Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.. RELATIVE CLAUSE Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu không thể đứng riêng một mì
Trang 1«n tËp tiÕng anh 9 A- THEORY
THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 1-Form
a Affirmative:
I, you, we, they + have + PP / He, she, it + has +PP
Note: PP = past participle (quá khứ phân từ) ( =V-ed: V có quy tắc, =V3: V bất quy tắc)
b Negative:
I, you, we, the + have not (haven’t) + PP / He, she, it + has not ( hasn’t) + PP
c Interrogative:
Have + I, you, we, they + P.P ? / Has + he, she, it + P.P ?
2-Use
a Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ nhưng còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại hoặc tương lai.
Thường đi với : since (từ khi); for (được bao lâu)
Ex1: She has lived here since 1987
Ex2: They have swum for 1 hour
b Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, không xác định rõ thơi gian
Thường đi với: already, ever ( before), never (before), not, yet, several times, many times Ex1: She’s been to Japan several times
Ex2: I have never worked in that company before
c Một hành động vừa mới xảy ra.
Thường đi với : lately, just, recently, in recent weeks/ months / years
Ex1: My uncle has just come back form Americ
Ex2: They have done the assignment in recent weeks
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE 1-Form
a Affirmative
S + V-ed/ V2 (V có quy tắc: V+ “ed”;V bất quy tắc; lấy cột thứ 2 trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc)
b Negative
S + did not (didn’t) + bare-infinitive
c Interrogative.
Did + S + bare-infinitive ?
Note: The simple past form of ‘to be’
* Affirmative:
You, we, they + were ; / I, he, she, it + was
* Negative
You, we, they + were not (weren’t )/ I, he, she, it + was not (wasn’t)
* Interrogative
Were + you, we, they ? / Was + he, she, it ?
2-Use
a Một hành động đã hoàn tất tại một thời điểm nào đó trong quá khứ
Thường đi với: yesterday, last ( last week, last year ), ago (3 days ago, ), in 1999, in 1987 Ex1: She was here yesterday
Ex2: They didn’t learn Chinese 3 year ago
b Một thói quen ở quá khứ
Ex1: They often went fishing when they lived in the country
Trang 2Ex2: Jack always got up at 3:00 am last year.
c Một hành động đó hoàn tất trong một khoảng thời gian xỏc định trong quỏ khứ ( from to )
Ex: From 1981 to 1983, my older brother worked as a journalist
PASSIVE VOICE 1- Active into Passive rule:
Active: S + V + O
Passive: S +to be + PP +( by +O)
Động từ chính của câu chủ động ở thì nào thì tobe phải chia ở thì đó Note: - Động từ ở cõu chủ động ở thỡ (tense) hay thể (form) nào thỡ “be” ở cõu bị động ở thỡ hay thể đú
- Khi ta khụng xem người thực hiện hành động (does) là quan trọng, thỡ “ by object” cú thể bỏ đi
( eg S = personal pronoun: he, she, they, we, people; no-one )
a.The simple present
She cleans the floor everyday
( S + V / Vs / es )
Passive: The floor is cleaned everyday.
(S + am/is/are/ +PP )
b.The present continous.
Mr.Baker is repairing the car
Passive: the car is being repaired by Mr Baker ( S + am/ is/ are + being + PP )
c.The present perfect
Someone has stolen the bicycles ( S+ has/have + P.P )
Passive: The bicycles have been stolen ( S+ has/have + been + PP )
d.The simple past
Where did they find the drugs ? ( S + V2/ V-ed)
Passive: where were the drugs found ? ( S+ was/ were + PP )
e.The past continuous
They were preparing luch when I came there yesterday (S+was/were + V-ing )
Passive: Luch was being prepared when I came there yesterday.( S+ was/ were + being + PP )
f The past perfect
She had written almost ten pages by 3:00 pm ( S+ had + PP )
Passive: Almost ten pages had been written by 3:00 p.m (S+ had been + PP )
g Will/ would, shall/ should, can/ could, may/might must, have to, be going to, used to,
Active: S+ will/would, shall/ should + bare-infinitive + object
Passive: S + will/would, shall/shoul + be + past participle (+ by object).
