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Tiêu đề Slang And Unconventional English Part 19
Trường học New Zealand University
Chuyên ngành Linguistics
Thể loại Tài liệu
Năm xuất bản 1959
Thành phố New Zealand
Định dạng
Số trang 7
Dung lượng 166,54 KB

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yourselfNEW ZEALAND , 1959.< bust your humpto work extremelyhardUK , 2001.< bust your nutto experience an orgasmUS , 1964 bustadjectivewithout fundsUS , 1990 bustanoun1a person who infor

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yourselfNEW ZEALAND , 1959.< bust your humpto work extremely

hardUK , 2001.< bust your nutto experience an orgasmUS , 1964

bustadjectivewithout fundsUS , 1990

bustanoun1a person who informs on anotherUS , 2000.2a social

outcastUS , 1998

bust developernouna singer who performs during a striptease act

US , 1981

bustedadjective1without, or very short of, money; bankrupt, ruined

US , 1837.2uglyUS , 2002

busternoun1pleasure, especially sexual pleasureUS , 1973.

2something that is excellentUS , 1973.3used as a term of address

Lends a self-conscious, old-fashioned toneUS , 1866.4a foolUS , 1995.

5in circus usage, a bad fall An allusion to comic actor Joseph

‘Buster’ KeatonUS , 1981.6a heavy fall from a horseAUSTRALIA , 1878.

7a firecrackerUS , 1952.8a hard roll of bread Trawlermen’s termUK ,

1969.9any of several tools used by burglars or as weaponsUS , 1949.

10in poker, a card that does not improve a handUS , 1961.11a

shoplifterCANADA , 1984.12a strong wind from the south A

shortening ofSOUTHERLY BUSTER AUSTRALIA , 1873.13on a plane, full

powerUS , 1991 8see:BURSTER

bustersnoundice that have had their spots altered to aid cheating

US , 1962

bust handnounin bar dice games, a roll that produces no points for

the playerUS , 1971

bust-headnounpotent whisky or beer, especially if manufactured

illegallyUS , 1857

bus therapynounkeeping a problem prisoner in transit in prison

transport between prisonsUS , 1996

busticateverb1to breakUS , 1916.2to leaveUS , 2002

bus ticketnouna transfer from one prison to anotherUS , 1989

bust inverbin a dice cheating scheme, to introduce altered dice

into a gameUS , 1963

bustle-punchingnounfrottage; an act of unwanted intimacy,

usually in a crowded place, when a man rubs his penis against the

hindquarters of an unsuspecting womanUK , 1977

bustle racknounon a tank, welded pipe framework on the turret

used as a sort of roof rack, storing food, drinks and suppliesUS , 1991

bust offverbto experience orgasm Derives fromBUST YOUR NUT US ,

1996

bust onverb1to criticise someone, to tease someoneUS , 1986.2to

shoot someoneUS , 2001

bust-outnouna bankruptcy forced upon a business by organised

crime, usually a lending enterprise owed money by the head of

the businessUS , 1988

bust outverb1to take over a legitimate business, exploit its credit

to the maximum, and then liquidate all assetsUS , 1962.2in a dice

cheating scheme, to remove altered dice from a game and

reintroduce the legitimate diceUS , 1963

bust-outadjective1in gambling, dishonest or part of a cheating

schemeUS , 1937.2without money, brokeUS , 1965

bust-out jointnouna casino or gambling establishment that cheats

gamblersUS , 1979

bust-out mannounin a dice cheating scheme, the confederate

whose special skill is the switching of tampered dice with the

legitimate diceUS , 1950

bust-out mobnouna group of confederates gambling with altered

diceUS , 1972

bust-upnounan altercation; a serious argument or disagreement

From the earlier sense (an explosion)UK , 1899

busty substancesnounthe female breasts A jocular coinage by

comedian Peter CookUK , 1966

bus’ upverbto wreak havoc Hawaiian youth usageUS , 1981

bus-whargusadjectiveextremely uglyNORFOLK ISLAND , 1992

busyadjective1actively searching for, or engaged in, a sexual liaison

Homosexual usage . (used of a card in poker) producing a

pair or otherwise improving a handUS , 1988.< get busy1to have sexUS , 1989.2to rob someoneUS , 1987

busy; bizzy; busienounpolice; a police officer, originally a detective From earlier ‘busy fellow’ – a suggestion that plain clothes officers are busy while their uniformed colleagues ‘plod’

UK , 1904

busy as a one-armed paper-hanger in a galeadjectiveextremely busy First recorded in the US and New Zealand, but also known in Canada where it may be lengthened by ‘with the itch’, and in Australia and UK with the elaboration ‘with crabs’ or ‘with the crabs’US , 1939

busy beenounphencyclidine, the recreational drug known as PCP or angel dustUS , 1994

busylickumnouna nosey personBARBADOS , 1965

butnouna halibut Trawlermen’s useUK , 1980

butadverbthough, however Used at the end of a statement This is one feature of Australian English that parents and teachers have long sought to wipe out via the correction of any youth saying it Typically the argument ‘you can’t end a sentence with a preposition/conjunction’ is put forward, but clearly ‘but’ is an adverb here, modifying the verb of the statement (not to mention highlighting the grammatical ignorance of the would-be corrector) Speakers of US and British English are often confused when first meeting this regionalism, and will patiently wait for the continu-ation of the sentence following what they hear as a conjunction –

‘it isn’t coming, but!’ The first undeniable example dates to 1938, and it was common by the 1950s Also heard among Hawaiian youthAUSTRALIA , 1938

butconjunction1used for expressing surprise or recognition of something unexpectedUK , 1846.2used for emphasizing the following word or wordsUK , 1887

butchnoun1the person fulfulling the masculine role in a homosex-ual relationshipUS , 1954.2a very short haircutUS , 1982

butchadjective1overtly masculineUS , 1936.2fulfilling the masculine role in a male or female homosexual relationship Originally applied to male and female homosexuals, but later predominantly

to lesbiansUS , 1941.3heterosexualUS , 1949.4unafraid, unabashed A nuance of the ‘overtly masculine’ sense used in contemporary gay societyUK , 2003

butch broadnounan aggressive lesbian with masculine affectations

US , 1966

butch dikenounan aggressive, mannish lesbianUS , 1969

butchernoun1a beer glass of 170 ml capacity; also, a serving in one of these glasses Used only in the state of South Australia, the

