turn round phrasal verb to move your head or body so that you face in another direction turn back phrasal verb to turn round and go back in the opposite direction... turn on phrasal verb
Trang 1treat 339 triumph
the British Museum 쑗 They are diving in
the Caribbean looking for pirates’
treasure.
treat
treat /
gives pleasure 쑗 It’s always a treat to sit
down quietly at home after a hard day in
the shop 쐽 verb 1 to deal with
some-one or something 쑗 She was badly
treat-ed by her uncle 쑗 It you treat the staff
well they will work well 쑗 He didn’t
treat my suggestion seriously 2. to give
medical help to a sick or injured person
쑗 After the accident some of the
passen-gers had to be treated in hospital for
cuts and bruises 쑗 She is being treated
for rheumatism.
treatment
treatment /
behaving towards something or
some-one 쑗 The report criticised the
treat-ment of prisoners in the jail 쑗 What
sort of treatment did you get at school?
2. a way of looking after a sick or
in-jured person 쑗 He is having a course of
heat treatment 쑗 The treatment for skin
cancer is very painful.
tree
tree /
thick trunk, branches and leaves 쑗 The
cat climbed up an apple tree and
couldn’t get down 쑗 In autumn, the
leaves on the trees in the park turn
brown and red 쑗 He was sheltering
un-der a tree and was struck by lightning.
tremble
tremble / trembəl/ verb to shake
be-cause you are cold or afraid, or worried
by something 쑗 She was trembling with
cold 쑗 I tremble at the thought of how
much the meal will cost.
tremendous
tremendous /tr mendəs/ adjective
very big 쑗 There was a tremendous
ex-plosion and all the lights went out 쑗
There’s tremendous excitement as we
wait for the election result.
trend
trend /trend/ noun a general tendency 쑗
There is a trend away from small local
food stores 쑗 The government studies
economic trends to decide whether to
raise taxes or not.
trial
trial / traəl/ noun 1 a court case held
be-fore a judge 쑗 The trial will be heard
next week 2 the act of testing
some-thing 쑗 The new model is undergoing its
final trials.
triangle
triangle / traŋ'əl/ noun a shape with
three straight sides and three angles 쑗
The end of the roof is shaped like a tri-angle.
tribe
tribe /trab/ noun a group of people with
the same race, language and customs 쑗
She went into the jungle to study the jun-gle tribes.
trick
trick /trk/ noun a clever act to deceive or
confuse someone 쑗 The recorded sound
of barking is just a trick to make bur-glars think there is a dog in the house 쐽
verb to deceive someone 쑗 We’ve been tricked, there’s nothing in the box.
trickle
trickle / trk(ə)l/ verb to flow slowly or
gently 쑗 Water trickled out of the cave.
tricky
tricky / trki/ adjective requiring a lot of
skill, patience or intelligence 쑗 Getting the wire through the little hole is quite tricky.
tried
tried /¯(,`./`/ past tense and past participle
of try
tries
tries /traz/ 3rd person singular present
of try
trigger
trigger / tr'ə/ noun the part of a gun
that you pull to fire it 쑗 He pointed the gun at her and pulled the trigger.
trim
trim /trm/ verb to cut something to make
it tidy 쑗 Ask the hairdresser to trim your beard (NOTE: trims – trimming – trimmed) 쐽 adjective 1 cut short to
give a tidy appearance 쑗 She always
keeps her hedges trim 2 slim and fit 쑗
He keeps himself trim by going for a long walk every day (NOTE: trimmer – trimmest)
trip
trip /trp/ noun a short journey 쑗 Our trip
to Paris was cancelled 쑗 We’re going
on a trip to the seaside 쐽 verb to catch your foot in something so that you
al-most fall down 쑗 She tripped as she was coming out of the kitchen with a tray of food (NOTE: trips – tripping – tripped)
trip over phrasal verb to catch your
foot in something so that you fall 쑗 She was running away from him when she tripped over.
triumph
triumph / tramf/ noun a great victory
or great achievement 쑗 They scored a triumph in their game against the
Trang 2triumphant 340 T-shirt
French 쑗 The bridge is a triumph of
modern engineering.
triumphant
triumphant /tra mfənt/ adjective
happy or proud because you have won
trod
trod /trɒd/ past tense of tread
trodden
trodden / trɒd(ə)n/ past participle of
tread
trolley
trolley / trɒli/ noun a small vehicle on
wheels which is designed to be pushed
쑗 They put the piano onto a trolley to
move it out of the house.
