AutoCad - Auto Design Softwares part 11 pps

Ve dUOng thtmg AB vuOng goc vai m~t phlmg PI P2P3.. L¢nh DV1EW Dynamic View eila ta quan sat duqc hlnh anh 3D dJng.. a day dCmg * each gqi I?nh tir menu: , - - - , Menu bar> View> Set v

9.1.2; Cac each nh.i> dii!m 3D

• Ta co cac phuC1ng phap nhtJ.p diim 3D nhu sau

- Cho t9a d~ tuy~t d6i: x,y,z

- Cho tQa d(> tucmg d6i: @x,y,z so vai diem truoc do xl,yl,zl

- Cho' tQa d(> tn,l WOllg d6i: @p<<p, z trong do: p Ii khoang each til diem vi! tai diem truoe do, cp lit gee tir trl,lc.x tai di~m ve (trong XV), con z 13 tQa d(> thee tfl,lC z

- Cho tQa d(> cAu wong d6i: @p«p<cr trong do p 13 khoang each tir diem vi! loi diem trube do, <p HI goc lit diem ve so voi tf\lc x (trong XV), a Ii goc tit m~t phing (XY) toi diem

vo (xem hinh 9·3)

- Dung phim pick chu¢t

- Dung bl) lQc tQa d(> di~m Du6i day tdnh bay CI,l the phuong phap nay

* Lt;Jc tqa 49 diim(Point Filter)

Trong qua tdnh ve, khi nh~p cae tQa d¢ diem b<,m co the dl,l'a vao tQa d(> x, ho~c y, ho~c

z cua cae diem thu¢c d6i tm;mg da co bfing each dung bl) lQc tQa d¢ diem B(> IQc nay d~c biet ti~n d~ng khi dung k€t hqp vai OSNAP MODES

Khi dang b trong mQt l~nh, ACAD yeu du nMp di~m, bI).n c6 the dap nhu sau:

+ Dap ''.X'' ho~c ",Y", ''.Z'': h1"y cimg tQa d¢ x ho~c y, Z ooa diem da co nao?

+ Dap ",XY" ho~c ".YZ", ".ZX": lay cung tQa d¢ x,y ho~c y,z ho~c Z,X v6i diem da:

co nao?

Ta xet each dung b¢ lQc diem qua cae vi dl,l sau day:

Vi d~ 1: eho kh6i h¢p, ve tfl,1 co tAm day du6i (x=xM2, Y=YMI' :z=60), chi6u cao 13 20, ban kinh Hl 40

Origln/ZAxisl3pointiEntilyNiew/X/y/Z/PrevlReslore/SavelDel/?1<World>: 0 Origin point< >: X

Of <bAt diem gifr M2>

(need yz): .Y

Of <bAt diem giila MI> (need z): 60

Command: circle

3P/2PfTIR!<Center point>: 0,0,0

Diameter/<Radius>: 40

Command: change

Select objects: 1 (last-ch<;m dubng

tron vua ve xong) Properties/<Change point>: P

Change what property(ColorJE1ev/

LAyer/LType/LtScalefThickne,,): T

New thickness< >: 20

Change what property(ColorJElev/

mai nha va ve eira MNPQ nhu sau

1 VO mai A·EFB'

Command:

LINE from point:

To point:

Of

82

Line

<dung Osnap mode/END de bat mut A'>

.XY

<Osnap mode/MID biit diem gilia ella A'D'>

(need z): 160

.XY

To point:

Of

(need z):

<Osnap mode/MID bat di~m giua cua B'C'>

.z >

Of

To point:

To point:

Command:

LINE from point:

To point:

"To point:

Command:

LINE from point:

<Osnap mode/END bat diem E>

<Osnap mode/END bi\! diem B'>

.J

<Osnap mode/END bat D'>

<Osnap modefEND bat E>

.J .J

<Osnap modejEND bat F>

To point:

<Osnap modelEND bat C>

2 Vi! eira MNPQ

Command: line

From point: YZ

of <bat dinh A>

(need x): 20

To point: @0,0,90 (diem N)

To point: yz

of <bat N>

(need xl: 60 (diem P)