‘butcher’ was originally a long thin glass holding over a pint; the size has gradually diminished over the years Said by some to be

derived from the German becher (C19 South Australia had a large

German migrant community), but this doesn’t sound remotely like

‘butcher’ Other folk etymologies about butchers requiring a certain type of beer glass aboundAUSTRALIA , 1889.2a surgeonUS ,

1849.3a medical student Used by undergraduates of the University

of SydneyAUSTRALIA , 1984.4a prison dentistUK , 1996.5a prison guard captainUS , 1983.6in a pack of playing cards, a kingUK , 1937

Butcher Brigadenicknamethe 11th Infantry Brigade of the Americal Division, US Army So named after the Brigade’s role in the massacre at My Lai became knownUS , 1991

butcher chartsnounlarge pieces of paper used during a briefing or brainstorming session Named because the paper used is similar

to the paper used by butchers to wrap meatUS , 1986

butcher’s apronnicknamethe ribbon of the United Nations’ medal for active service in Korea From the narrow vertical white stripes and washed-out blue background The nickname was already current in 1954UK , 1954

butcher’s hook; butcher’snouna look Rhyming slangUK , 1936

butcher’s hook; butcher’sadjective< go butcher’s hookto get angry or upsetAUSTRALIA , 1918.sick, ill, unwell Rhyming slang for

CROOK AUSTRALIA , 1967

butcher shopnouna hospital casualty department or operating room

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butcher’s overallnouna surgeon’s white protective overall Royal

Navy useUK , 1964

butch it upverbto act in an aggressive, manly manner Homosexual

usage, male and femaleUS , 1963

butch kicknounin the usage of pickpockets, a hip pocketUS , 1949

butch numbernouna manly homosexual man desired by others as

a partner in sexUS , 1967

butch outverb(used of a woman) to affect a mannish appearance

US , 1999

butch padnounan apartment or house where lesbians congregate

US , 1973

butch queennouna decidedly masculine male homosexualUS , 1966

butch tradenouna seemingly heterosexual man who consents to

homosexual sex in the male role, receiving orally or giving anally

US , 1970

butchyadjectiveovertly masculine in affectation and mannerismsUS ,

1956

butenounbutazolodin, a pain-killerUK , 1981

but, I digressused as a humorous end to a wandering thought A

catchphrase attrbitued to author Max Shulman in cigarette

advertisements of the 1950sUS , 1961

butlernouncrack cocaineUK , 2003

butler’s revengenounan inaudible fart A public school coinage,

commenting on the dignified restraint of senior male servants; not

an eponymUK , 1984

but mine is worth used as a bragging description of a BMW car

CANADA , 2002

buttnoun1the buttocks, the posterior; used in many senses and

phrases as a replacement for ‘arse’ or ‘ass’UK , 1720.2by extension,

the tail end of anythingUS , 1970.3the tail end of a prison sentence

US , 1949.4a cigaretteUS , 1902

buttverbin tiddlywinks, to knock a wink off a pileUS , 1977

buttadverbveryUS , 1990

butt boardverbto ride a skateboard sitting downUS , 1997

butt boynouna sycophant; a toadyUS , 1950

butt cannounany improvised ashtrayUS , 1968

butt-checkverbin snowboarding, to maintain balance by making

brief contact between buttocks and snowUK , 2002

butt dropnouna backwards fall while snowboardingUS , 1990

butt endnounthe discarded end of a cigarette or marijuana

ciga-retteUK , 2000

buttendskinounthe buttocksNEW ZEALAND , 1998

butternoun1insincerityUS , 1945.2crack cocaineUS , 1998

butter; buttersadjectiveugly, unattractive Perhaps a play onBUTT

UGLY.Current in south LondonUK , 1998

butter-and-egg mannounan unsophisticated free spender Coined

by 1920s nightclub performer Texas Guinan for a shy, middle-aged

man so flattered by her friendliness that he paid the steep cover

charge for every guest in the house and pressed $50 notes on all

the entertainers When he said he was in the dairy business, she

introduced him as ‘the big butter-and-egg man’US , 1924

butter and eggsnounan illegal lottery Most commonly known as a

NUMBERSgameUS , 1973

butterballnoun1a fat person or animalUS , 1941.2an idiotUK , 1981

butterbarnouna second lieutenant in the US Army Vietnam

coinage, from the gold-bar insignia.US , 1973

butterboxadjective(of a man) effeminate From an earlier sense

(fop)UK , 1971

butter boynouna very young police officer After an earlier senses

as ‘novice’ applied to sailors and taxi driversUK , 1977

buttered breadadjectivedead Rhyming slangUK , 1998

buttered bunnouna prostitute, or, less specifically any woman, who

has already had sex with several customers/men; sex with this

butter-fingeredadjectiveprone to dropping thingsUK , 1615

butterfingersnouna clumsy person, prone to dropping things After the adjectiveUK , 1837

butterflies in your stomach; butterfliesnounthe feeling of queasiness that accompanies fear or nervousness The fluttering of butterflies as a metaphor for the unsettled sensations of trepidationUS , 1940

butter flowernounmarijuana From the appearance of cannabis resinUS , 1971

butterflynoun1a person who is romantically fickleUS , 1947.2a note thrown from a train to a repair crewUS , 1946.3in electric line work,

a conductor take-up reelUS , 1980.4in television and film-making, a large screen used to direct or diffuse lightUS , 1987

butterflyverb1to engage in promiscuous sexUS , 1946.2in the gambling game two-up, to toss the coins so that they flutter in the air and appear to be actually spinning The object of butterflying is

to make the coins fall the way the tosser wishes and is consequently illegal in the gameAUSTRALIA , 1949.3to leave someone