Ex: Police will destroy these drugs
Passive: the drugs will be destroyed by police.
2-Special cases
a Active: s1+ verb1( say/believe/think ) (that) +S2+verb2
Passive:
Cỏch 1: It + be + PP (verb1) + s2 + verb2
Cỏch 2: S2+ be+ PP (verb1) + to- infinitive (verb2)
Ex: People say that he is crazy
Passive:
It said that he is crazy
He is said to be crazy
b Negatives
Trang 3Ex1: No-one has cleaned the floor lately
Passive: The floor hasn’ t been cleaned lately
Ex2: We didn’t do anything about it
Passive: Nothing was done about it.
c Who + V + object ?
Passive: - By whom ?
- Who by ?
Ex: Who wrote this novel ?
Passive:
- By whom was this novel written ?
- Who was this novel written by ?
d It + be + adjective + to-infinitive + sth
Passive: It + be + adjective + for sth + to be + PP
Ex: It is important to finish this exercise
It is important for this exercise to be finished
e Bare-infinitive + object
Passive:
Let + object + be + PP
S + be + allowed / advised/asked/ supposed/ + to infinitive
Ex1: Please open the door -> Let the door be opened
Ex2: Turn on the light -> You are supposed to turn on the light
f Causative form ( thức mệnh lệnh)
Active: - She + have + sb+ bare-infinitive + st / - S + get + sb + to- infinitive + sth
Passive: - S + have + sth + PP / - S + get + sth + PP
Ex1: She has had someone repaint the car./ She has had the car repainted
Ex2: They got me to do the housework./ They got the housework done
RELATIVE CLAUSE
Mệnh đề quan hệ/ mệnh đề tính từ là mệnh đề phụ trong câu (không thể đứng riêng một mình)
Nó bắt đầu bằng:
a relative pronouns (đại từ quan hệ) : WHO, WHOM, WHICH, WHOSE, THAT.
b relative adverbs (trạng từ liên hệ) : WHERE, WHEN, WHY.
Ex1: A man who dares to do it dares to do anything
Ex2: We talked to the man who was from Beijing
1-WHO
* Thay cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một chủ từ/ tân ngữ.
Ex1: The man has met your boss.He come from Italy
subject
→ The man who comes from Italy has met your boss
relative clause
Ex2: We have met the girl She studies in the shool
→ We have met the girl who studies in the school
relative clause
2-WHOM
* Thay cho danh từ/ đại từ chỉ người, có chức năng của một tân ngữ.
Ex1: We like the man You talked to him yesterday
object
We like the man whom you talked to yesterday
relative clause
Trang 4Ex2: Is that the man ? You have been waiting for him.
object
Is that the man whom you have been waiting for ?
relative clause
3-WHOSE
* Thay thế cho sở hữu cách (possessive cases)
* Xuất hiện trong hai cấu trúc
- noun/ pronoun + whose + noun + verb
- noun/ pronoun whose + noun + subject + verb
Ex1: The girl looks disappoited Her examination result its so bad
The girl whose examination result is so bad looks disappointed
Ex2: That is the girl I took her hat by mistake yesterday
That is the girl whose hat I took by mistake yesterday
4-WHICH
* Thay thế cho danh từ, đại từ chỉ vật / sự vật/ sự việc
* Có thể làm chủ từ hoặc tân ngữ
Ex1: She show me the table It was made by her father
She shows me the table which was made by her father
Ex2: Do you like this car ? Mr Tan bought it last month
Do you like this car, which Mr.Tan bought last month ?