troop
troop /
ple 쑗 She took a troop of schoolchildren
to visit the museum 쐽 plural noun
troops soldiers 쑗 Enemy troops
occu-pied the town.
tropical
tropical / trɒpk(ə)l/ adjective relating
to hot countries 쑗 In tropical countries
it is always hot.
trot
trot /trɒt/ noun the action of running with
short regular steps, like a horse does 쑗
Let’s start today’s exercises with a short
trot round the football field 쐽verb to
run with short regular steps 쑗 We’ve got
no butter left, so I’ll trot off to the shop
to buy some 쑗 She trotted down the
path to meet us (NOTE: trots – trotting
– trotted)
trouble
trouble / trb(ə)l/ noun problems or
worries 쑗 The trouble with old cars is
that sometimes they don’t start 쑗 The
children were no trouble at all 쑗 We are
having some computer trouble or some
trouble with the computer 쐽 verb to
make someone feel worried 쑗 I can see
that there’s something troubling him.
trousers
trousers / traυzəz/ plural noun clothes
which cover your body from the waist
down, each leg separately 쑗 He tore his
trousers climbing over the fence 쑗 She
was wearing a red jumper and grey
trousers 쑗 He bought two pairs of
trou-sers in the sale.
truck
truck /trk/ noun a goods vehicle used
for carrying heavy loads (informal) 쑗
Trucks thundered past the house all
night 쑗 They loaded the truck with
bricks.
true
true /
to facts or reality 쑗 What he says is
sim-ply not true 쑗 It’s quite true that she
comes from Scotland 쑗 Is it true that
he’s been married twice? 쒁 truth 2.
faithful or loyal 쑗 an expression of true love 쑗 She’s a true friend 앳 to come true to happen as was predicted 쑗 Her forecast of bad storms came true 앳 true
to life like things really are
truly
He truly believes that was what hap-pened 쑗 I’m truly grateful for all your help 쑗 Do you love me, really and tru-ly?
trumpet
trumpet / trmpt/ noun a brass musical instrument which is played by blowing, with three parts which you press with
your fingers 쑗 He plays the trumpet in the school orchestra 쑗 She practises the trumpet in the evenings.
trunk
trunk /trŋk/ noun 1 the thick stem of a
tree 쑗 Ivy was climbing up the trunk of
the oak tree 2 an elephant’s long nose
3. a large box for storing or sending
clothes 쑗 They sent a trunk of clothes in advance to the new house.
trust
trust /trst/ verb to be confident that
someone is reliable 쑗 You can trust his instructions – he knows a lot about com-puters 쑗 I wouldn’t trust him farther than I could kick him 쐽noun a belief that something will work well or that
someone will do something 쑗 Don’t put too much trust in his navigating skills.
truth
Do you think he is telling the truth? 쑗
The police are trying to work out the truth about what happened 쑗 I don’t think there is any truth in his story.
truthful
truthful /
ways tells the truth 쑗 She’s a very
truth-ful child 2 giving true facts 쑗 To be truthful, I’m not quite sure where we are 쑗 The young man gave a truthful account of what happened.
try
try /tra/ verb to make an effort to do
something 쑗 You have to try hard if you want to succeed (NOTE: tries – trying – tried) 쐽noun an attempt to do
some-thing 쑗 She’s going to have a try at wa-ter skiing 쑗 He had two tries before he passed his driving test (NOTE: The
plu-ral is tries.)
T-shirt
T-shirt /
teeshirt 쑗 She was wearing jeans and a
Trang 3tube 341 turn
T-shirt 쑗 No wonder you’re cold if you
went out in just a T-shirt.
tube
tube /
rying liquids or gas 쑗 He was lying in a
hospital bed with tubes coming out of
his nose and mouth 쑗 Air flows down
this tube to the face mask 2 a soft
con-tainer for a soft substance like
tooth-paste, which you squeeze to get the
sub-stance out 쑗 I forgot to pack a tube of
toothpaste 쑗 I need a tube of glue to
mend the cup 쑗 She bought a tube of
mustard 3 (in London) the
under-ground railway system 쑗 It’s quicker to
take the tube to Oxford Circus than to go
by bus 쑗 You’ll have to go by bus
be-cause there’s a tube strike.
tuck
tuck /tk/ verb to put something
careful-ly into a narrow or small place 쑗 She
tucked the blanket around the baby 쑗
He tucked the note into his shirt pocket.
tuck in phrasal verb 1 to fold
some-thing carefully around someone or
something and push the ends in 쑗 She
tucked the baby in or She tucked the
blanket in (around the baby) 2 to start
eating enthusiastically 쑗 The food’s
ready, everyone can tuck in 쑗 We all
tucked in to a huge lunch.
tuck up /tk p/ to push the edge of
the bedclothes around someone to keep
them warm 쑗 By eight o’clock the
chil-dren were all tucked up in bed.