US , 1991

butterfly kissnounan intimate caress made by fluttering eyelashes over a partner’s skinUK , 1871

butterfly wheelnounin drag racing, a bifurcated steering wheel shaped like two opposing butterfly wingsUS , 2002

butterheadnouna stupid person, especially a stupid black person

US , 1963

buttering-upnounan act of persuasive flatteryUK , 1819

butter legsnouna promiscuous woman Because, like butter, her legs are ‘easy to spread’AUSTRALIA , 1985

buttermilknounbeerUS , 1977

butter upverbto flatter someone with an intent to persuade them

UK , 1819

butter would not melt in someone’s mouthan appearance of innocence Usually contemptuous in the phrase ‘as if butter would not melt in his/her mouth’ occasionally shortened to ‘butter would not melt’UK , 1530

butt flossnouna thong or string bikini with only a slender piece of fabric passing between the cheeks of the buttocksUS , 1991

butt-fuckverb1to copulate anallyUS , 1968.2to light one cigarette with the burning butt of anotherUS , 2001.3since the Vietnam war,

to attack from the rearUS , 1991

buttfuckernouna homosexual maleUS , 1997

butt fuckingnounanal sexUS , 1999

Butt Fucking Nowherenounany remote placeUS , 2002

butt hairnouna parting down the centre of the headUS , 1991

buttheadnouna generally unlikeable, disagreeable, dim-witted personUS , 1973

buttholenoun1the anusUS , 1951.2by extension, a despicable or offensive personUS , 1962

buttienouna walk in the company of a friend Possibly extended from ‘butty/buttie’ (a friend)UK: SCOTLAND , 1988

butt inverbto intrude into another’s business or conversationUS , 1899

buttinski; buttinskya meddler; a person who interferes in the affairs of othersUS , 1902

buttkissnounnothing at all Variation ofBUPKES; BUPKIS US , 1997

butt kitnounan ashtrayUS , 1958

buttleggernouna person who smuggles cigarettes from states with low or no cigarette taxes to states with high cigarette taxesUS , 1976

buttleggingnounthe smuggling of cigarettes from states with low

or no cigarette taxes to states with high taxesUS , 1977

buttloadnouna large amountUS , 1991

buttlyadjectivevery ugly A blend of ‘butt’ and ‘ugly’US , 1989

buttmunch

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buttonnoun1a police badgeUS , 1929.2by extension, a police officer

US , 1953.3a person who acts as lookoutUS , 1992.4in organised

crime, a person who kills on the orders from above Sometimes

expanded as ‘button man’ or ‘button guy’US , 1966.5a small

quan-tity of an item to be smuggledUS , 1956.6the edible, psychoactive

portion of a peyote cactusUS , 1953.7opiumUK , 1996.8a tablet of

Mandrax™, a branded tranquillizerSOUTH AFRICA , 2002.9the clitoris

UK , 1900.10the chin Boxing jargon, usually in the phrase ‘on the

button’, describing a blow right on the chinUS , 1920.11in poker, a

marker on the table that signifies the dealer; the dealerUK , 2003.

12a Chrysler car equipped with push-button automatic

trans-missionUS , 1968.13in the television industry, a dramatic or funny

climax to a sceneUS , 1990.< not have a buttonto have no

moneyIRELAND , 1992.< on the buttonexactly; precisely Possibly

from boxing jargon, ‘on theBUTTON’ (on the chin)US , 1903

buttonverb< button your lip; button your lips; button your

face; button it; button upto stop talking Often as an

injunction or exclamation Used since 1836; and ‘button it’ first

recorded in 1980US , 1947

button Badjectivevery short of money From the 1920s until the

60s, in a UK telephone box you would press button B to get your

money back, hence this pun on ‘pressed for money’UK , 1961

button-dickedadjectivepossessing a small penisUS , 1994

buttoned upadjective1of a reserved or uncommunicative nature A

figurative imageUK , 1936.2silent, refusing to answer questions In

line with the injunction toBUTTON YOUR LIP UK , 1959.3(of persons)

alert, well-preparedUK , 1967.4(of a plan or a situation) successfully

organised or well-prepared A variant is ‘buttoned’UK , 1940

button-holenoun a button-hole flower; a bouquet UK , 1879

buttonhole makernouna person who has only females as children

US , 1954

button mobnoununiformed police officers, especially in large

numbers when present at a political demonstration or similar

gathering Used by those in whom the police seem interestedUK ,

1977

buttonsnoun1a page (a domestic servant) Survives mainly as

Buttons, a character in the pantomime of Cinderella UK , 1848.2a

messengerUS , 1962

button upverbto close completelyUS , 1941

butt outverbto extricate yourself from the interference in which

you are engaging Generally as an imperativeUS , 1906

butt plantnouna backwards fall while snowboardingUS , 1993

butt platenounused as a friendly if derisive term by the marines to

describe the army infantry, and by the army infantry to describe

the marines In the literal sense, a ‘butt plate’ is the metal or

rubber covering of the end of the stock on a rifleUS , 1991

butt plugnoun1a device that is inserted into the anus during sex,

sometimes to retain an enema and sometimes simply for the

sen-sationUS , 1989.2an offensive, unlikeable personUS , 1993

buttroseadjectivevery badUS , 2002

butt slutnouna male homosexual who takes a passive sexual role

US , 1992

butt tucknouncosmetic surgery reducing and lifting the buttocks

US , 1984

butt-twitcheradjectiverevealing the shape of the wearer’s buttocks

US , 1951

butt uglyadjectivevery uglyUS , 1986

buttwipenoun1toilet paperUS , 1971.2a despicable or offensive

personUS , 1991

buttynoun1a sandwich Also spelt ‘buttie’ Originally used in

northern England, especially Liverpool, as a dialect elision of

‘buttery’; now widespread, especially as ‘jam butty’, ‘chip butty’,

etcUK , 1855.2a non-powered, towed canal boat that is part of a

working pair Also known as a ‘butty boat’UK , 1944.3a friend, a

workmate; also used as a form of address Variants are ‘butt’ and

‘buttie’ Either from mining where ‘butty’ was ‘a middleman’, or

from Romany booty-pal (a fellow workman) or, most probably,

Warwickshire dialect butty (a fellow servant or labourer) Modern

use may be influenced byBUDDY UK , 1859

buttyboynouna friend; a workmate; also used as a form of address

An elaboration ofBUTTY UK: WALES , 2002

butunounheroinUK , 1998

buturakieverbto jump on a person in order to rob them or beat

them up From Fijian buturaka, the equivalent of and perhaps

playing onSTICK/PUT THE BOOT IN Picked up from Fijian sailors on the waterfronts of Sydney and AucklandAUSTRALIA , 1958

but why?used humorously with varying meanings For example, a teacher might ask the class to pass in their homework, whereupon

at least one member of the class will mutter, ‘But why?’US , 1963

buvarenounanything drinkable Originally C19 theatrical slangUK , 2002

buynoun1a purchase of illicit merchandise, especially drugsUS , 1906.