Note: “Which” có thể được sử dụng để thay thế cho một mệnh đề đứng trước nó (= and this/ and that) Ex: Tom is so lazy, and this makes Mrs Green worried
Tom is so lazy, which makes Mrs Green worried
5-WHERE
* Thay cho trạng từ, cụm trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (place) (eg.here, there, in that place )
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc:
noun/ pronoun ( = a place) + where + subject + verb
Ex: We visit the hospital We were born there/in that hospital
We visit the hospital where we were born
6-WHEN
* Thay cho trạng từ, cum từ chỉ thời gian (time) (on that day, in the year )
* Thường xuất hiện trong cấu trúc :
noun / pronoun (= time ) + when + subject + verb
Ex: She will never forget the day She first met him on that day
She will never forget the day when she first met him
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES 1-Điều kiện có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (Điều kiện loại I)
If clause : simple present, Main clause : will/shall/can/may + bare-infinitive
Ex1: If it rain, we won’t go for a picnic
Ex2: Our natural resources will disappear if we do not conserve them
Notes : - Ta có thể sử dụng mệnh lệnh ở mệnh đề chính Ex: If you drink, don’t drive
- Ta có thể sử dụng “should” ở mệnh đề điều kiện để tỏ ý nghi ngờ
Ex: If he should call, tell him I will ring back
- Dạng rút gọn ở mệnh đề điều kiện (if possible, if necessary, if so )
Ex: If necessary, I will help you
-Ta có thể sử dụng dạng mệnh lệnh để thay cho mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện
Trong trường hợp này, giữa hai mệnh đề thường có các liên từ như sau: and, or, else, otherwise 2-Điều kiện không xảy ra ở hiện tại (ĐK II) (present unreal condition )
Main clause: would/could/might + bare-infinitive, If clause: simple past
Trang 5Ex1: If she had wings, she would fly to an island
Ex2: He would build more houses if he were a king
Note: - ‘If I were you/I were in your position ’được sử dụng để khuyên nhủ
Ex: If I were you, I would accept the invitation ( = You should accept the invitation )
GERUND The gerund is used as a subject, a complement, an object of a verb or an object of a preposition
(danh động từ được sử dụng như một chủ ngữ, bổ túc từ, túc từ của một động từ, hay túc từ của một giới từ)
Ex1: Seeing is believing ( S= gerund)
Ex2: Her hobby is listening to music ( complement = gerund)
Ex3: They have finished doing exercises ( object = gerund)
Ex4: We are font of playing football (Object of an preposition = gerund)
Note: Danh động từ theo sau các động từ như:
to enjoy, to mind, to avoid, to finish, to practise, to suggest, to postpone, to delay, to imagine, can’t
help/stand
Lưu ý cách sử dụng của các động từ :
• Forget + to-infinitive : quên (sẽ/ phải) làm gì
Forget + ing : quên đã làm việc gì.
Ex1: She forgets being taken to the zoo by her father when she was six
Ex2: Don’t forget to shut the door before leaving
• Remember + to-infinitive : nhớ ( sẽ/ phải) làm gì;
Remember + V-ing : nhớ đã làm gì
Ex1: They always remember going to cinema together
Ex2: They remember to have a test on Wendnesday
• Stop + to-infinitive : dừng ( một việc) lại để làm gì;
Stop + V- ing : dừng làm một việc gì
Ex1: This moring , I saw Mr.Pike in the street, so I stopped to greet him
Ex2: The teacher asked us to stop talking
• Need + to- infinitive: cần làm gì ( active);
Need + V-ing: cần được ( passive)
Ex1: We need to repair the car
Ex2: The car needs repairing
- Lưu ý cấu trúc:
S + spend + time + V-ing = It + take + s.b + time + to-inf
CLAUSE OF REASON
+Mệnh đề chỉ lý do là mệnh đề phụ bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ lý do như BECAUSE, AS, SINCE Ba chữ
này đều có nghĩa vì, bởi vì nhưng cách dùng khác nhau
Ví dụ: a) Because
- Because he was sleepy, he went to bed – He went to bed because he was sleepy.
