The Present Progressive Tense With the future meaning : thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với nghĩa tương lai nhằm diễn tả một hành động ở tương lai đã có chương trình hoặc kế hoạch thực hiện.. Di
Trang 1TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN LƯƠNG VĂN CHÁNH ĐỀ CƯƠNG ƠN TẬP THI TN THPT
The First Step Is Always The Hardest
(Vạn Sự Khởi Đầu Nan)
UNIT 1 : TENSE REVISION
A THE PRESENT SIMPLE, THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE,
THE PRESENT PERFECT
I The Present Simple Tense:
1 Form : to be
- Affirmative: S + V1… S + am/is/are……
- Negative: S + do/does + not + V… S + am/is/are + not…
- Interrogative: Do/Does + S + V….? Am/Is/Are + S ….?
2 Use :
a Diễn tả một hành động hoặc một thói quen ở hiện tại (always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally,seldom, rarely, every…….)
Ex: I usually go to school in the afternoon
b Diễn tả một chân lí, một sự thật lúc nào cũng đúng
Ex: The earth moves around the sun
3 Đối với ngôi thứ ba số ít: He, She, It.
a Thêm “S” vào sau động từ thường.
Ex: Lan often gets up early in the morning
b Thêm “ES” vào sau các động từ tận cùng là: ch, sh, s, x, o, z.
Ex: He watches a lot of TV on Sundays
II The Present Progressive Tense:
1 Form :
- Affirmative: S + am/is/are + V-ing……
- Negative: S + am/is/are + not + V-ing…
- Interrogative: Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing ….?
2 Use:
Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra trong lúc nói (now, at the moment, at this time, at present….)
Ex: - I am looking for the latest newspaper now
- They are watching a sport game show at the moment
3 Note:
A Một số động từ không dùng ở thì Present Progressive mà chỉ dùng ở thì Present Simple: to be, to want, to
need, to have (có), to know, to understand…
Ex: - We are tenth-grade students now
- I understand the lesson at the moment
B The Present Progressive Tense ( With the future meaning) : thì hiện tại tiếp diễn với nghĩa
tương lai nhằm diễn tả một hành động ở tương lai đã có chương trình hoặc kế hoạch thực hiện
Ex : We are having an English speaking club next week
III The Present Perfect Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + has/have +V3/ed…
- Negative: S + has/have + not + V3/ed…
- Interrogative: Has/Have + S + V3/ed….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại (never, ever, not…yet, since, for, so far,until now, up to now,…….)
Ex: We have learnt English for 5 years
b Diễn tả một hành động vừa mới xảy ra (just, recently, lately)
Ex: She has just gone out
c Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ không xác định rõ thời gian (already, before)
Ex: Have you seen this movie before?
3 Notes
a Cách dùng của since và for
- SINCE: chỉ mốc thời gian (2000, September, I last saw you, …)
- FOR: chỉ khoảng thời gian (3 months, a long time, ages, …)
Trang 2b S + has/have +V3/ed…… since + S + V2/ed….
Ex: We have known each other since we worked in this factory
c Các trạng từ: never, ever, just, already thường đứng giữa trợ động từ (has/ have) và động từ chính (V3/ed) Ex: I have already finished my homework.