2a purchaseAUSTRALIA , 1987

buyverb1to gamble on a result higher than the bookmaker’s favoured spreadUK , 2001.2to accept a fiction as truthUK , 2000.3in poker, to draw a card or cards after the initial dealUS , 1967.< buy

a homesteadto be thrown from your horseCANADA , 1987.< buy

a potin poker, to win a hand by betting so excessively as to drive all other players from the handUS , 1963.< buy a pupto be the victim of a swindleUK , 1996.< buy a suitto kill someone Referring to funeral attireUS , 1997.< buy an orchardin trucking,

to drive off the road into trees or brushUS , 1971.< buy some new shoesto flee while released from custody on bailUS , 1949.

< buy someone a suitto bribe someoneUS , 1984.< buy the dickto dieUS , 1971.< buy the farmto dieUS , 1958.< buy the rackin horse racing, to bet on every possible combination of winners in a Daily Double betUS , 1947.< buy the ranchto die A primary euphemism used by US soldiers in VietnamUS , 1976

buy-and-bustnouna police operation in which an undercover officer buys an illegal drug and then immediately arrests the seller

US , 2000

buy-downnouna bribe paid to a police officer to release a criminal

or to reduce the severity of the charges against himUS , 2001

buyernouna gambler who bets on a result higher than the bookmaker’s favoured spreadUK , 2001

buy-Inounan East Indian An English adaptation of the Hindi

Niyabingi (merchant) JAMAICA , 1979

buying-and-selling cordnouna rough measure of wood depending

on the bargaining skill of the buyer and seller When you’re buying, it’s more; when you’re selling, it’s lessCANADA , 2001

buy intoverbto involve yourself in something, to believe in something Originally a gambling term, ‘to buy into a game’

AUSTRALIA , 1943

buy itverb1to accept an answer or punch-line; especially in the catchphrase that signals resignation: ‘I’ll buy it’UK , 1937.2to die; to become a casualty World War 1 and 2UK , 1825

buy moneynounthe money used to buy contrabandUS , 1981

buy-upnounin prison, a purchase of groceries, toiletries, etc, made

by prisoners ‘Buy-ups’ are restricted to a certain small amount for each prisoner, often consisting of wages earned for prison work

AUSTRALIA , 1944

BuzbynounBritish Post Office Telephones, subsequently British Telecom, the authority controlling the use of citizens’ band radio

in the UK Citizens’ band radio slang; the name of the cartoon bird created in the late 1970s to market British Post Office Telephones; in turn a play onBUZZ(a telephone call)UK , 1981

buzznoun1a rumour; gossip; newsUK , 1821.2an immediate sen-sation of a drug or alcoholUS , 1849.3a thrilling sensationUS , 1937.

4a telephone callUS , 1930.5a police carUS , 1973.6x-ray therapyUS , 1994

buzzverb1to telephone someone; to summon someone by buzzer

US , 1929.2to call for someoneUS , 1946.3to leave A variant is ‘buzz off’UK , 1914.4to kiss someoneUS , 1945.5to feel pleasurable sen-sations resulting from drug useUK , 1992.6to engage in solvent abuseUK: SCOTLAND , 1985.7to pick pocketsUK , 1812.8to snatch a

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10(used of a computer program or operation) to run without any

sign of progressUS , 1981.11to activate a remote device unlocking a

door From the buzzing sound the device often makesUS , 1997.

12to anger someone; to alienate someone; to annoyUS , 1952.13of

music, to become lively and energeticUK , 1972.< be buzzingto

be happening A criminal contextUS , 1941.< buzz around the

barrelto eat a snackUS , 1960

buzzardnounthe eagle insignia of a full colonel or the Women’s

Army CorpsUS , 1931

buzzard’s roostnoun1the office in a railway yardUS , 1977.2the

highest seats in a cinema balconyUS , 1920

buzz bombnouna person rendered emotionally unstable due to

long incarcerationUS , 1976

buzz boynouna fighter pilotUS , 1944

buzzcocksnounpeople, a general term of address An extention of

COCK(a male-to-male term of address) ‘Get a buzz, cock’, allegedly

the final words of a magazine review for 1970s UK television

drama series Rock Follies, adopted as the name of Manchester

punk band The Buzzcocks In the mid-1990s BBC television

screened a new music panel game that should have been called

Never Mind The Bollocks, after the Sex Pistols’ 1977 album To

avoid causing offence the programme makers substituted

‘Buzzcocks’ for ‘Bollocks’ and the programme’s continuing success

inspired this new, heavily ironic usage which, probably by chance,

echoes the original senseUK , 2001

buzz-crushernounanything or anyone who dampens your sense of

euphoriaUS , 1988

buzz-cutnouna very short haircut; a person with a very short

haircut Perhaps from the sound of the electric clippersUS , 1977

buzzedadjective1drunkUS , 1952.2drug-intoxicated From the

pre-vious senseUS , 1972

buzzed upadjectivedrug-intoxicatedUK , 2000

buzzernoun1a badgeUS , 1914.2a burglar alarmUS , 1949.3a door-bell

US , 1934.4in a hospital casualty department, a defibrillator paddle

US , 1994.5in horse racing, a battery-powered device used illegally by

a jockey to shock a horse during a raceUS , 1942

buzzingadjective1drunkUS , 2003.2manic, hyperactiveUS , 1994

buzzing your tits offadjectivevery drug-intoxicatedUK , 2003

buzz jobnounthe flying of an aircraft low to the ground to impress

or scare those on the groundUS , 1943

buzz ticketnouna dole card required to sign on as unemployed in

order to receive benefit The dole is seen here as money to be

spent on drugs to get a ‘buzz’ (a pleasurable sensation); the whole

puns on ‘bus ticket’UK , 1997

buzztracknounin the television and film industries, a sound track

without modulationsUS , 1960

buzzword; buzz-phrasenouna currently fashionable word or

expression, especially a borrowing from jargon or technology that

is used to impress rather than inform and is thus rendered

essentially meaninglessUS , 1946

BWnounan obese hospital patient An abbreviation ofBEACHED

WHALE US , 1994

BWnicknamethe Black Warriors prison gangUS , 2000

bwainouna black youth involved in gang culture West Indian

pronunciation of ‘boy’UK , 1994

BWOCnoun a popular and visible college girl; a big woman on

campus US , 1947

BYadjective(of a telphone line) busyUS , 1968

by any means necessary; by whatever means necessaryused

as a slogan by the radical political left of the 1960s to reflect a

belief that the end justifies the means, up to and including violent

actionUS , 1970

by Christchurch!used as an oath A euphemistic avoidance of blasphemy, used in New Zealand (by reference to Christchurch, Canterbury Province) and in the UK (Christchurch, Dorset)UK , 1984