Tuesday
Tuesday /
day of the week, the day between
Mon-day and WednesMon-day 쑗 I saw him in the
office last Tuesday 쑗 The club always
meets on Tuesdays 쑗 Shall we meet next
Tuesday evening? 쑗 Today is Tuesday,
April 30th 쑗 The 15th is a Monday, so
the 16th must be a Tuesday 쑗 We went
to the cinema last Tuesday.
tug
tug /t'/ verb to give something a sudden
hard pull 쑗 He tugged on the rope and a
bell rang (NOTE: tugs – tugging –
tugged) 쐽 noun a sudden pull 쑗 He felt
a tug on the line – he had caught a fish!
tumble
tumble / tmbəl/ verb to fall 쑗 He
tum-bled down the stairs head first 쑗 She
arrived home late after the party and
just tumbled into bed.
tune
tune /
notes which have a pattern 쑗 He wrote
some of the tunes for the musical 쑗 She walked away whistling a little tune.
tunnel
tunnel / tn(ə)l/ noun a long passage
un-der the ground 쑗 The Channel Tunnel links Britain to France 쑗 The road round Lake Lucerne goes through six tunnels 쑗 They are digging a new tun-nel for the underground railway.
turkey
turkey / similar to a chicken but much bigger,
of-ten eaof-ten at Christmas 쑗 We had roast turkey and potatoes 쑗 Who’s going to carve the turkey?
Turkey
Turkey / eastern Mediterranean, south of the Black Sea (NOTE: capital: Ankara; peo-ple: the Turks; language: Turkish; currency: Turkish lira)
turn
turn /
especially of a vehicle 쑗 The bus made
a sudden turn to the left 2 a road which
leaves another road 쑗 Take the next turn
on the right 쐽 verb 1 to go round in a
circle 쑗 The wheels of the train started
to turn slowly 쑗 Be careful – the ma-chine goes on turning for a few seconds
after it has been switched off 2 to make
something go round 쑗 Turn the handle
to the right to open the safe 3 to change
direction 쑗 Turn left at the next traffic lights 쑗 The car turned the corner too fast and hit a lamppost 쑗 The path
turns to the right after the pub 4 to
move your head or body so that you face
in another direction 쑗 Can everyone
turn to look at the camera, please 5 to
change into something different 쑗
Leaves turn red or brown in the autumn.
쑗 When he was fifty, his hair turned grey.
turn into phrasal verb 1 to change to
become something different 쑗 The witch turned the prince into a frog 쑗
We are planning to turn this room into a
museum 2 to change direction and go
into something 쑗 We went down the main road for a short way and then turned into a little lane on the left.
turn round phrasal verb to move your head or body so that you face in another direction
turn back phrasal verb to turn round and go back in the opposite direction
Trang 4turning 342 twirl turn down phrasal verb to refuse
something which is offered 쑗 She has
turned down a job or turned a job down
in the town hall.
turn off phrasal verb 1 to make a piece
of electrical equipment stop working 쑗
Don’t forget to turn the TV off when you
go to bed 쑗 Turn off the lights or turn
the lights off – father’s going to show
his holiday films 2 to leave a road you
are travelling on 쑗 Here’s where we
turn off.
turn on phrasal verb to make a piece of
electrical equipment start working 쑗
Can you turn the light on or turn on the
light – it’s too dark to read.
turn over phrasal verb to roll over 쑗
The lorry went round the corner too fast
and turned over 쑗 Their boat turned
over in the storm.
turn up phrasal verb 1 to arrive 쑗 The
food was spoiled because half the guests
didn’t turn up until nine o’clock 쑗 He
turned up unexpectedly just as I was
leaving the office 2 to be found in a
particular place 쑗 The police searched
everywhere, and the little girl finally
turned up in Edinburgh 쑗 The keys
turned up in my trouser pocket 3 to
make something louder or stronger 쑗
Can you turn up the radio or turn the
ra-dio up – I can’t hear it 쑗 Turn up the
gas or turn the gas up, the potatoes
aren’t cooked yet.
turning
turning /
away from another road
tutor
tutor /
a person who teaches only one student
or a small group of students 쑗 His first
job was as private tutor to some
Ger-man children 쐽verb to teach a small
group of students (formal) 쑗 She earns
extra money by tutoring foreign students
in English.