Practice Makes Perfect
(Luyện Tập Sẽ Hoàn Thiện Kỹ Năng)
Exercise 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the best answer :
1 It………quite often in Britain during the winter
2 Every twelve months, the Earth………the Sun
3 Right now, Jim……… the newspaper and Kathy………dinner Last night at this time, they………….the same thing
A is reading / is making / were doing B reads / makes / had done
C has read / has made / are doing D will read / will make / did
4 My father usually………beer after meals but now he………tea
A drank / was drinking B drinks / is drinking C drinks / drinks D has drunk / drinks
5 Wars………….the most terrible At the moment, wars……….in some places in the world
A are / happened B have been / have been happening C were / are happeningD are / are
happening
6 Since his bicycle……… stolen last week, he………to school by bus
A has been ghoes B had been / was going C was / has gone D was / went
7 You can’t see Tom because he………
A is working B was working C has been working D had been working
8 I have never played table tennis before This is the first time I to play
9 Hurry up! Our train at 7 o’clock We have just a little minutes
10 The child is still ill but he better gradually
11 Don’t bother her She her violin lesson; she always it in the morning
A takes / is taking B takes / takes C is taking / is taking D is taking / takes
12 The existence of many stars in the sky us to suspect that there may be life on another planet
13 The population of the world at a tremendous rate and out of control
A has increased / are soon going to B is increased / soon will be
C in increasing / soon will be D has been increasing / are soon
14 Medical researchers for ways to control, prevent and cure cancers
15 I’ll come to see you before I for the United States
Exercise 2: READING COMPREHENSON:
A Read the following passage and choose the best answer a, b, c or d:
In my family, my wife, Catherine , is the first person (1) up in the morning She’s great!Normally I like to get up early too
I hate going to bed, but I’m a good sleeper (2) , my daughter and my dog often keep
me awake (3) nights They’re full of energy and every day is full of new opportunities Just seeingthem makes me smile
I don’t do (4) housework I don’t cook When I’m hungry I just want to eat – the idea
of planning a meal is not something I’m good at I do a bit of vacuuming now and again and I’m capable ofcleaning the bath I wish I had more time to do ironing (5) I find that really calming
Trang 33 a during b in c between d at
B Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase.
There are many reasons (41) _ taking regular time with our family is important:
It (42) _ a place to listen, teach,.learn, and (43) _ ourselves freely and safely
It provides (44) _ to discuss family joys, issues, and problems
Family members can practice skills in a non-threatening (45) _
Families are a (46) _ part of our society and the fabric of our communities - we spend (47) _ time together to get our feelings (48) _ belonging, our values, support and understanding
It helps (49) _ family members together and feel safe in today's world where (50) _ can lead to family disintegration
If At First You Don’t Succeed, Try, Try Again
(Nỗ lực kiên trì là chìa khóa của thành công)
UNIT 2 : TENSE REVISION ( Cont.)
B THE PAST SIMPLE, THE PAST PROGRESSIVE, THE PAST PERFECT AND THE FUTURE SIMPLE
I The Past Simple Tense
1 Form to be
- Affirmative: S + V2/ed… S + was/were……
- Negative: S + did + not + V… S + was/were + not…
- Interrogative: Did + S + V….? Was/Were + S ….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ xác định rõ thời gian (yesterday, ago, last……, in the past, in
1990)
Ex: - My father bought this house 10 years ago
- Mr Nam worked here in 1999
b Diễn tả một loạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ
Ex: - Last night, I had dinner, did my homework, watched TV and went to bed
- When she came here in 1990, she worked as a teacher
II The Past Progressive Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + was/were + V-ing…
- Negative: S + was/were + not + V-ing…
- Interrogative: Was/Were + S + V-ing….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: They were playing chess at 4 o’clock yesterday
b Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra có một hành động khác xen vào trong quá khứ (when, while, as) Hành
động đang xảy ra dùng thì Past Progressive, hành động xen vào ra dùng thì Past Simple.
Ex: - I was studying my lessons when he came
- We saw him while we were walking along the street
III The Past Perfect Tense
Trang 41 Form
- Affirmative: S + had + V3/ed…
- Negative: S + had + not + V3/ed…
- Interrogative: Had + S + V3/ed….?
2 Use
a Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ
Ex: By the end of last month, she had made 4 skirts
b Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ (before, after, by the
time) Hành động xảy ra trước dùng thì Past Perfect, hành động xảy ra sau dùng thì Past Simple.
Ex: - After Nam had done his homework, he went to bed
- They had lived in Dong Thap before they moved to HCM city
IV The Future Simple Tense
1 Form
- Affirmative: S + will/shall + Vo….
- Negative: S + will/shall + not + Vo…
- Interrogative: Will/Shall + S + Vo….?
(will not = won’t; shall not = shan’t)
2 Use
Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra ở tương lai (tomorrow, in the future, next… ), không có dự định trước.
Ex: It will rain tomorrow
3 Notes
a Trong câu nghi vấn, chúng ta chỉ dùng Shall I/Shall We… ?
