Correct english part 19 ppt

tolerant not tollerant or tolerent tomato singular tomatoes plural an exception to rule See PLURALS iv.. torpedo singular torpedoes plural an exception to rule See PLURALS iv.. truly not

tolerant (not tollerant or tolerent) tomato (singular) tomatoes (plural) (an exception to rule)

See PLURALS (iv).

tonsillitis tornado (singular) tornadoes or tornados (plural)

See PLURALS (iv).

torpedo (singular) torpedoes (plural) (an exception to rule)

See PLURALS (iv).

tortuous or torturous? TORTUOUS = full of twists and turns,

complex, convoluted TORTUROUS = painful, agonising, excruciating

total

traffic trafficked, trafficking, trafficker

See SOFT C AND SOFT G

transfer transferred, transferring, transference

See ADDING ENDINGS (iv).

transpire Strictly speaking, this verb has two

meanings:

" to give off moisture (of plant or leaf)

" to come slowly to be known, to leak out (of secret information)

It is often used loosely in the sense of ‘to happen’

Why not use ‘to happen’ instead of this rather pompous word?

TRANSPIRE

173

travel travelled, travelling, traveller

SeeADDING ENDINGS (iv) trivia This is a plural noun and should be

matched with a plural verb

Such TRIVIA are to be condemned troop or troupe? TROOP refers to the armed forces or to

groups of people or particular animals:

a TROOP of scouts

a TROOP of children

a TROOP of monkeys TROUPE refers to a group of touring actors, dancers, musicians or other entertainers

trooper or trouper? TROOPER = cavalry soldier or member

of an armoured unit

He swears like a TROOPER at nine years old

TROUPER = a touring entertainer Jack Densley is a grand old TROUPER truly (not truely, an exception to the -y rule)

SeeADDING ENDINGS (ii).

SeeADDING ENDINGS (iii).

tumulus (singular) tumuli (plural)

SeeFOREIGN PLURALS turf (singular) turfs or turves (plural)

SeePLURALS (v).

twelfth (not twelth, as it is often mispronounced) twentieth SeeADDING ENDINGS (iii).

twenty

typical

TRAVEL

ultimatum (singular) ultimata or ultimatums (plural)

See FOREIGN PLURALS

umpire See REFEREE OR UMPIRE?

un- Remember that when un- is added to a

word beginning with n-, you will have -nn-:

un + natural = unnatural

un + nerve = unnerve unconscious

under- Remember that when you add under- to a

word beginning with r-, you will have -rr-: under + rate = underrate

underlay or underlie? Use these exemplar sentences as a guide:

toUNDERLAY = to lay or place under You shouldUNDERLAY the carpet with felt if your floorboards are very uneven

I UNDERLAID this carpet with very thick felt because the floorboards were so uneven

This carpet IS UNDERLAID with felt

toUNDERLIE = to be situated under (esp rocks)

Granite UNDERLIES the sandstone here Granite UNDERLAY the sandstone, as we soon discovered

The sandstone hereIS UNDERLAIN by granite

­

The UNDERLYING problem is poverty Compare LAY OR LIE?

undoubtedly

unequivocally unequivocal + ly (not unequivocably) unexceptionable or UNEXCEPTIONABLE = inoffensive, not unexceptional? likely to cause criticism or objections

UNEXCEPTIONAL = ordinary, run-of-the-mill

Compare EXCEPTIONABLE OR EXCEPTIONAL? unget-at-able (not un-get-at-able)

uninterested SeeDISINTERESTED OR UNINTERESTED?.

unique Remember, that ‘unique’ is absolute It

means ‘the only one of its kind’

Something is either unique or it’s not It can’t be ‘quite unique’ or ‘very unique’ unmanageable (not unmanagable)

SeeSOFT C AND SOFT G unmistakable/ Both spellings are correct

unmistakeable

unnecessary un + necessary

unparalleled

urban or urbane? URBAN = relating to a town or city

URBAN population UNDERRATE

used to  I USED TO like him very much

The negative form is:

 I USED NOT TO like him very much

 I didn’t used to like him

useful

useless

USURPER

vase

vechicle Wrong spelling SeeVEHICLE

vegetation

SeeSOFT C AND SOFT G ventilation (not venta-)

veracity or voracity? VERACITY = truthfulness

VORACITY = greed veranda/verandah Both spellings are correct vertebra (singular) vertebrae (plural)

SeeFOREIGN PLURALS veterinary (five syllables!)

vice versa

vicious

view

See alsoRIGOROUS OR VIGOROUS? vigour

villain

violent

virtuoso (singular) virtuosi or virtuosos (plural)

SeeFOREIGN PLURALS

visitor (not -er)

vocabulary (five syllables)

volcano (singular) volcanoes or volcanos (plural)

See PLURALS (iv).

voluntary

volunteer volunteered, volunteering

voracity See VERACITY OR VORACITY?

vortex (singular) vortexes or vortices (plural)

SeeFOREIGN PLURALS vowels Five letters of the alphabet are always

vowels:

a e i o u The letter y is sometimes a vowel and sometimes a consonant It is a vowel when it sounds like e or i:

pretty, busy sly, pylon

Y is a consonant at the beginning of syllables and words and has a different sound:

yellow, beyond

VOWELS

waist or waste? Use these exemplar sentences as a guide:

Tie this rope around your WAIST Don’t WASTE paper

What do you do with WASTE paper? Industrial WASTE causes pollution waive or wave? WAIVE = to give something up or not

exact it

I shall WAIVE the fine on this occasion WAVE = to move something to and fro WAVE to the Queen

wander or wonder? I love to WANDER through the forest

(rhymes with girl’s name, Wanda)

I WONDER what has happened to him (rhymes with ‘under’)

wasn’t Place the apostrophe carefully

weak or week? WEAK = feeble

WEEK = seven days weather or whether? Use these exemplar sentences as a guide:

The WEATHER this winter has been awful

I don’t knowWHETHER I can help (= if)

weir (exception to the -ie- rule)

weird (exception to the -ie- rule)

SeeEI/IE SPELLING RULE Wensday Wrong spelling SeeWEDNESDAY

were or where? Use these exemplar sentences as a guide:

We WERE walking very fast (rhymes with ‘her’)

WHERE are you? (rhymes with ‘air’)

Do you know WHERE he is?

This is the house WHERE I was born weren’t Place the apostrophe carefully

wharf (singular) wharfs or wharves (plural)

Both spellings are correct

whether See WEATHER OR WHETHER?

whilst (exception to magic -e rule)

See ADDING ENDINGS (ii).

whiskey or whisky? WHISKEY is distilled in Ireland

WHISKY is distilled in Scotland

who or whom? The grammatical distinction is that ‘who’

is a subject pronoun and ‘whom’ is an object pronoun

(i) Use this method to double-check whether you need a subject pronoun

or an object pronoun when who/ whom begins a question:

Ask yourself the question and anticipate the answer If this could be one of the subject pronouns (I, he, she, we or they), then you need ‘who’

at the beginning of the question: Who/whom is there?

The answer could be: I am there

 WHO is there?

WHO OR WHOM?

If the answer could be one of the object pronouns (me, him, her, us or them), then you need ‘whom’ at the beginning of the question:

Who/whom did you meet when you went to London?

The answer could be: I met him

 WHOM did you meet?

(ii) Use this method if who/whom comes

in the middle of a sentence:

Break the sentence into two sentences and see whether a subject pronoun (I, he, she, we, they) is needed in the second sentence or an object pronoun (me, him, her, us, them)

Here is the man who/whom can help you

Divide into two sentences:

Here is the man He can help you

 Here is the manWHO can help you

He is a writer who/whom I have admired for years

Divide into two sentences:

He is a writer I have admired him for years

 He is a writerWHOM I have admired for years

wholly (exception to the magic e- rule)

SeeADDING ENDINGS (ii).

who’s or whose? Use these exemplar sentences as a guide:

WHO’S been eating my porridge? (= who has)

WHOLE