TV
watch TV every night 쑗 The TV news is
usually at nine o’clock 쑗 Some
chil-dren’s TV programmes are very dull 쑗
The daughter of a friend of mine was on
TV last night.
twelfth
twelfth /twelfθ/ adjective number 12 in
a series 쑗 It’s her twelfth birthday next
week 쑗 He came twelfth out of two hun-dred in the competition 쐽 noun the
thing that is number 12 in a series 쑗 To-day is September the twelfth or the twelfth of September (September 6th).
twelve
twelve /twelv/ noun the number 12 쑗
She’s twelve (years old) tomorrow 쑗
Come round for a cup of coffee at twelve o’clock 쑗 There are twelve months in a year.
twentieth
twentieth / twentəθ/ adjective number
20 in a series 쑗 She was twentieth out of twenty in the race 쑗 It’s her twentieth birthday on Wednesday 쐽 noun the
thing that is number 20 in a series 쑗 To-day is December the twentieth or the twentieth of December (December 20th).
twenty
twenty / twenti/ noun the number 20 쑗
She’s twenty (years old) next week 쑗
They have over twenty pets (NOTE:
twenty-one (21), twenty-two (22) etc., but first (21st), twenty-second (22nd), etc.) 왍 he’s in his twenties he is between 20 and 29 years
old 왍 the (nineteen) twenties (1920s)
the years from 1920 to 1929
twice
twice /twas/ adverb two times 쑗 Turn it off – I’ve seen that programme twice al-ready 쑗 Twice two is four, twice four is eight 쑗 I’m fifteen, she’s thirty, so she’s twice as old as I am.
twig
twig /tw'/ noun a little branch of a tree
or bush 쑗 There is a bud at the end of each twig 쑗 The bird made its nest of twigs and leaves.
twilight
twilight / twalat/ noun a time when the light is weak, between sunset and night
twin
twin /twn/ adjective, noun one of two babies born at the same time to the same
mother 쑗 he and his twin brother 쑗
She’s expecting twins.
twinkle
twinkle / twŋkəl/ verb (of stars or eyes) to shine with a little moving light
쑗 His eyes twinkled as he showed the children the sweets he had bought 쑗 We could see the lights of the harbour twin-kling in the distance.
twirl
twirl /
round in your hand 쑗 I wish I could twirl
a baton like those girls in the
Trang 5proces-twist 343 tyre
sion 2 to spin round 쑗 Models twirled
round on the catwalk.
twist
twist /twst/ verb 1 to wind something
round something 쑗 She twisted the
string round a piece of stick 2 to turn in
different directions 쑗 The path twisted
between the fields.
two
only two peppermints left in the box 쑗
His son’s only two (years old), so he
can’t read yet 쑗 She didn’t come home
until after two (o’clock).
tying
tying / taŋ/ present participle of tie
type
type /tap/ noun a group of people,
ani-mals or things that are similar to each
other 쑗 This type of bank account pays
10% interest 쑗 What type of
accommo-dation are you looking for? 쐽verb to
write with a computer or typewriter 쑗
Please type your letters – your writing’s
so bad I can’t read it 쑗 She only typed two lines and made six mistakes.
typewriter
typewriter / tapratə/ noun a machine which prints letters or numbers on a piece of paper when keys are pressed
typical
typical / tpk(ə)l/ adjective having the usual qualities of a particular group or
occasion 쑗 Describe a typical day at school 쑗 He’s definitely not a typical bank manager.
tyre
tyre / taə/ noun a ring made of rubber
which is put round a wheel 쑗 Check the pressure in the car tyres before starting
a journey 쑗 They used an old tyre to make a seat for the garden swing.
