A- Did you wait outside the office?

B- Did you see anyone waiting outside the office?

C- Will you wait outside the office?

D- Do you enjoy waiting outside the office?

10 - The tea wasn’t sweet enough for Jane to drink.

A- Jane didn’t like to drink the sweet tea

B- Jane couldn’t drink the tea She liked more sugar

C- There wasn’t enough tea, and Jane had nothing to drink

D- Jane drank some of the tea but not enough

II- Choose one sentence that has different meaning to the roof one ( 5 pts )

1 I haven’t seen Liz for six months

A.The last time I saw Liz was six months ago

B.It’s six months since I last saw Liz

C.Six months ago was the time I first saw Liz

D.I last saw Liz six months ago

2 Let’s buy some vegetables for dinner

A.Why didn’t you buy some vegetables for dinner?

B.I suggest buying some vegetables for dinner

C.Shall we buy some vegetables for dinner?

D.How about buying some vegetables for dinner?

3 Study harder or you won’t pass the exam

A.If you don’t study harder, you won’t pass the exam

B.Unless you study harder , you will fail the exam

C.If you don’t study harder, you will fail the exam

D.If you don’t pass the exam, you will have to study harder

4 John Robinson , who is our next door neighbor, is a policeman

A.We live next door to a policeman whose name is John Robinson

B.John Robinson , who works as a policeman , is our next door neighbor C.Our next door neighbor , whose name is John Robinson , is a policeman D.John Robinson is our neighbor who lives next door to a policeman

5 Despite the heavy snow, we got home on time

A.Although it snowed heavily, we got home on time

B.The heavy snow prevented us from getting home on time

C.In spite of the fact that it snowed heavily, we got home on time

D.It snowed heavily; however, we got home on time

The end - BµI TËP ¤N THI VµO LíP 10

I- Turn into passive

1 he finished his exercises on time

5 they have known him well.

II put into indirect speech.

1 he said to me, “I can’t do this test”

-> he said to me………

2 They said to him, “ we are learning english now”

->they told him………

3 she said to me, “I will go to china next week”

->She said to me………

4 they asked him, “ do you like to play this game?”

-> They asked him………

5 He said to me, “I must finish these works on time”

-> He told me………

6 She asked me , “Why do you have to do this work?”

->She asked me ………

7 They asked him, “Shall we go to the stadium tomorrow?”

-> they invited him………

8 He said to me, “Do this test again,please !“

->He requested me………

9 The teacher said to them, “Don’t make noise in class!”

10 Mary said to me, “Can I borrow your money? I want to buy this shirt”->.Mary asked me………

11 “I have some thing to show you now,” he said to me

14 “ I must go now”, The father said to us

-> The father said ………

15 “ Who put the salt in my cup of coffee?”, Asked Peter

-> Peter asked………

16 “ Why do you come here late ?”, He asked the girl.

->He asked the girl………

17 “ can you play the piano?”, She asked me

-> She asked ………

18 “ I’m having a good time here,”said Maryam

->Maryam said………

19 “ do you like pop music?” Hoa told Maryam

->Hoa asked Maryam………

20, “ Where do you live, the boy?” asked the man

-> The man asked………

III Rewrite these sentences by using BECAUSE.

1 He couldn’t meet you because of being busy

IV Rewrite these sentences by using “because of”

1 She can’t work hard because she is very old

V Use connectives to combine each pair of the sentences.

1 He is very tired He has to finish his home work.( but)->………

2 The room is very small.It is quite comfortable.( although)->………

3 I like watching TV I like going to the cinema.(and)->………

4, He got wet He forgot his umbrella.(therefore)

1 She is the nurse She takes care of me.

Rewrite these sentences

1 John smoked a lot a year ago ,but now he doesn’t smoke any more.->John used………

2 It’s time for you to go to school.

-> It’s time you………

3 How long is It since you saw Tom?

-> When………

4 please keep silent in the classroom

-> I’d rather you………

5 He can’t pass the examination

-> He wishes………

6 We can’t go out because of heavy rain

-> We wish………

7 I don’t like you to come to class late

-> I’d rather you………

8 What a pity! He can’t come here

->They started……….