Ex: Shall we go out for a dinner tonight?
b be going + Vo: Diễn tả một dự định ở tương lai.
Ex: I am going to play volleyball on Sunday
V The Perfect Future Tense: (Tương lai hoàn thành)
a Form :
- Khẳng định : S + will + have + V3,ed
- Phủ định : S + will + not + have + V3,ed
- Nghi vấn : Shall / will + S + have + V3, ed … ?
Dấu hiệu nhận biết : By the end of …… Ex : By the end of this year, I will have had a new bike.
Note : Sau when , while , before , after , until, by the time, as , as soon as, if ……….) không dùng thì tương lai
mà chỉ dùng thì hiện tại đơn
Ex : She will phone her parents when she comes here next week.
THE SEQUENCE OF TENSES IN ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME.
1 When:
- When / by the time + S + V1 / Vs , es , S + V1 / Vs, es (often, usually, always)
S + will + V1 (sẽ xảy ra : next, tomorrow)
S + will + have + V3,ed (just, already, for + time)
Ra lệnh : V1
Ex : When / by the time he comes, he will have taken a break for 15 minutes
Remind me when I forget
- When + S + V2/ ed , S + V2/ ed (2 chủ từ giống nhau)
S + was / were + Ving (2 chủ từ khác nhau / hành động diển ra lâu hơn)
S + had + V3,ed (just, already, for + time / hành động xảy ra trước)
Ex : When we came, they were dancing
When we came, we saw many people there
When I got home, everybody had gone to bed
2 While:
- While S + (am / is / are) + V-ing, S + V1 / V(s, es) (often, usually, always)
- While S + (was / were) + V-ing, S + (was / were) + Ving (2 hành động đồng thời xảy ra ở QK)
S + V2,ed
3 Before + S + V2/ ed , S + had + V3,ed and After + S + had + V3,ed , S + V2/ ed
4 Since + S + V2/ ed, S + have / has + V3,ed
Note : - Before he went to bed, he had brushed his teeth.
- After I finish my homework, I will watch TV (Hiện tại)
TRANSFORMATION OF VERBS (Biến đổi động từ)
Trang 51 S + have / has (not) + V3,ed + (O) for / since + time Ex : I have not met him for 3 years.
The last time + S + V2/ ed was time ago ………
2 S + started / began / came + V –ing / to – V1 / N + time ago
S + has / have + V3,ed + since / for + time
S + has / have + been + Ving + since / for + time
Ex
: I started working here 2 months ago
………
Rome Wasn’t Built In A Day
(Việc Khó Đâu Dễ Một Sớm Một Chiều Mà Xong)
Exercise 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the best answer (unit2) :
1 My friend, Mary, arrived after I……… for her about half an hour
A was waiting B had been waiting C have been waiting D have waited
2 The accident………when we were on the way to Vung Tau
3 It was midnight Outside it………very hard
4 When he……… at the station, his train already………
A arrived / left B arrived / had left C had arrived / left D arrives / leaves
5 You……….your new hat when I ……….you yesterday
6 As I………the glass, it suddenly ……… into two pieces
7 When I………….to the party, Sally and Doug………… , John……….drinks
A was coming / had danced / made B had come / danced / made
C came / were dancing / was making D have come / are dancing / is making
8 When I……….there, dinner………, so I had a drink first
9 He……….for her for nearly one hour last night before she………
A was waiting / came B had been waiting / came
C has waited / comes D waited / will come
10 Andrew……… the test before so he……… it very easy
A did / had found B had done / found C was doing / found D did / was finding
11 While her brother was in the army, Sarah to him twice a week
12 When I last him, he in London
13 I was sad when I sold my car I it for a very long time
14 By next month, Laura for the company for twenty years
15 When I last saw John, he and was out of breath
Exercise 2: READING COMPREHENSON:
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.:
Traditions, saying, beliefs, language, and values are just a few things that make up our culture Culture is the
framework in which families are structured It shapes our expectations and ideals Culture plays a part in the
meaning of marriage and our roles as husbands, wives, children and parents
Trang 6Understanding cultural differences and similarities related to marriage is important Culture affects the rolesthat spouses take within marriages, the age at marriage and number of children a couple have, the meaning ofdivorce, cohabitation and non-marital childbearing, and the way parents raise children Understanding howrelationships and marriages vary across cultural contexts, and how they are similar, we will be able to identify theunique ways that marriages and family life affect people of various cultures As a result, we will be able to helpfamilies and sustain happy marriages.