Mệnh đề phụ có chữ because có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính Tuy nhiên phải chú ý nếu mệnh đề
phụ đi trước phải có dấu phảy (,) ngăn cách nó với mênh đề chính
b) As
- As she was free , she came to see me
Vì cô ấy rảnh rỗi, cô ấy đến thăm tôi
c) Since
- Since he doesn’t like music he never goes to the concert
Trang 6Vì anh ấy không thích nhạc, anh ấy không bao giờ đi xem hoà nhạc.
Mệnh đề since và as luôn đứng trước mệnh đề chính.
b) So/ As Long As
- As long as ( So long as) you’re not busy Can you help me ?
Vì bạn không bận rộn, bạn có thể giúp tôi ?
+ Ngoài các liên từ phụ thuộc ( Subordinating Conjuctions) như Because, Since, As, As long as, chúng ta
còn một liên từ kết hợp ( Co-ordinating conjuctions) FOR chỉ lý do.
* Liên từ kết hợp là liên từ nối hai mệnh đề độc lập (independent clauses) và không dùng ở đầu câu
Ví dụ: - I phoned her, for I wanted to tell her about her exam.
Tôi gọi điện cho cô ấy vì tôi muốn nói với cô ấy về kỳ thi của cô ấy
+ Mệnh đề chỉ lý do còn có thể đổi ra cụm từ chỉ lý do ( phrases of reason) với because of hoặc due to
Ví dụ: - Because the weather was cold, we stayed home.
→ Because of the cold weather, we stayed home
→ Due to the cold weather, we stayed home
Vì thời tiết lạnh, chúng tôi ở nhà
Because và Because of Because và Because of đều có nghĩa là bởi vì nhưng chúng được dùng với cẩu trúc khác nhau.
a ) Because là một liên từ (Conjunction), theo sau nó là một mệnh đề (Clause)
Ví dụ: - Because the traffic was heavy, we were late for the meeting.
S V
Vì xe cộ đông đúc, chúng tôi đến buổi họp trễ
b) Because of là nhóm giới từ ( Prepositional phrase), theo sau nó là một cụm danh từ ( noun phrase)
Ví dụ: - Because of the heavy traffic, we were late for the meeting.
B-PRACTICE
1 If I had.a lot of money now, I ………… a new car.
2 If I ………you, I would do that.
3 I would be very surprised if he………
4 Many people would be out of work if that factory……… down.
5 6 If she sold her car, she ………… much money.
6 They would be disappointed if we……….
7 Would John be angry if I …… ……his bicycle without asking?
8 She ……….terrible upset if I lost this ring.
9 If someone…………in here with a gun, I would be very frightened.
a would walk b walks c had walked d walked
Trang 710 What would happen if you ……… to work tomorrow?