Trang 6u
u /
the alphabet, between T and V
ugly
ugly / 'li/ adjective unpleasant to look
at 쑗 What an ugly pattern! 쑗 The part of
the town round the railway station is
even uglier than the rest (NOTE: uglier
– ugliest)
UK
UK abbr United Kingdom 쑗 Exports from
the UK or UK exports rose last year.
umbrella
umbrella /m brelə/ noun a round
frame covered with cloth which you
hold over your head to keep off the rain
쑗 Can I borrow your umbrella? 쑗 As it
was starting to rain, he opened his
um-brella 쑗 The wind blew my umbrella
in-side out.
unable
unable /n eb(ə)l/ adjective not able to
do something 쑗 I regret that I am unable
to accept your suggestion 쑗 She was
unable to come to the meeting (NOTE:
be unable to is a rather formal way of
saying can’t.)
unattractive
unattractive /nə trktv/ adjective
not attractive 쑗 Her husband is a rather
unattractive man 쑗 The house is
unat-tractive from the outside.
unbearable
unbearable /n beərəb(ə)l/ adjective
so bad that you cannot accept it or deal
with it
unbelievable
unbelievable /nb
tive which is difficult to believe
unbreakable
unbreakable /n brekəb(ə)l/
adjec-tive which cannot be broken
uncertain
uncertain /n
sure, or not decided 쑗 She is uncertain
whether to accept the job 쑗 He’s
uncer-tain about what to do next 쑗 Their
plans are still uncertain.
uncle
uncle / ŋk(ə)l/ noun a brother of your
father or mother 쑗 He was brought up
by his uncle in Scotland 쑗 We had a
surprise visitor last night – old Uncle
Charles.
uncomfortable
uncomfortable /n kmftəb(ə)l/ ad-jective not comfortable 쑗 What a very uncomfortable bed! 쑗 Plastic seats are very uncomfortable in hot weather.
uncommon
uncommon /n kɒmən/ adjective strange or unusual
uncommunicative
much, or not answering people
uncomplicated
uncomplicated /n kɒmplketd/ adjective easy to deal with or
under-stand 쑗 In children’s books, the writing should be clear and uncomplicated 쑗
The procedure is relatively quick and uncomplicated.
unconscious
unconscious /n kɒnʃəs/ adjective in
a physical condition in which you are
not aware of what is happening 쑗 He was found unconscious in the street 쑗
She was unconscious for two days after the accident.
uncontrolled
uncontrolled /nkən trəυld/ adjec-tive which has not been controlled
under
under / ndə/ preposition 1 in or to a
place where something else is on top or
above 쑗 We all hid under the table 쑗
My pen rolled under the sofa 2 less
than a number 쑗 It took under two weeks to sell the house 쑗 The train goes
to Paris in under three hours 쑗 Under half of the members turned up for the meeting 쑗 The old table sold for under
£10.
underground
underground 1 /ndə 'raυnd/ adverb
under the ground 쑗 The ordinary rail-way line goes underground for a short distance 쑗 Worms live all their life un-derground 쐽 adjective built under the
ground 쑗 There’s an underground pas-sage to the tower 쑗 The hotel has an un-derground car park.
underground
underground 2 / ndə'raυnd/ noun a railway in a town, which runs under the
ground 쑗 Thousands of people use the underground to go to work 쑗 Take the
Trang 7underline 345 unfriendly
underground to go to Oxford Circus 쑗
It’s usually quicker to get across town
by underground (NOTE: The London
Underground is often called the Tube.
In the United States, an underground
railway is called a subway.)
underline
underline verb to write a line under a
word or figure 쑗 He wrote the title and
then underlined it in red.
underneath
underneath /ndə
under 쑗 She wore a long green jumper
underneath her coat 쑗 Can you see if
my pen is underneath the sofa? 쐽
ad-verb under 쑗 He put the box of books
down on the kitchen table and my
sand-wiches were underneath!
understand
understand /ndə stnd/ verb 1 to
know what something means 쑗 Don’t
try to talk English to Mr Yoshida – he
doesn’t understand it 2 to have
sympa-thy for someone 쑗 She’s a good teacher
– she really understands children 3 to
know why something happens or how
something works 쑗 I can easily
under-stand why his wife left him 쑗 I still
don’t understand how to operate the
new laser printer (NOTE: understands
– understanding – understood
/ndə stυd/)
understanding
understanding /ndə stndŋ/ noun
1. the ability to understand something 쑗
My understanding of how the Internet
works is severely limited 2 sympathy
for someone else and their problems 쑗
The boss showed no understanding
when she told him about her financial
difficulties 쑗 The aim is to promote
un-derstanding between the two countries.