A cross cultural marriage or similar love relationship can be extremely exciting The cultural background,visits to the other country, the language of the country and learning to speak it, the different habits and ways ofdoing and saying things that people from other cultures have, are all very exciting indeed What of thedisadvantages of a cross cultural marriage or love relationship with someone from another country or culturalbackground? No matter how much you love your husband or wife, no matter how high your level of cross culturalawareness, cross cultural communication and respect for differences Misunderstanding seems to be unavoidable
1 The passage is about _
a the effects of cultures on love and marriage b the definition of culture
c the role of spouses in the family d cultural differences
2 The word It refers to _.
3 According to the writer, cross-cultural marriage _
a does not have advantages
b does not have disadvantages
c have both advantages and disadvantages
d does not exist through time
4 According to the passage, which of the following is not affected by culture?
c How much spouses love each other d The roles of spouses
5 In cross-cultural marriage, _ may happen
The Pen Is Mightier Than The Sword
(Chữ Nghĩa Mạnh Hơn Gươm Giáo) UNIT 3 : Directed speech and reported speech
( Trực tiếp – Gián tiếp)
I Lời nới trực tiếp và lời nĩi gián tiếp
1 Lời nĩi trực tiếp: là sự lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nĩi.
- Lời nĩi trực tiếp được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép và sau động từ chính cĩ dấu phẩy(,) hoặc dấu hai chấm(:)
- Đơi khi mệnh đề chính cũng cĩ thể đặt sau lời nĩi trực tiếp
Ex: “ I don’t like this party” Bill said
2 Lời nĩi gián tiếp (indirect/reported speech) là lời tường thuật lại ý của người nĩi, đơi khi khơng cần phải dung đúng
những từ của người nĩi
Ex: Bill said that he didn’t like that party
II Lời nĩi gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở hiện tại
Ex: My teacher of Geography says, “ The Sun rises in the East.”
My teacher of Geography says ( that ) the Sun rises in the East.
III Lời nĩi gián tiếp với động từ giới thiệu ở quá khứ
Ex: Nam said, “ I am doing my homework now.”
Nam said (that) he was doing his homework then.
* Câu trần thuật trong lời nĩi gián tiếp ( Statements in reported speech)
S + V + O
said / to Sb (O) + That + S 2 V 2
S 1 + told (O) + That + S 2 V 2
talked + about st
*Note: Cĩ thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: thought, announced, explained, complained, believed…
EX: They said, “We’ll return to Paris next month”
- They said they would return to Paris the month after
S1 + says (that) + S2 + V’ + O’
Trang 7Những quy tắc biến đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp
1 Verbs
(Động từ)
Present simple (V/Vs/es) Past simple (Ved)Present progressive (is/am/are+Ving) Past progressive (was/were+Ving)Present perfect (have/has+VpII) Past perfect (had+VPII)
Past progressive (was/were +Ving) Past progressive/
Past perfect progressive (had +been +Ving)
Future simple (will +V) Future in the past (would +V)Near future (is/am/are +going to+V) Was/were +going to +V
2 Modal verbs Will
CanMayMust
WouldCouldMightMust/Had to
The day after tomorrow Two days after/ in two days’ time
5 Subject
*Câu mệnh lệnh, câu yêu cầu, câu đề nghị, lời khuyên….trong lời nĩi gián tiếp ( Orders, requests, offers,
advice… in indirect speech)
V + O
Asked/told + Object (+ not) + To-infinitive
S 1 + Offered/recommended (+ Object) + To-infinitive
*Note: Cĩ thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: commanded, requested, begged, promised, advised, invited, reminded…
* Câu hỏi trong lời nĩi gián tiếp (Questions in reported speech)
WH + Auxiliary + S + V + O? S1 + asked (+ Object) + WH + S2V2
*Note: Cĩ thể sử dụng một số ĐT dẫn sau: inquired, wondered, wanted to know…
Better Late Than Never
(Thà Muộn Còn Hơn Không)
Exercise 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE :
Choose the best answer (Unit 3)
1 John asked me _ in English
a what does this word mean b what that word means
c what did this word mean d what that word meant
2 The mother told her son _ so impolitely
a not behave b not to behave c not behaving d did not behave
Trang 83 John asked me _ that film the night before.