a don’t go b didn’t go c won’t go d wouldn’t go
11 We ‘ll get wet if we ………….out.
12 If I go shopping, I ………some food.
a buy b will buy c would buy d would have bought
13 If I find it, I ………you.
a will tell b would tell c had told d told
14 What would you do if you………a million dollars?
15 They ‘d be hurt if I ……….
a don’t go b didn’t go c hadn’t gone d wouldn’t go
16 If we took the 6: 30 train, we…………too early.
a would have arrived b arrived c will arrived d would arrive
17 If I had known you were in hospital, I …………to see you.
18 If I …………., I would have said hello.
19 I………… out if I hadn’t been so tired.
a will go b went c would have gone d would go
20 If I ……… a camera, I would have taken some pictures.
21 You won’t pass the examination………you study more.
22 If only I …………you wanted to invest money in business.
a had known b knew c have known d know
Passive and Active voice
23 The teacher won’t correct exercises tomorrow.
24 All students attended the meeting.
25 People say that he is intelligent.
26 He can’t repair my bike.
27 Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
28 Mr Smith has taught us French for 2 years.
29 They didn’t look after the children properly.
30 People drink a great deal of tea in England.
31 People speak English all over the world.
32 Tom was writing 2 poems.
33 She often takes her dog for a walk.
34 She didn’t introduce me to her mother.
35 Farmers usually milk cows twice a day.
36 He likes people to call him “sir”.
37 Cows were eating grass on the meadow.
38 My cousin will meet you at the station.
39 Visitors must leave umbrellas and raincoats in the cloakroom.
40 My mother used to make us clean the house.
RELATIVE CLAUSE
COMBINE THESE SENTENCES BY USING RELATIVE PRONOUN
1 Chinese people have a very special kind of soup This kind of soup is made from shark’s fin
2 A lot of fish died everyday They live in the polluted sea
Trang 83 She ‘ll tell you the story That story will surprise you.
4 Yesterday, I visited Tri Nguyen aquarium It has various species of fish
5 The most beautiful park is opposite my house It has a lot of big trees
6 The girl was injured in the accident She is now in hospital
7 A man anwered the phone He told me you were away
8 A building was destroyed in the fire It has now been rebuilt
9 Some people were arrested They have now been released
10 A bus goes to the airport It runs every half an hour
11 You’ve all met Michael Wood He is visiting us for a couple of days
12 We are moving to Manchester.Manchester is the north west
13 The Earth is a planet It can support life
14 The book is about the girl She runs away from home
15 A dictionary is a book It gives you the meaning of words
16 The man was very kind I talk to him yesterday
17 The picture was very beautiful She was looking at it
18 I’ll give you the address You should write to it
1 It was hot, I turned on the air conditioner
A because B so C although D but
2 We walked half an hour to reach the village
A at B until C for D from
3 Trung likes sports
A.watch B watched C.watches D.watching
4 Mrs Yen forgot to turn the faucet when she
left for work
A on B, up C down D off
5 He suggested the children to the zoo
A take B should take C to take D taking
6 She forgot off the gas before going out
A turn B turning C to turn D
turned
7 Is he an actor a singer? - An actor
A and B or C with D so
8 I lost my pen I have looked it for all
morning
A at B after C up D for
9 She stays at home because she has to look
her baby
A at B after C up D for
10 What can we do to spend less lighting?
A in B on C about D of
11 Remember to turn the light before
going to bed
A of B off C on D up
12 His hobbies are playing soccer collecting
stamps
A and B but C however D
although
13 We can protect the environment by air
pollution
A reduce B reducing C reduced D to
reduce
28.I like reading books tell about peoples and their cultures
A which B whom C whose D who
29 We should take a shower instead of a bath to save …
A electricity B water C solar energy D gas
30 Tet is the most important for Vietnamese people
A celebration B party C memory D
opportunity
31 Ba ate a lot of food he wasn’t hungry
A so B because C therefore D though
32 I’d love to play volleyball I must finish my … homework
A since B moreover C but D and
33 Who looks your children when you are away from home?
A for B at C after D to
34 Why doesn’t she go with her university study?
A in B at C to D on
35 Her husband looks the children while she’s
at work
A after B for C at D to
36 I suggest money for the poor people in our neighborhood
A save B to save C saving D saved
37 He was tired, he took a rest before continuing the work
A so B and C but D if
38 If we go littering, the environment will become seriously polluted
A to B in C out D on
39 If people stop using dynamite for fishing, a lot of sea creatures will be well
A preserve B preservation C preserved D
preservative
Trang 914 She is very tired; , she has to finish her
homework
A moreover B so C and D
however
15 I suggest ……… to the movies
A go B going C went D to go
16 If he ……… a student, he must wear school
uniform
A was B were C is D will
be
17 My father is a ……… man who is loved by all his
friends
A general B free C generous D
charity
18 She got wet in the rain ………… she had a
raincoat
A but also B and then C not only D even
though
19 We stayed at home ………… it rained heavily
(3)
A and B because C so D but
20 We are talking about the preservation of
………… resources
A nature B natural C naturally D
naturalize
21 Everyone must take part in …………
deforestation
A preventing B prevent C prevented D to
prevent
22 If you like that book, I will give it ……… you as
my present
A from B at C for D to
23 If you have …… money, you can travel abroad
this summer
A many B a lots C a lot of D lot
of
24 The air in the city is very _
A pollute B polluted C pollution D
pollutant
25 We’ll make this beach clean and again
A beauty B beautiful C beautifully D
beautify
26 If the continues, what will happen?
polluted D pollutant
27/ Where is the cheese was in the fridge?