by crikey!used as a euphemism for ‘by christ!’AUSTRALIA , 1901

by cripes!used as a euphemism for ‘by Christ!’AUSTRALIA , 1902

bye-bye; bye-byesnounsleep From an earlier use as a soothing sound used to lull a child to sleep, perhaps from a shortening of

‘lullaby’UK , 1867

bye Felicia!used for inviting someone to leave From the film

Friday US , 2004

bye nowgoodbyeUK , 1967

by George!used as a mild exclamation or oath Derives from St George, the patron saint of EnglandUK , 1598

by George, one of these days I gotta straighten up that closet!used as a humorous commentary on a cluttered mess A

signature line from the comedy Fibber McGree and Moll (radio

1935–1957, television 1959–1960) Repeated with referential humourUS , 1958

by golly!used as a euphemism for ‘by God!’US , 1833

by guess and by goshadjectivewithout planning, relying on serendipityUS , 1914

by gum!used euphemistically for ‘by God’ Northern English usage

UK , 1960

by heck!used as an exclamation of surprise, indignation, etc; also

as a means of stressing what follows Northern English usageUS , 1922

by here; by thereadverbhere; there A south Walian form probably

based on the rhythm or sound of the original Welsh yma (here) and yno (there) UK , 1985

by himself in the boxused as a stock answer to describe a racehorse’s lineage if it is either unknown or none of the asker’s businessAUSTRALIA , 1989

by hokey!used for expressing great surpriseNEW ZEALAND , 2001

by jumbo!used as a substitute for an oathUS , 1959

by mein poker, used for expressing a player’s decision not to betUS , 1988

BYOa request that guests ‘bring your own’ US , 1968

BYOBused in invitations as an instruction to bring your own booze

or bottle US , 1968

BYOGan invitation to bring your own grog to a party NEW ZEALAND , 1976

byplaynouna device on a dishonest carnival game that can be activated to let players winUS , 1950

bysie-byegoodbye An elaboration of ‘bye’UK , 1984

by the centre!; by the left!used as an emphatic register of shock, surprise, etc Adopted, originally by the military, from military drill commandsUK , 1971

by the holy old dynamiting Jesus!used as an extreme oath in Nova ScotiaCANADA , 1988

by the holy old twistused as an oath Many Nova Scotia oaths refer to Christ and go back to the Elizabethan style of sacrilegious, elaborate expressions (e.g the twisted body on the cross echoes

‘sblood’ (God’s blood) and ‘sbody’ (God’s body)CANADA , 1988

by-the-hour hotel; by-the-hour motelnouna motel or hotel used

by prostitutes where it is possible to rent a room in short incrementsUS , 1992

by the lord liftin’ Jesus!one of many elaborate Nova Scotian sacrilegious oathsCANADA , 1988

by the rattly-eyed Jesus!in Nova Scotia, used as an oathCANADA , 1999

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Cnoun1the Viet Cong; a member of the Viet CongUS , 1966.

2cocaineUS , 1921.3amphetamines Heard as ‘the C’UK , 2003.

4methcathinone Heard as ‘the C’US , 2003.5a woman viewed as a

sexual object An abbreviation ofCUNT US , 1976.6a CBE

(Commander of the Order of the British Empire) Civil servant

usage; suggestive of a casual familiarity with the honourUK , 1961.