Th point: xy

of <b~t P>

(need z): 0

Th point: ;,J

9.1.3 Si'1 d\1ng I~nh 'CAL {calculator) xoic dinh di~m

Hinh 1).3

Sir d~ng l?nh 'CAL e6 th~'xae dirih eae diem bang cae bieu thUe vt<; to va cae s6, de t(nh toan cae ham s6 thOng thuemg, cae phep tlnh v~c tao

o Ctic phip tinh va cae htlm thllltng g~p trong CAL

+,-0,/

()

abs(x)

abs(vector)

ang(PI,P2)

ang(vector)

dist(PI,P2)

dpl(A,PI,P2)

dpp(A,PI,P2,P3)

ill(PI,P2,P3,P4)

ilp(A,B,PI,P2,P3)

c¢ng, trlr cae 56 va vecta nha.n, chia cae 56 va vecta nh6m bi~u thuc

lGy thua ella 1 56 gia tr, tuy~t d6i cua s6 thl!c

do dai vecta g6c giua duang thing PIP2 va t~c x g6c giua 1 vecta va tn.lC x

khoimg each giaa 2 die:m Plva P2 khoang each giua die:m A V.l duang thing PlP2 khoang·cach giua di~m A va m~t phing piP2P3 giao di€m 2 duang th~ng PIP2 va P3P4

giao diem coa duang thing AB voi m~t phing PIP2P3

83

mee hay (end+cnd)/2

rad •

11m c1i~m giLra ella do~n (hang dUQ'c xac djnh bai 2 eti~m mut tim ban kfnh cung tron

pld(PI,P2,dist) tIm dj~m trcn dlf(lng thfing PI P2 vii each PI do~n Ihtmg

dist cho tmoc

r2d(x)

d2r(x)

d6i radian x sang dO d6i goc x di? sling radian quay di6m A quanh tam PI di·1 goc u

quay diem A quanh tn.lc PI P2 eli I goc a

rol(A,P I ,a.)

rol(A,PI,P2,a.)

u2w(P I)

w2u(PI)

dOi IQa di? di~m PI tlt h¢ UCS hi¢n Ihai sang h~ WCS d6i IQa di? diem PI tit h~ WCS hi¢n thai sang h~ UCS Tn!n day 13 mi?t s6 h~l.111 thOng thuang nhat(xem trong AutoLlSP)

* Cach g9i /¢Ilh CAL

Command:

»Expression:

Vi d~l 1,' Trnll vccto

cal

<nh~r vao bi~u thuc >

»Expression: ISO, I 00,-60]+11 00,200, 160]

(ISO,300, I 00)

Vi d~1 2:

Cho ttr di¢n APIP2P3, {rang eto

A(70,40, I 00), PI (0,0,0), P2(S6, I 00,0),

P3(160, IS,O) (hinh 9-4)

a Ve dUOng thtmg AB vuOng goc

vai m~t phlmg PI P2P3

b Ve duong thrmg ILt giao diem H

clla dLtang thAng AS vai m~t phang

PIP2P3

c Tim khoang each tlt chan duang

vuOng goc (K) ke tit H toi AP3 voi m~\t

ph5ng API P2

-Vo duong AB

Command: line

From point: <bAI dinh A>

To point: @0,0,-170 (di6m B)

To point: J

- Vi; duong HK

Command: line '

From point: 'cal

Hinh 9·4

»Expression: ilp(cnd,end,end,end,end) (tim giao diem 1-1)

»Select entity ror END snap: <btl! A, B,PI,P2,P3>

(70,40,0) <cho ket qua t911 dt) giao di~m H>

To point: per (ve dUOng vuOng g6c HK)

To point: J

- Tim khoang each tit K tOi mi.\t phang APIP2

»Expression: dpp(INT,END,END,END)

K

INTor

END of

65.9145

<chi van K>

<bal A, PI ,P2>

(ke! qua nay la kholmg each tit K to', m(lt phftng API P2)

Chu thich' [)ung l~nh 'CAL Iro giup khi nh(\p 11;1<1 dt) ella diQm ella llwi lflnh ve

9.2 DI!l:U KHI!l:N HlEN HINH ANH 3D

9,2.1 Di€m nhin (Vpoin!)

Trong kh6ng gian v~t th~, bi).n cOlhe thay deli diem nhln (Viewpoint) de quail sal v~t the

a vi trf thfch hQ'p bc;lO mu6n T~i do b<;tll co the thl.rc hi¢n de thay deii mai eho d6i tll'Q'ng ve

L$NH VPOINT (ChQn di6tn nhln)

* Ckh g<;>i I¢nh III menu:

Menu bar >View > Setview > Viewpoint> Set Vroint Screen menu> Display> Vpoin!