A who B whom C whose D which
55 A person who flies a plane is called a _
40 If you know where she lives, please let me …………
A to know B known C knew D know
41 Passover is ………… in Israel and by all Jewish people
celebrating D celebration
42 It is a time …… families to clean and decorate their homes
A for B to C by D in
43 You were standing there while I was walking … my groom
towards D untill
44 – Well done Paul! -
A You are welcome B Thanks C I’m sorry D You are very nice
45 I don’t like people ……… are never on time
A who B which C where D whom 46.Tet is a festival which …… in late January or early February
A celebrates B occurs C calls D crowds
47 ……… is your favourite sport , swimming or running
A What B Which C Whom D Whose
48 She sends me the book ……… she ……… two years ago
A.whom…writes B whose…wrote C.which…writes D.which… wrote
49/A(n) _ is a very heavy fall of snow, usually with a strong wind
A snowstorm B earthquake C volcano D typhoon
50/ A(n) is a sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface
A snowstorm B earthquake C volcano D typhoon
51/ A(n) is a violent tropical storm with very strong wind
A snowstorm B earthquake C volcano D typhoon
52/ The old man _you wanted to see was away on holiday yesterday
whose D which 53/ Miss Lien, sings very well, is my English teacher
D which 54/ Everything he said was true
D that
Trang 10A sailor B driver C pilot D soldier
64 UFOs are strange objects
A playing B flying C doing D
learning
65 In 1952, there were more than 1,500 UFO
sightings the world
A round B around C on D over
66 In 1964, he claimed he saw an / a object in one
of his fields
A egg- shaped B shaped C eggs-shaped
D shaped-eggs
67 He is an _ pilot
A experient B experiment C experience D
experienced
68 If today _ Sunday, we _ to the beach
A is/ would go B were/ would go C will be/
will go
D were/ will go
69 If it _ this morning, I will not go out
D raining
63 If I _ a bird, I would be a dove
D is
55 Many reports in newspapers talked about the _of UFOs
A appear B appearance C appeared D appearing
56 The story about UFOs caught the _ of the whole class
A imagine B imaginative C imaginatively
D imagination
57 If he were rich, he travel around the world
must
58 Mai could play the piano beautifully if she a piano
owns
59 He said that he met a alien from space
60 Scientists say that if people see a UFO, it _be a spacecraft
61 Where you go if you have a car?
were
62 You will fail the exam, you study harder
III Chia độ ng t trong ngo c thì ho c d ng thích h p (1,5 i m) ừ ặ ở ặ ạ ợ đ ể
1 The examiner asked me if I (speak) any foreign languages
2 If we go on littering, the environment (become) seriously polluted
3 I suggest (reduce) the amount of gas by traveling by public transport
4 We can save natural resources by (use).solar energy instead of coal, gas or oil
5 If the rice paddies (pollute), rice plants will die
6 Remember (take off) your shoes when you go into the temple
7 If we plant more trees along the streets, we ……… (have) more shade and fresh air
8 I suggest that you ………….(help) elderly people and war invalids with their chores
9 We ……… (go) to Da Nang to watch the firework display last year
10 I ………… (meet, not) her since we left high school
II Choose the best answer to complete the sentences (2,5 marks)
1 The woman ………… your mother is talking to is my teacher
A who B which C when
2 The girl ……… is wearing red dress is my sister
A who B which C where
3 Thanh Nghi is a place ………… I used to live
A where B what C who
4 The old lady ……… you met is my aunt
A whom B which C what
5 This is the best movie ……… I have seen
A that B who C whom