14 I haven’t seen her for a long time

-> I didn’t………

15 How long have you learnt french?

-> How long ago………

16 Peter is too young to see the horror film

I Complete the following with approprlate words from the list:

Depost – Invented – Space – Clothes – Dripping – Information – Moon - Measured 1A………… faucet can waste 500 liters of water a month

2the lonma Prieta earthquake……… 7.1 on the richter scale

3if you don’t pay in advance, you must give us a 10 cent…………

4before the newspaper were…………,town criers would go though the town ringing a bell

5The word “jeans” comes from a kind of ……… that was made in Europe 6If you decide to take a ……… trip, you will have to get ready a few months before the fight

II Rewrite the following sentences as directed

1The first thing was a letter He gave me that thing (combine into one sentence, using that)

………

2you ‘re quite clever.you can do it by yourself (combine into one sentence, using

enough)

……… 3I………….(wach) this film three or four times before (combine into one sentence, using the correct tense of the verb)

4someone has brought this child up very badly (chance into the passive voice)

………

5the teacher said, “which book are you talking,john?”(chance into the reported speech) 6i have to work late tomorrow, so I can’t meet you for dinner.(rewrite the sentence, beginning with if I…)

7he said, “let’s help elderly people and war invalids with their chores.”( rewrite the sentence, beginning with he sugtgested……)

8there were fewerpeople at this meeting than at the last one.( rewrite the sentence, using not as as)

………

10he rarely gets up before 7 o’ clock,……… (using the correct tag question)

9I’ve enjoyed……(meet) you: I hope………… (see)you again (complete the sentence, , using the correct forms of the verbs)

III Read the following passage carefully and answer the question: (2 ms)

Braid produced trhe first TV picture in 1926 television was really a wonderful invention

I is amajor instrument of communication, permitting us to see as well as to hear thew performer Televion can also be said to be broadening people’s knowledge by introducingthem to new ideas

Television now plays an important part in our life It keeps us informed of of current events Every day it is more convenient to sit comfortably at home watching television than to go out for amusement elsewhere

1Was televion a wonderful invention of the twentieth century?

2What does televion help us see and hear?

3How can television broaden people’s knowledge?

4Is it more convenient to go out for amusement than to sit at home watching TV?

IV Complete the following sentences whith the words or phrases provided:

1She/ not get hurt/ she/fell down/ stairs

………

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 1-Formula

a Affirmative:

I, you, we, they + have + PP

He, she, it + has +PP

Note: PP = past participle (quá khứ phân từ) ( =V-ed: V có quy tắc, =V3: V bất quy tắc)

b Negative:

I, you, we, the + have not (haven’t) + PP

He, she, it + has not ( hasn’t) + PP

c Interrogative:

Have + I, you, we, they + P.P ?

Has + he, she, it + P.P ?

2-Use

a Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương

lai

Thường đi với: since (từ khi); for (được bao lâu)

Ex1: She has lived here since 1987

Ex2: They have swum for 1 hour

b Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, không xác định rõ thơi gian.

Thường đi với: already, ever ( before), never (before), not, yet, several times, many times

Ex1: She’s been to Japan several times.

Ex2: I have never worked in that company before

c Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra

Thường đi với: lately, just, recently, in recent weeks/ months / years

Ex1: My uncle has just come back form Americ

Ex2: They have done the assignment in recent weeks

THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE 1-Formula

Did + subject + bare-infinitive ?

Note: The simple past form of ‘to be’

* Affirmative:

You, we, they + were ;

I, he, she, it + was

* Negative

You, we, they + were not (weren’t )

I, he, she, it + was not (wasn’t)

* Interrogative

Were + you, we, they ?

Was + he, she, it ?