7contraceptionUS , 1997.8one hundred dollarsUS , 1839.9in poker,

the third player to the left of the dealerUS , 1988.10the

commission charged by a bookmakerUS , 1960

C-47nouna clothes peg Used by television and film crews, mocking

the formality of the official jargon of their craftUS , 2003

cabnoun< take a cabto dieUS , 2000

caballonoun1heroin Spanish for ‘horse’US , 1970.2a person who

smuggles drugs into a prison Spanish for ‘horse’, which is almost

aMULE US , 1992

cabaretverb1to lie in bed masturbatingUS , 1950.2to use an

addictive drug in a semi-controlled patternUS , 1958

cabbagenoun1moneyUS , 1903.2the vagina Perhaps from the

image of leaves peeling backUS , 1967.3low grade marijuana From

the quality of the leavesNEW ZEALAND , 2002.4a coronary artery

bypass graft A loose pronunciation of the acronym CABG US , 1994

cabbageverb1to become vegetable-likeUK , 2001.2to smoke

marijuana, especially low grade marijuanaNEW ZEALAND , 1998

cabbageadjectivepoor-qualityNEW ZEALAND , 1990

cabbage cutternounon the railways, a freight engineUS , 1977

cabbagedadjective1mentally and physically exhausted Punning on

‘a vegetative state’UK , 1992.2under the influence of MDMA, the

recreational drug best known as ecstasyUK , 1991.3drunkUK , 2002

cabbage-eaternouna German or Russian immigrant OffensiveUS ,

1942

cabbage hatnouna Royal Marine After the uniform green beretUK ,

1979

cabbage outverbto relaxNEW ZEALAND , 2003

cabbage patchnouna remote, insignificant placeUS , 1862

cabbage patchnickname1the state of Victoria, Australia Also

referred to as ‘cabbage garden’ and ‘the cabbage state’ Hence, a

native may be a ‘cabbage patcher’, ‘cabbage gardener’ or ‘cabbage

stater’AUSTRALIA , 1882.2Kingston prison in PortsmouthUK , 1996

Cabbagetownnicknamea mixed residential and business area near

downtown in Toronto This term was likely derived from the days

when poor people lived downtown and presumably could only

afford to eat cabbageCANADA , 1958

cabby; cabbieverbto drive a motor vehicle; to be driven Army use

UK , 1974

cabellonouncocaine, 2003

cabeznoun intelligence From the Spanish cabeza (head) TRINIDAD

AND TOBAGO , 1956

cab freightnounan attractive woman passenger in a truckUS , 1961

cabin carnouna brakevan (caboose)US , 1977

cabin stabbingnoun(from a male perspective) an act of

conven-tional sexual intercourse As in the title of the 1990 song ‘Cabin

Stabbing’ by Super Cat (William Maraugh)JAMAICA , 2001

cab jointnouna brothel whose customers are spotted and

transported by taxi driversUS , 1930

cabledadjective(of a vehicle) equipped with a winchUS , 2004

cábógnounan ignorant male; a rustic clodhopperIRELAND , 2004

caboodlenounall of somethingUS , 1848

caboosenoun1the buttocksUS , 1919.2the final participant in serial

1970.3the youngest child in a familyUS , 1969.4a jailUS , 1865.5a small house or shackTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO , 1956.6a cooking shed

CAYMAN ISLANDS , 1985

caboose bouncenouna train consisting of nothing more than an engine and a brakevan (caboose)US , 1929

cabouchenoun 8see:BAROUCHE

cabronnouna guy, especially a brutish or dim-witted one Border Spanish used in English conversation by Mexican-AmericansUS , 1974

cab savnouncabernet sauvignon wineAUSTRALIA , 1990

ca-canoun1excrement Probably from Spanish children’s speech; used by non-Spanish speakers Sometimes seen spelt as ‘kaka’ or other such variationsUS , 1952.2nonsenseUS , 1980.3marijuana, especially if poor quality, adulterated or fakeUS , 1969.4heroin, especially low quality heroinUS , 1986.5drugs, not necessarily heroin

US , 1995

caca-holenounthe anusTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO , 2003

cack; cak; kacknoun1excrementAUSTRALIA , 1972.2rubbish, nonsenseUK , 1997.3someone or something extremely funny

AUSTRALIA , 1989

cack; cak; kackverb1to fall asleepUS , 1959.2to defecate Like many other words for bodily functions, ‘cack’ was part of everyday con-ventional speech for many years before slipping into impolite usage in the late C19UK , 1436.< cack itto be very nervous or worried; to feel thoroughly frightened A variation ofSHIT IT UK , 2002.

< cack your dacks1to lose control of your bowelsAUSTRALIA ,

1992.2to become scaredAUSTRALIA , 1992.< cack yourself1to be terrified Literally ‘to shit yourself’; used figuratively (most of the time), often as an exaggerationUK , 2000.2to laugh uncontrollably A variant is ‘cack yourself laughing’AUSTRALIA , 1987

cack; kackadjectivecontemptible, unpleasant, inferior Variant spellings abound – ‘cak’, ‘kak’, etcUK , 1996

cackersarnienounthe condition that exists when someone pulls your trousers or underpants forcefully upward, forming a wedge between buttock cheeks; the act of putting someone in that pos-ition Mainly used by schoolboys FromCACK(excrement, faeces) andSARNIE(sandwich)UK , 2003

cack-handedadjectiveleft-handed; clumsyUK , 1854

cackiesnountrousers, especially khakisUS , 1990

cackleverb1to chatter; to talk inconsequentiallyUK , 1530.2to confess and/or to inform on othersUS , 1949.3as part of a controlled roll of dice, to give them the appearance and sound of being shaken while actually preventing their turningUS , 1963

cackle cratenounin trucking, a truck hauling chickensUS , 1946

cackle factorynouna mental hospitalUS , 1950

cackynoun1a yellowish-brown colour From the adjective sense (shitty), giving a joke at the expense of ‘khaki’UK , 1984.2human excrement ChildishUK , 1961

cackyadjective1covered with excrement; hence filthy, malodorous

UK , 1937.2in the language of striptease, overtly if not excessively sexualUS , 1981

cactonoun the moth Cactoblastis cactorum, a successful biological

control of introduced prickly pearAUSTRALIA , 1941

cactusnounin hospital usage, a severely burnt patientUS , 1994.< in the cactusin trouble, especially with one personNEW ZEALAND ,

1953.< out in the cactusin a very remote areaNEW ZEALAND , 1963

cactusadjectiveruined, wreckedAUSTRALIA , 1945

cactus juicenountequila; mescalUS , 1971

cadnoun1an ill-bred, ill-mannered loutUK , 1827.2a Cadillac carUS ,

Trang 6

withCANexpanded toCADILLAC US , 2001.5a railway conductorUS ,

1977

cadaver cadetnouna necrophileUS , 1987

cadburynouna person who gets drunk on very little alcohol

Referring to the advertising slogan of Cadbury Dairy Milk

chocolate, which has ‘a glass and a half of full cream milk’

AUSTRALIA , 1996

caddie shacknounany small building where gold caddies

congregate and wait for workUS , 1953

caddyadjectivesharp, stylish, fashionableUS , 1984

Caddy; Caddienouna Cadillac carUS , 1929

caddy blackjacknouna private game of blackjackUS , 1981

caddy-old-punchnounan improvised, brown-paper kiteGUYANA , 1996

cadetnoun1a pimpUS , 1904.2a new drug userUS , 1949

cadgeverbto beg; to wheedle something from someoneUS , 1812

cadgernouna beggar; a scroungerUK , 1851

cadie; caddy; caddienouna hat; originally a bush name for a

slouch hat English gypsy useAUSTRALIA , 1898

cadillacnoun1cocaineUS , 1953.2one ounce of a powdered drugUS ,

1950.3phencyclidine, the recreational drug known as PCP or angel

dustUS , 1994.4a cup of coffee with cream and sugarUS , 1989.5a

note-and-string based method of communication in prisonUS , 2000.

6the maximum amount which may be spent at a prison canteen

US , 1989.7in the language of the homeless, a shopping cartUS , 1997.