3. a private agreement 쑗 We reached an
understanding with the lawyers 쑗 The
understanding was that we would all go
to the office after lunch 쐽 adjective
sympathetic 쑗 His understanding
atti-tude was much appreciated.
underwater
underwater /ndə
below the surface of the water 쑗 How
long can you stay underwater? 쑗 He
dived and swam underwater for several
seconds 쑗 She goes on holiday to the
Red Sea to do underwater photography.
underwear
underwear / ndəweə/ noun clothes
worn next to your skin under other
clothes ( : no plural)
undo
undo /n
which is tied or fastened 쑗 The first thing he did on getting home was to undo his tie 쑗 Undo your top button if your collar is too tight (NOTE: undoes
/n dz/ – undid /n dd/ – undone
/n dn/)
undress
undress /n dres/ verb to take your clothes off
undressed
undressed /n drest/ adjective having
just taken off your clothes 쑗 The chil-dren are getting undressed ready for bed 쑗 Are you undressed yet?
uneasy
uneasy /n
worried (NOTE: uneasier – uneasiest)
unemployed
unemployed /nm plɔd/ adjective
without a job 쑗 The government is en-couraging unemployed teenagers to ap-ply for training grants.
unemployment
unemployment /nm plɔmənt/ noun a lack of work 쑗 The unemploy-ment figures or the figures for unem-ployment are rising.
uneven
uneven /n
smooth or flat
unexpected
unexpected /nk spektd/ adjective which is surprising and not what was
expected 쑗 We had an unexpected visit from the police 쑗 His failure was quite unexpected.
unexpectedly
unexpectedly /nk spektdli/ ad-verb in an unexpected way
unfair
unfair /n feə/ adjective not fair 쑗 It’s unfair to expect her to do all the house-work while her sisters don’t lift a finger
to help.
unfairly
unfairly /n feəli/ adverb in an unfair way
unfairness
unfairness /n feənəs/ noun lack of justice or fairness
unfortunate
unfortunate /n
which makes you sad 쑗 It was very un-fortunate that she couldn’t come to see us.
unfortunately
unfortunately /n
verb which you wish was not true 쑗 Un-fortunately the train arrived so late that she missed the meeting.
unfriendly
unfriendly /n frendli/ adjective not acting like a friend (NOTE: unfriendlier – unfriendliest)
Trang 8ungrateful 346 unnecessary
ungrateful
ungrateful /n 'retf(ə)l/ adjective not
grateful
unhappily
unhappily /n hpli/ adverb in a sad
way
unhappy
unhappy /n hpi/ adjective sad, not
happy 쑗 He’s unhappy in his job
be-cause his boss is always criticising him.
쑗 She looked very unhappy when she
came out of the hospital 쑗 The children
had an unhappy childhood (NOTE:
un-happier – unhappiest)
unhealthy
unhealthy /n helθi/ adjective not
healthy, especially often ill 쑗 I thought
her face was an unhealthy colour.
(NOTE: unhealthier – unhealthiest)
uniform
uniform /
clothes worn by all members of an
or-ganisation or group 쑗 He went to the
fancy dress party dressed in a
police-man’s uniform 쑗 Who are those people
in French army uniform? 쑗 What colour
is her school uniform? 쑗 The holiday
camp staff all wear yellow uniforms.
unimportant
unimportant /nm
tive not important
union
union /
joined together, or the process of joining
together 쑗 We support the union of these
various groups under one umbrella
or-ganisation.
unique
unique /
anything else and therefore the only on
of its type 쑗 The stamp is unique, and so
is worth a great deal 쑗 He’s studying
the unique vegetation of the island.
unit
unit /
thing larger 쑗 If you pass three units of
the course you can move to the next
lev-el 2 one piece of furniture which can
be matched with others 쑗 The kitchen is
designed as a basic set of units with
more units which can be added later 3.
the amount used to measure something
쑗 Kilos and pounds are units of weight.
4. a single number less than ten 쑗 63 has
six tens and three units.
unite
unite / nat/ verb to join together into
a single body
united
united / natd/ adjective joined
to-gether as a whole 쑗 Relief workers from
various countries worked as a united
team 쑗 They were united in their desire
to improve their working conditions.
universal
universal /
which is understood or experienced by
everyone in the world 쑗 There is a uni-versal hope for peace in the region.
universe
universe / everything that exists in it, including the earth, the planets and the stars
university
university /
cational institution where students study for degrees and where students and
teachers do research 쑗 You need to do well at school to be able to go to univer-sity 쑗 My sister is at university (NOTE:
The plural is universities.)
unkind
unkind /n kand/ adjective acting in an
unpleasant way to someone 쑗 It was un-kind of him to keep talking about her weight (NOTE: unkinder – unkindest)
unkindness
unkindness /n kandnəs/ noun the action of treating someone unpleasantly
unless
unless /ən les/ conjunction except if 쑗
Unless we hear from you within ten days, we will start legal action 쑗 I think they don’t want to see us, unless of course they’re ill.