2-Use

a Một hành động đó hoàn tất tại một thời điểm nào đú trong quỏ khứ

Thường đi với: yesterday, last ( last week, last year ), ago (3 days ago, ), in 1999, in 1987

Ex1: She was here yesterday

Ex2: They didn’t learn Chinese 3 year ago

b Một thúi quen ở quỏ khứ.

Ex1: They often went fishing when they lived in the country

Ex2: Jack always got up at 3:00 am last year

c Một hành động đó hoàn tất trong một khoảng thời gian xỏc định trong quỏ khứ ( from to )

Ex: From 1981 to 1983, my older brother worked as a journalist

PASSIVE VOICE 1-Gerund rule

Active: S + V + O

Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)

Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì tobe phải chia ở thì đó

(PP: Past participle)

Example:

a.The simple present

She cleans the floor everyday

( S + V / Vs / es )

Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.

(S + am/is/are/ +PP )

b.The present continous.

Mr.Baker is repairing the car

Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP )

c.The present perfect

Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P )

Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP )

d.The simple past

Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)

Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP )

e.The past continuous

They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing )

Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were +

being + PP )

f The past perfect

She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm ( S+ had + PP )

Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP )

g Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used

to,

Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + bare-infinitive + object

Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul + be + past participle (+ by object).

Ex: Police will destroy these drugs

Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police.

2-Special cases

a Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2

Passive:

Cách 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2

Cách 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)

Ex: People say that he is crazy

Passive:

It said that he is crazy

He is said to be crazy

b Negatives

Ex1: No-one has cleaned the floor lately

Passive: The floor hasn’ t been cleaned lately

Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it

Passive: Nothing was done about it

- By whom was this novel written ?

- Who was this novel written by ?

d It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth

Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP

Ex: It is important to finish this exercise

It is important for this exercise to be finished

Please open the door

Let the door be opened

Ex2:

Turn on the light

You are supposed to turn on the light

f Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh)

Active:

- She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st

- S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth

Passive:

- S + have + sth + PP

- S + get + sth + PP

Ex1:

She has had someone repaint the car

She has had the car repainted

Ex2:

They got me to do the housework

They got the housework done

RELATIVE CLAUSE Introduction ( giới thiệu).

Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một mình) Nó bắt đầu bằng:

a relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.

b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.

Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything

Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing

1-WHO

* Thay cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một chủ từ.

* Lưu ý “Who” trong cấu trúc:

Noun/ pronoun (person) + who + verb

Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy

subject

→ The man who comes from Italy has met your boss

relative clause

Ex2: We have met the girl She studies in the shool

→ We have met the girl who studies in the school

relative clause

2-WHOM

* Thay cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một đối từ.

* Lưu ý: “Whom” trong cấu trúc

Noun / pronoun + whom + subject + verb

Ex1: We like the man You talked to him yesterday

* Thay thế cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases)

* Xuất hiện trong hai cấu trúc

- noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb

- noun/ pronoun whose + noun + subject + verb

Ex1: The girl looks disappoited Her examination result its so bad

The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed

Ex2: That is the girl I took her hat by mistake yesterday

That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday

4-WHICH

* Thay thể cho danh từ, địa từ chỉ vật

* Có thể làm chủ từ hoặc đối từ

* Lưu ý các cấu trúc

- noun / pronoun + which + verb

- noun/ pronoun + which + subject + verb

Ex1: She show me the table It was made by her father

She shows me the table which was made by her father

Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr Tan bought it last month

Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month ?

Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/ and that)

Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs Green worried

Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs Green worried

5-WHERE

* Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place )

* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc:

noun/ pronoun ( = a place) + where + subject + verb

Ex: We visit the hospital We were born there/in that hospital

We visit the hospital where we were born

6-WHEN

* Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ chỉ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year )

* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc :

noun / pronoun (= time ) + when + subject + verb

Ex: She will never forget the day She first met him on that day

She will never forget the day when she first met him

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1-Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (ĐKI) ( possible

condition at present or in future )

If clause : simple present Main clause : will/shall/can/may + bare-infinitive

Ex1: If it rain, we won’t go for a picnic

Ex2: Our natural resources will disappear if we do not conserve them

Notes :

- Ta có thể sử dụng mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính

Ex: If you drink, don’t drive

- Ta có thể sử dụng “should” ở mệnh đề điều kiện để tỏ ý nghi ngờ

Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back

- Dạng rút gọn ở mệnh đề điều kiện (if possible, if necessary, if so )

Ex: If necessary, I will help you

-Ta có thể sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh để thay cho mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện

Trong trường hợp này, giữa hai mệnh đề thường có các liên từ như sau: and, or, else, otherwise.

2-Điều kiện không xảy ra ở hiện tại (ĐK II) (present unreal condition )

Main clause: would/could/might + bare-infinitive

If clause: simple present

Ex1: If she had wings, she would fly to an island

Ex2: He would build more houses if he were a king

Note:

- ‘If I were you/I were in your position ’được sử dụng để khuyên nhủ.

Ex: If I were you, I would accept the invitation ( = You should accept the invitation )

- “Were to + bare –infinitive” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế động từ ở “simple past”

trong mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện

Ex: If I were to ask him nicely, he would help us

GERUND

The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a

preposition ( danh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ động, bổ túc từ, túc từ của một

động từ, hay túc từ của một giới từ)

Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund)

Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund)

Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund)

Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)

Note:

Danh động từ theo sau các động từ: to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish, to practise, to

suggest, to postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t help/stand

Lưu ý cách sử dụng của các động từ :

· Forget + to-infinitive : quên (sẽ/ phải) làm gì

Forget + ing : quên đã làm việc gì.

Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six

Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving

· Remember + to-infinitive : nhớ ( sẽ/ phải) làm gì;

Remember + V-ing : nhớ đã làm gì

Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together

Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday

· Stop + to-infinitive : dừng ( một việc) lại để làm gì;

Stop + V- ing : dừng làm một việc gì

Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet him

Ex2: The teacher asked us to stop talking

· Need + to- infinitive: cần làm gì ( active);

Need + V-ing: cần được ( passive)

Ex1: We need to repair the car

Ex2: The car needs repairing

- Lưu ý cấu trúc:

a S + spend + time + V-ing = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf

b To-inf/ V-ing + be + adj/ noun = It + be + adj/ noun + to-inf =

S + V+ it + adj / noun + to-inf

CLAUSE OF REASON

+Mệnh đề chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ lý do như BECAUSE,

AS, SINCE Ba chữ này đều có nghĩa vì, bởi vì nhưng cách dùng khác nhau.

Ví dụ:

a) Because

- Because he was sleepy, he went to bed – He went to bed because he was sleepy

Anh ấy đi ngủ vì anh ấy buồn ngủ

Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Tuy nhiên phải

chú ý nếu mệnh đề phụ đi trước phải có dấu phảy (,) ngăn cách nó với mênh đề

chính

b) As

- As she was free, she came to see me

Vì cô ấy rảnh rỗi, cô ấy đến thăm tôi

c) Since

- Since he doesn’t like music , he never goes to the concert

Vì anh ấy không thích nhạc, anh ấy không bao giờ đi xem hoà nhạc

Mệnh đề since và as luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính

+Ngoài ra, đồng nghĩa với Because, As và Since còn có Now that, So/ As Long As và

Inasmuch As.

Ví dụ:

a) Now that = Because now

- Now that Peggy has a car, she can drive to school

Vì giờ đây Peggy có xe rồi, cô ấy có thể lái xe đi học

→ Now that được dùng cho tình huống hiện tại và tương lai ( present and future

situations) Mệnh đề phụ Now that luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính

b) So/ As Long As

- As long as ( So long as) you’re not busy Can you help me ?