8the US Army M-1 tankUS , 1991.9a large surfboard used for

big-wave conditionsUS , 1965

Cadillac bunknouna single prison bed in a setting where most

beds are two-tiered bunk bedsUS , 1989

cadillac expressnounthe drug methcathinoneUS , 1998

Cadillac pushernouna person whose job it is to push carts with

garments through the streetsUS , 2002

café au laitnouna person of mixed race with skin the shade of

milky coffeeUK , 1961

caffnouna caféUK , 1931

caffufflenounchaos, confusionBARBADOS , 1975

caffuffleverbto confuse someone or somethingBARBADOS , 1965

cagenoun1an elevatorUS , 1938.2a brakevan (caboose)US , 1931.3an

abandoned houseUS , 2000.4a car Bikes (motorcycle) usageUS , 1981.

5the bodyUS , 1973

caged lionnounin horse racing, a racehorse battling back from

apparent defeat to win a raceAUSTRALIA , 1989

cage girlnouna ticket seller in a theatreUS , 1952

cageyadjectivewary, non-commital, cautiousUS , 1893

caggie; kaggienouna cagoule or kagool (a weatherproof

outer-garment)UK , 1984

cahoo-holenouna pothole in the roadCANADA , 1992

cahootsnoun< in cahoots withconspiring or planning with

someoneUS , 1829

Cain and Abel; Cainnouna table Rhyming slang, based on the

sons of Adam and Eve who are remembered as the first murderer

and his victim; recorded by Ducange Anglicus in 1857UK , 1857

caine; canenouncocaine, crack cocaineUS , 1983

Caisse Popnounin Quebec, a kind of cooperative bank The term is

shortened from Caisse Populaire or ‘popular bank’, a French term

universally used by anglophonesCANADA , 2001

caknoun 8see:CACK

cakenoun1a beautiful girl or young womanUS , 1941.2the female

breastUS , 1957.3the vaginaUS , 1967.4breadTRISTAN DA CUNHA , 2000.

5a meal provided as compensation in addition to wagesUS , 1973.

6money; a good deal of money Extends, perhaps, fromBREAD

(money) but ‘cake’ has traditionally been associated with wealth

‘Qu’il mangent de la brioche’ – ‘Let them eat cake’, attributed to

Queen Marie-Antoinette (1755–93) on being told that her people

had no breadUS , 1965.7marijuana resinUK , 2001.8a round disc of

crack cocaine . a rural person Derogatory .

< get your caketo date your girlfriendUS , 2001.< off your cakeconfused, drug-intoxicated The latter meaning gained dates from the late C20 and the distinction between the two senses may

be blurredUK , 2000

cakeadjective1easyUS , 1968.2homosexual Clipped fromFRUITCAKE

(a homosexual man)UK , 2001

cake boynounan attractive, usually younger homosexual maleUS , 1995

cake-cuttingnounshort-changingUS , 1993

cakedadjective1to be wealthy, monied FromCAKE(money) Variants include ‘caked out’, ‘caked up’ and ‘cakeholed’UK , 1940s.

2drug-intoxicatedUS , 1994

cake-eaternoun1an effeminate young man, who may or may not

be homosexual An important word of the flapper era, but seldom heard thereafterUS , 1916.2a person who enjoys performing oral sex on womenUS , 1967

cakeheadnounan idiot, a foolUK , 1998

cake holenoun1the vaginaUK , 2001.2the mouth Also heard as

‘cake ‘ole’UK , 1943

cake-oadjectiveall right, correct, safe, suitable, what is required, comfortable Back slang forOK UK , 2001

cakesnoun1the buttocks, especially female buttocksUS , 1993.2crack cocaineUK , 2003

cake tinnicknamethe Wellington, New Zealand, sports stadiumNEW ZEALAND , 2001

cakewalknounan easy or overwhelming success Originally a boxing term for an easy victory, then expanded to general useUS , 1897

cakeyadjectivefoolish, daftUK: SCOTLAND , 1985

calabash cutnouna haircut in which the hair is cut on a line equidistant from the top of the head A ‘calabash’ is a squash, and the suggestion is that a hollowed out squash shell was used to guide the scissorsTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO , 1990

calaboosenouna jail, especially a local one From the Spanish

calabazo (dungeon) US , 1792

calamity howlernouna person who predicts disasterUS , 1892

Calamity Janenounin a deck of playing cards, the queen of spades Martha Jane ‘Calamity Jane’ Canary (1852–1903) was a legendary figure in the settling of the western USUS , 1988

calbonounheroin Probably from a confusion ofCABALLO(heroin)UK , 2003

calc outverbto calculate somethingUS , 1999

calculatornoun1in horse racing, a parimutuel clerk who calculates oddsUS , 1976.2in poker, a player skilled at assessing the hands of other playersUS , 1988

Calcuttanoun1butter Rhyming slangUK , 1998.2a Calcutta sweep

AUSTRALIA , 1950

Calcutta sweeps; Calcutta sweepnouna type of sweepstake in which contestants’ names are auctioned offAUSTRALIA , 1914

calechenounin Quebec, a one-horse, two-wheeled carriageCANADA , 1963

calendarnouna prison sentence of one yearUS , 1926

calendar days; calendar timenounthe bleed period of a woman’s menstrual cycleUS , 1954

calfnoun1a young teenage girlUS , 1959.2a Cadillac carUS , 1980 8see:

COW’S CALF.< have a calfto become emotionally overwrought;

to lose control A variation born ofHAVE A COW US , 1999

calf-licknouna limp quiff, or a tuft of hair on someone’s forehead which will not lie smoothly Northern dialect in wider useUK , 1954

calf slobbernounmeringueUS , 1960

calf’s tailnounthe cord attached to a railway whistleUS , 1946

Calgary Redeyenouna drink made of tomato juice and beer

CANADA , 1987

Calinoun1CaliforniaUS , 1930.2MDMA, the recreational drug best known as ecstasy, originating in California A shortening of