* Go I¢nh Itr ball phfm:

Command: Vpoint

Rotate/<View point.> < >:

+ Dar m~c djnh: eho diem nhil1 mai, diem dich m~c djnh Ii (0,0,0) V~y mu6n co hinh

chieu bling chQn di~m nhlo (0,0,1); mu6n co hinh chien d(mg ch<;m diem nhlo (0,-1,0); chc;m di€m (-1,0,0) cho h'inh chi€u cq,nh, va di€m (1,-1, I) eha hlnh chieu tn:le do vuong goc cI€u (hlnh 9-5)

,

mnh 9·5

+ R: cho di€m nhln mai b~ng cae g6c xoay:

Enter angle in XYplane from X axis < '>:

Enter angle from XY plane< >:

Hinh 9-6 a !fen chi ra dch xac d,nh cae goc nay

C hii thich:

p

y " " " J X

H'inh 9·6

<eho gOc xoay tir tfl:le X trong

m~t phtmg XV>

<cho goc xoay tir m ~t phling

XY len hay xu6ng>

+ N!!u l~j dong nh,ic dau tien fin Enter sc hil;11 ra m(H la han (Compass) h1nh 9-7 b'.lll chi vi~c di CO!llro qtLanh vong Iron sc chon UIlQC ui~m nhl.n \Ilong ling l\leo y h~pl

85

z

1BDO

x

Hlnh 9-7

" - 0

Ilinh 9-X

rr~=:~45' 1

30' 10' 0'

+ CO th~ eha hi~n fa la bim (hlnh 9-7), hO~IC eho di~m nhln hrmg de g6c qua hic:u do (hlnh 9-8) llt menu·

Menu bM> View> Setvicw > Viewpoint> Axes I Presels

L¢nh DV1EW (Dynamic View) eila ta quan sat duqc hlnh anh 3D d(Jng a day dCmg

* each gqi I?nh tir menu:

, - - - ,

Menu bar> View> Set view> Dview Screen menu> Display> Dview

* Go l¢nh Ill' ban phim:

Command: dview

Select object: <chQI1 cae d6i luqng>

CAmeraiTArgetlDistanceiPOintiPAiZoomiTWistiCLipiHidei

OtTiUndoi<eXil>:

Dap cae h!a ch(;m:

~ CA: eho cae goc quay camera

_ TA: quay dfch (c16i tuqng ve) quanh camera

_ D: di chuyen camera dQc tia nhln, cling 1a mode ph6i canh

_ PO: eho dj~m dich target va dicim camera

_ TW: xotl11 ho~c xoay camera eli I g6e

_ CL: dlfl1g m<)t m~t cal vuOng g6e vui tia nhln, do d6 phiin v~1 tlui phfa sal! ho;::te phfa tnr6'c m~t cat do b! ehe khuat tlly theo b<.'n It.ra ch<;m Baek/Front CGng co th6 Ilion IliOn b! chc khuat neu b~n ch<,>n OFF

Hinh 9-9 lil dui tlrqng 3D sau khi dung \¢nh Dview/ CL/Fron!

_ H: giau cae net khuA't tn~n cl6i Itrqng chQIl

_ 0: tfit mode phei dlllh

_ U: hlly be, I~nh vira lh~re hi~n

_ X: k~t thuc I~nh Dview va gilt I'.\i k~t qua cua

I¢nh nay Chu y rang tlll.tc hi¢n Dview rna b~n kh6ng

LENH PLAN

ve (diem nhin 0,0, I) theo m¢t h~ tr~c b'.\l1 chQIl

* Cach goi lenh tir menu:

Menu bar> View> Setview > Plan view

* Go l¢nh tir bim phim:

<Curen! UCS>/Ucs/World:

Hinh 9·9

+ O;:ip m~c dinh: 'hiet I~p hlnh chieu bang thee h~ UCS hi¢n hanh

+ U: ,hie' l~r hlnh chieu btlllg thee UCS da: duqc lUll tnrac do, ACAD se hoi ttn