Vì bạn không bận rộn, bạn có thể giúp tôi ?

c) Inasmuch as

Thường được dùng trong văn viết trịnh trọng (formal writing )

- Inasmuch as the two governments could not reach an agreement, the possiblities for peace is still remote

Vì hai chính phủ không thể đi đến một sự nhất trí, khả năng hoà bình vẫn còn xa

+Ngoài các liên từ phụ thuộc ( Subordinating Conjuctions) như Because, Since, As, Now that, As long as, Inasmuch as chúng ta còn một liên từ kết hợp ( Co-ordinating

conjuctions) FOR chỉ lý do

* Liên từ kết hợp là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) và không dùng

ở đầu câu

Ví dụ:

- I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam

Tôi gọi điện cho cô ấy vì tôi muốn nói với cô ấy về kỳ thi của cô ấy

+Mệnh đề chỉ lý do còn có thể đổi ra cụm từ chỉ lý do ( phrases of reason) với because of

hoặc due to.

Ví dụ:

- Because the weather was cold, we stayed home

→ Because of the cold weather, we stayed home

→ Due to the cold weather, we stayed home

Vì thời tiết lạnh, chúng tôi ở nhà

Vì xe cộ đông đúc, chúng tôi đến buổi họp trễ

b) Because of là nhóm giới từ ( Prepositional phrase), theo sau nó là một cụm danh từ (

noun phrase)

Ví dụ:

- Because of the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting.

B-PRACTICE Conditional Sentences

VIẾT LẠI CÂU

1 You got into so much trouble because you didn’t listen to me

15 My parents do not allow me to go, so I have to stay at home

21 If I ……….a lot of money now, I ………… a new car

a have /will buy b have / would buy

c had/ will buy d had/ would buy

22 If I ………you, I ……….do that

a am/ will b were /would

c were/ will d had been/ would

23 If I were offered the job, I think I ……… it

a take b will take

c would take d would have taken

24 I would be very surprised if he………

a refuses b refused

c had refused d would refuse

25 Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down

a closes b had closed

c closed d would close

26 6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money

a gets b would get

c will get d would have got

27 They would be disappointed if we………

a hadn’t come b wouldn’t come

c don’t come d didn’t come

28 Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking?

a take b took c had taken d would take

29 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring

a will be b would be c were d had been

30 If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened

a would walk b walks c had walked d walked

31 What would happen if you ……… to work tomorrow?

a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go

32 We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out

a go b did go c went d had gone

33 If I go shopping, I ………some food

a buy b will buy

c would buy d would have bought.

34 If I find it, I ………you

a will tell b would tell c had told d told

35 What would you do if you………a million dollars?

a would win b win c had won d won

36 They ‘d be hurt if I ………

a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go

37 If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early

a would have arrived b arrived

c will arrived d would arrive

38 If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you

a will go b would go

c went d would have gone

39 If I …………., I would have said hello

a had seen b see c saw d would see

40 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired

a will go b went c would have gone d would go

41 If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures

a have b had c would have d had had

42 You won’t pass the examination………you study more

a as long as b unless c if d whether

43 If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business

a had known b knew c have known d know

44 If I were to leave my country , I ………disappointed

a probably be b would have been c will be d would be

45 If he hadn’t wasted too much time, he……….in his examination

a would fail b wouldn’t fail

c wouldn’t have failed d won’t fail

46 If I had taken that English course, I ……… much progress

a had made b would have made

c made d would make

47 If I were in your place, I ……….a trip to England

a will make b had made c made d would make

48 If I ………… you , I’d save some of your lottery winning

a be b were c am d was

49 If the car ……… larger, we would have bought it

a had been b have been c has been d been

50 If I had enough money, I ……… abroad to improve my English

a will go b should go c would go d should have go to

51 If it …… convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight

a be b was c were d is

52 If you …… time, please write to me

a have b have had c had d has

53 If you had the chance, ………… you go finishing?

a did b would c may d do

54 Trees won’t grow ……… there is enough water