unlike
unlike /n lak/ adjective, preposition 1.
totally different from 쑗 He’s quite
un-like his brother 2 not normal or typical
unlikely
unlikely /n lakli/ adjective 1 not
like-ly 쑗 It’s unlikely that many people will
come to the show 2 which is probably
not true 쑗 He trotted out some unlikely excuse about how his train ticket had been eaten by the dog.
unlimited
unlimited /n lmtd/ adjective with
no limits
unload
unload /n ləυd/ verb to remove a load from a vehicle
unlock
unlock /n lɒk/ verb to open something which was locked
unluckily
unluckily /n lkli/ adverb with bad luck
unlucky
unlucky /n lki/ adjective not lucky, or bringing bad luck (NOTE: unluckier – unluckiest)
unnecessary
unnecessary /n nesəs(ə)ri/ adjective which is not needed, or which does not
have to be done 쑗 It is unnecessary for
Trang 9unoccupied 347 upset
you to wear a suit to the party 쑗 She
makes a lot of unnecessary phone calls.
unoccupied
unoccupied /n ɒkjυpad/ adjective
not being used by anyone
unpack
unpack /n pk/ verb to take things out
of cases in which they were sent or
car-ried
unpleasant
unpleasant /n plez(ə)nt/ adjective
not pleasant 쑗 There’s a very
unpleas-ant smell in the kitchen 쑗 Try not to be
unpleasant to the waitress.
unreasonable
unreasonable /n
jective not reasonable or fair
unselfish
unselfish /n selfʃ/ adjective thinking
only of other people
unsightly
unsightly /n satli/ adjective very
un-pleasant to look at 쑗 She has an
unsight-ly scar on her face.
unsuccessful
unsuccessful /nsək sesf(ə)l/
adjec-tive which does not succeed
unsuitable
unsuitable /n
not suitable
unsure
unsure /n ʃυə/ adjective not sure 쑗 She
was unsure whether to go to work or to
stay at home 쑗 I’m unsure as to which
route is the quickest.
untidy
untidy /n tadi/ adjective not tidy
(NOTE: untidier – untidiest)
untie
untie /n ta/ verb to open something
which is tied with a knot (NOTE: unties
– untying – untied)
until
until /n tl/ conjunction up to the time
when 쑗 She was perfectly well until she
ate the strawberries 쑗 He blew his
whistle until the police came 쐽
prepo-sition, conjunction up to the time when
쑗 I don’t expect to be back until after ten
o’clock 쑗 Until yesterday, I felt very
well.
untrue
untrue /n
unusual
unusual /n
mal or expected 쑗 It is unusual to have
rain at this time of year 쑗 She chose a
very unusual colour scheme for her
sit-ting room.
unwell
unwell /n wel/ adjective in a bad state
of health (NOTE: not used before a
noun: the baby was unwell but a sick
baby)
unwilling
unwilling /n wlŋ/ adjective not
want-ing to do somethwant-ing
up
up /p/ adverb 1 in or to a high place 쑗
Put your hands up above your head 쑗
What’s the cat doing up there on the cupboard? (NOTE: up is often used
af-ter verbs: to keep up, to turn up.) 2 to
a higher position 쑗 His temperature went up suddenly 쑗 The price of petrol
seems to go up every week 3 not in bed
쑗 The children were still up when they should have been in bed 쑗 They stayed
up all night watching films on TV 쑗 He got up at six because he had an early train to catch 쑗 It’s past eight o’clock –
you should be up by now 4 completely,
entirely 쑗 The puddles dried up quickly
in the sun 5 happening in an
unpleas-ant or dangerous way 쑗 Something’s up – the engine has stopped! 쐽 preposition
1. in or to a high place 쑗 They ran up the stairs 쑗 She doesn’t like going up
lad-ders 2 along 쑗 Go up the street to the traffic lights and then turn right 쑗 The house is about two hundred metres up the road 앳 what’s up? what’s the
mat-ter?
upon
upon / pɒn/ preposition 1 on 쑗 The
church was built upon a grassy hill 2.
likely to happen soon 쑗 The summer holidays will soon be upon us again.
upper
upper / pə/ adjective higher or further
up 쑗 The upper slopes of the mountain are covered in snow 쑗 He had a rash on his right upper arm.
upright
upright / prat/ adjective straight up 쑗
He got dizzy as soon as he stood up-right 쑗 Put the backs of your seats into the upright position for landing 쑗 She picked up the vase and placed it upright
on the table.
upset
upset 1 /p set/ adjective very worried or
unhappy 쑗 His parents get upset if he comes home late 쐽 verb 1 to make
someone worried or unhappy 쑗 Don’t
upset your mother by telling her 2 to
knock something over 쑗 He upset all the coffee cups (NOTE: upsets – up-setting – upset)
upset
upset 2 / pset/ noun 1 an unexpected
defeat 쑗 There was a major upset in the tennis tournament when the number three seed was beaten in the first round.