Trang 7

calibrateverbto correct someone’s information or opinion Derives

from making minor adjustments to high-tech weaponryUS , 2003

calico clucknouna female railway workerUS , 1975

Cali dreamersnouna variety of MDMA, the recreational drug best

known as ecstasy The whole plays on the song ‘California

Dreamin’ by The Mamas and Papas, 1966UK , 1999

CalifasnicknameCalifornia Border Spanish used in English

conversation by Mexican-AmericansUS , 1974

California bankrollnouna single large-denomination note wrapped

around small-denomination note, giving the impression of a great

deal of moneyUS , 1980

California biblenouna deck of playing cardsUS , 1960

California blackjacknounin blackjack, an ace and a nine, which

produce a score of 20, not 21US , 1982

California blanketsnounnewspaper used as beddingUS , 1926

California C-notenouna ten-dollar noteUS , 1983

California coffeenouninexpensive wineUS , 1976

California cornflakesnouncocaineUS , 1976

California Crybaby Divisionnicknamein the Korean war, the 40th

California National Guard DivisionUS , 1989

California ecstasynounMDMA, the recreational drug best known

as ecstasy, originating in California, 1999

California girlnouna variety of marijuanaUS , 2002

Californiannouna variety of MDMA, the recreational drug best

known as ecstasyUK , 1996

Californian northern lightsnouna hybrid marijuana grown in

California The northern lights (aurora borealis), a luminous

atmos-pheric display, is a metaphor for potent effects and a romantic

simile for the plant’s appearanceUS , 1999

California pimpingnounworking as a pimp in a relaxed,

low-press-ure styleUS , 1972

California quailnouna tablet of the recreational drug

methaqualone, the recreational drug best known as Quaaludes™

US , 1997

California sunrisenoun1a variety of MDMA, the recreational drug

best known as ecstasy; a blend of amphetamine and caffeine

marketed as MDMAUK , 1996.2LSD A variation ofCALIFORNIA

SUNSHINE UK , 1998

California sunshinenounLSDUS , 1977

California tiltnouna car with the bonnet (hood) sloping downward

to a front end that is lower than the rear endUS , 1976

California tiresnountyres with little remaining treadUS , 1971

California turnaroundnounany powerful central nervous system

stimulant So potent that a trucker who takes one can drive to

California and backUS , 1976

Californicatornouna Californian, especially one who has moved to

Oregon or Washington stateUS , 1978

calipersnoundice that are true to an extremely minute tolerance,

approximately 1/1000th of a inchUS , 1950

Cali red beardnouna distinctive marijuana grown in CaliforniaUS ,

1999

callnoun1an opinion; a predictionUS , 1999.2the initial flooding of

sensations after injecting heroinUS , 1973

callverb< call Earlto vomitUS , 1968.< call for a cab(of a

jockey) to make jerky arm movements as he battles to remain in

the saddleUK , 1961.< call for Herbto vomit An echoic play on

the sounds produced by a sudden expulsion of vomitAUSTRALIA ,

1984.< call for Hughieto vomit Onomatopoeic play on Hughie

as the involunatary sounds of vomiting A joke current in the

1970s described getting drunk on green crème de menthe and

calling for television personality Hughie Green (1920–97)UK , 1974.

< call for the butterto have completed a task or arrived at

your destination Fishing skippers who claimed the ability to

locate fish by the taste of the bottom mud would smear butter on

a lead weight, lower it to the bottom, and then taste the mud

brought to the surface on the buttered lead .< call hogs

to snoreUS , 1973.< call it onto challenge another gang to a gang fightUS , 1955.< call Ralphto vomitUS , 1983.< call someone full-mouthto address your elder without using an honorific Mr or MrsGUYANA , 1995.< call someone rawto address your elder without using an honorific Mr or MrsANGUILLA , 1995.< call the shotsto be in a position of power; to direct the actions of others

US , 1967

callabonouna collaborationUS , 2002

callalloonouna confused set of circumstances; a mix-up From the name of a popular stewTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO , 2003

call booknouna list, formal or highly informal, kept by a pool hustler, of locations where money can be made playing poolUS , 1990

call boynoun1a male prostitute whose clients book his services by telephoneUS , 1942.2a boy or young man who called railway workers to workUS , 1898

calleynounmarijuana FromKALIandCOLLIE JAMAICA , 1975

call girlnouna prostitute who makes bookings with customers by telephoneUS , 1922

call housenouna brothel from which prostitutes are procured by telephoneUS , 1913

callibogusnounan alcoholic drink of spruce beer, rum or whisky, and molassesCANADA , 1995

calling cardnoun1a fingerprintUS , 1949.2needle marks on a drug user’s armUS , 1971.3during the Vietnam war, a printed card identifying the unit, left on the bodies of dead enemy soldiersUS , 1990

calling stationnounin poker, an unskilled player who calls bets prematurelyUS , 1979

call itverbwhile working as a prostitute, to state the price expected for the service requestedUK , 1987

Call Me Godnouna CMG (Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George) A pun elaborated on the initials; used by civil servants demonstrating a jocular familiarity with the honourUK , 1961

call moneynouna demand for payment of a debtUS , 1989

call of the great outdoorsnouna need to defecate or urinate An elaboration of ‘a call of nature’ which is the conventional euphemismUK , 1965

call outverbto challenge someone to a fightUS , 1980

call that George!used for expressing finality or completion

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO , 1983

call-upnounin prison, a summons to a governor’s officeUK , 2001

Callynickname 8see:CARLY

cally doshnounmoneyUK , 1988

calmernouna barbiturate or other central nervous system depress-antUK , 1999

Calumet fevernoun(among Ottawa valley lumbermen) fear of riding logs down the slide at Calumet, QuebecCANADA , 1964

Calvin Kleinnoun1wine Rhyming slang, formed on the name of American fashion designer Calvin Klein (b.1942) Sometimes shortened to ‘Calvin’UK , 1998.2a fine Rhyming slang, formed on the name of fashion designer Calvin Klein (b.1942)UK , 1998

Calvin Klein specialnouna mixture of cocaine and the rec-reational drug ketamine A back formation from the initialsUS , 1995

Calvinsnounblue jeans or underwear designed by Calvin KleinUS , 1982

camnoun1camouflage MilitaryUK , 1995.2a camera, 2003

Camberwell carrotnounan exceptionally long and fat marijuana cigaretteUK , 1987

CamboadjectiveCambodianUS , 1976

Cambodian rednounmarijuana from Cambodia Named after its reddish hueUS , 1973

Cambodia tripnouna highly potent strain of marijuana from Cambodia

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