+ W: thiell~p hinh chieu bang thee h¢ tr~c chufin

9.2.2 Che duang khuat, to bong v~t the

LENH HIDE

L¢nh nay se be di dc net khuat tren d6i tlTqng 3D (hlnh 9-10)

Chu y: TruOe khi gQi !¢nh HIDE b,.tn dn hi¢n solid dl.tng !u6i:

MQDEL> Display> Mesh

* Okh g9i J¢nh tu menu:

RENDRE> Hide

* Go I¢nh ttf ban phfm:

I-I'inh 9·10

LENH SHADE

UCS

L¢nh SHADE de: phtl len d6i ,uqng 3D bong ella mau g6c va che giau cac net khual

No kht'mg chiu anh IHrOng eua anh sang B{m ve SHADE ch'; dung de xem, kh6ng xu{!,

ra dtrqc

X7

L~NH RENDER

lo<.ti <'inh sang (hlllh 9-11 )

Hlnh 9·11

D~ d~\t c<lu hlnh render, co cae J¢nh sau day:

L¢nh LIGHT: dung d~ them vao nguon sang m6i, 10<)1 ngu6n sling, cuang di:) silng va

hi~u chinh ho~c x6" eli ngu6n S{lllg cHi co

L¢nh FINISH: de t<.to fa d.e lrau chuot eho k€t qLl~ 16 bong v;\ hi¢u chinh mall \0 eho lUng doi LUqng h¢ s6 ch6i s.ing cit? khuech Ian, cit) siing eLla anh sang b<lO qunllh, d(:t rc,mg

eho dom eh6i sang

9.2.3 Kh6ng gian v*t the (Mspacc), kh6ng gian gia.r ve (Pspacc) va viewports

1 Khong gian "(it thl va khOlJg giml giay

ve-ACAD eho b<.tn khil nang nun vi¢c (rong hai kh6ng gian: kh6ng gian V(lt the (Mspace=

Model space) V~\ khong gian giay ve hay khang gian phrmg (Pspacc= Paper space) Trong

kh6ng gian v~t tht b<;ln co th~ vc cac d6i Ilwng 2D hay 3D Con trong kh6ng ginn giay ve

Khi chuyen cl6i gii1a Mspacc va Pspacc, ACAD se nhttc b<.111 d~t bien h¢ thong

TILE-MODE i OFF(O) va goi ienh MSPACE hal' PSPACE

y

W

x

Msp<1cC icon

x

I'space il:on Hlnh 9-12

LENH MSPACE&PSPACE

* each gQi l¢nh MSPACE, PSPACE IiI menu:

Menu bar> View> Model space /paper space

Screen menu> Display> Mview > Mspacc !pspace '

Command: mspacc (ho~c pspace)

Ghi ch(i:

+ Bl,In c6 th~ chuytn dbi giua kh6ng gian v~t the va khOn - g gian gifly vi: bang dieh th"y dOi gia tr! cua

hien TILEMODE 0/1

+ , - nnh 9~ 12 Iii de bieu lltt;1ng (icon) ell<l kh6ng gian v~t Ihtf va khOng gian giay ve

2 Viewports

hay toan b¢ m~m hlnh ACAD eho phep b~n rna cae viewports cung m¢t hie M6i viewport

co the chQn diem nh'ill vpoin! khac nhau de c6 hl11h chieu dung, hinh chieu btmg, hlnh chieu

q.nh, hlnh nOi, vv eua v~t Ih~ 3~

LENH VPORTS

L¢nh nay chi thL.rc hi¢n khi bien TILEMODE Ht ON(I); no t;w ra cae khung nhlll eo dinh ke nhall

Save / RestorelBelete / Single l ? / 2 / <3> / 4:

-rQ}

IS]

I:)

~

fh

_,_~d " _yports _

Sa~e/Restare/Delete/Join/SIngle/?/2/<3>/4 3

': '-60~317127984a9.bjjOCib' ,.-, < = - " " - -I:,~!, ftRIOiOFITI !' J F'1,~;;jAP[Mb'6EL iTill

ff~Stalll!f~oItWQld C9.Do'f1lS'!Aut!lCAO -(Drawing >

Hlnh 9-13: Dung I~~h Vports 1'.10 3 vicwports k ~ nhau

uioCAO

pOlis:

ayoul:

Save ";

Retlme Oelete

m

ingle

1

•

Horizont el'tical bove Below left Right

8 1