2. a slight illness because of something
Trang 10upside down 348 usually
you have eaten or drunk 쑗 a stomach
upset
upside down
upside down /psad daυn/ adverb
with the top underneath 쑗 Don’t turn
the box upside down – all the papers
will fall out 쑗 The car shot off the road
and ended up upside down in a ditch 쑗
Bats were hanging upside down from
the branches.
upstairs
upstairs /p steəz/ adverb on or to the
upper part of something, e.g a building
or bus 쑗 She ran upstairs with the letter.
쑗 I left my glasses upstairs 쑗 Let’s go
upstairs onto the top deck – you can see
London much better 쐽 adjective on the
upper floors of a building 쑗 We have an
upstairs kitchen 쑗 We let the one of the
upstairs offices to an accountant.
up to date
up to date /p tə det/, up-to-date
adverb with the latest information 쑗 I
keep myself up to date on the political
situation by reading the newspaper
eve-ry day.
upwards
upwards / pwədz/ adverb towards the
top 쑗 The path went upwards for a mile
then levelled off.
urban
urban /
towns 쑗 They enjoy an urban lifestyle.
2. living in towns 쑗 The urban fox has
become a menace in parts of London.
urge
urge /
something 쑗 She felt an urge to punch
him on the nose 쐽 verb to advise
some-one strongly to do something 쑗 He
urged her to do what her father said 쑗
I would urge you to vote for the
propos-al 쑗 Our lawyer urged us to be careful
and avoid breaking the law.
urgent
urgent /
portant and needs to be done quickly 쑗
He had an urgent message to go to the
police station 쑗 She had an urgent
op-eration 쑗 The leader of the council
called an urgent meeting 쑗 This parcel
is urgent and needs to get there
tomor-row.
us
us /əs, s/ object pronoun meaning me
and other people 쑗 Mother gave us each
50p to buy ice cream 쑗 Who’s there? –
It’s us! 쑗 The company did well last
year – the management have given us a
bonus.
use
use 1 / such as a tool and do something with it
쑗 Did you use a sewing machine to make your curtains? 쑗 The car’s worth quite a lot of money – it’s hardly been used 쑗 Do you know how to use a com-puter? 쑗 Can I use this knife for cutting
meat? 2. to take a substance and do
something with it 쑗 Don’t use the tap water for drinking 쑗 Does this car use much petrol? 쑗 Turn down the heating – we’re using too much gas.
use
find any use for this piece of cloth? 2.
the fact of being used 쑗 The coffee
ma-chine has been in daily use for years 3.
왍 to make use of something to use
something 쑗 You should make more use
of your bicycle.
used
used /
쑗 a shop selling used clothes
used to
used to / thing happened often or regularly in the
past 쑗 There used to be lots of small shops in the village until the supermar-ket was built 쑗 When we were children,
we used to go to France every year for our holidays 쑗 The police think he used
to live in London 쑗 He used not to smoke a pipe (NOTE: The forms used in the negative and questions: He used
to work in London, He didn’t use to work in London or He used not to work
in London, Didn’t he use to work in London?)
useful
useful /
which can help you do something 쑗 I find these scissors very useful for open-ing letters 쑗 She’s a very useful person
to have in the office.
useless
useless / useful
user
user /
tool or a service 쑗 We have mailed the users of our equipment about the possi-ble design fault.
usual
usual /
on most occasions 쑗 She took her usual bus to the office 쑗 Is it usual for him to arrive so late?
usually
usually /
or on most occasions
... between 20 and 29 yearsold 왍 the (nineteen) twenties (192 0s)
the years from 192 0 to 192 9
twice
twice /twas/ adverb two... 쑗 She earns
extra money by tutoring foreign students
in English.
TV
watch TV every night 쑗 The... to
know what something means 쑗 Don’t
try to talk English to Mr Yoshida – he
doesn’t understand it to have
sympa-thy