a that I saw b had I seen c if I had seen d if had I seen
4 The guest told the host that _
c he had to go now d he had to go then
5 The teacher told Joe _
a to stop talking b stop talking c stops talking d stopped talking
6 She said she _
a was very tired last night b was very tired the night before
c had been very tired last night d had been very tired the night before
7 Emily said that her teacher _ to London _
a will go / tomorrow b went / tomorrow
c would go / the next day d had gone / the next day
8 "How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary
a Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress
b Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress
c Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress
d Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress
9 "Hello, Mary!" Peter said '
a Peter said hello Mary b Peter said Mary hello
c Peter told Mary hello d Peter greeted Mary
10 "Why don't you ask the teacher for help?" Peter asked me
a Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help
b Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help ,
c Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help
d Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help
11 He asked me _ Robert and I said I did not know _
a that did I know / who were Robert b that I knew / who Robert were
c if I knew / who Robert was d whether I knew / who was Robert
12 The mother asked her son _
a where he has been b where he had been c where has he been d where had he been
13 Martin asked me _
a how is my father b how my father is c how was my father d how my father was
14 She asked me _ my holidays _
a where I spent / the previous year b where I had spent / the previous year
c where I spent / last year d where did I spend / last year
15 He advised _ too far
a her did not go b her do not go c her not to go d she did not go
16 John often says he _ boxing because it _ a cruel sport
a does not like / is b did not like / were
c not liked / had been d had not liked / was
17 Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer _
18 He asked _ him some money
a her to lend b she to lend c she has lent d she lends
19 Andrew told me that they _ fish two _ days
c did not eat / before d would not eat / last
20 Jason told me that he _ his best in the exam the _ day
Exercise 2: READING COMPREHENSON:
Read the passage carefully and choose the correct answer.
Communication in general is process of sending and receiving messages that enables humans to shareknowledge, attitudes, and skills Although we usually identify communication with speech, communication iscomposed of two dimensions - verbal and nonverbal
Nonverbal communication has been defined as communication without words It includes apparent behaviorssuch as facial expressions, eyes, touching, tone of voice, as well as less obvious messages such as dress, postureand spatial distance between two or more people
Trang 9Activity or inactivity, words or silence all have message value: they influence others and these others, in turn,respond to these communications and thus they are communicating.
Commonly, nonverbal communication is learned shortly after birth and practiced and refined throughout aperson's lifetime Children first learn nonverbal expressions by watching and imitating, much as they learn verbalskills
Young children know far more than they can verbalize and are generally more adept at reading nonverbal
cues than adults are because of their limited verbal skills and their recent reliance on the nonverbal tocommunicate As children develop verbal skills, nonverbal channels of communication do' not cease to existalthough become entwined in the total communication process
1 According to the writer,
a Nonverbal language is only used by the deaf and the mute
b One cannot communicate in both verbal and nonverbal language
c Those who can listen and talk should not use nonverbal language
d People communicate with both verbal and nonverbal language
2 Which is not included in nonverbal communication?
a words b spatial distance c facial expressions d tone of voice
3 We can learn from the text that
a nonverbal can never get any responses
b most people do not like nonverbal communication
c even silence has message value
d touching is not accepted in communicating
4 Human beings
a have learnt how to communicate in nonverbal language through books
b can communicate in nonverbal language only when they are mature
c have learnt how to communicate in nonverbal language since a child
d communicate in nonverbal language much less than they do in verbal language
5 The word reading has a close meaning to .
a looking at the words that are written b understanding
Necessity Is The Mother of Invention(Cái Khó Mới Ló Cái Khôn)
UNIT 4 : PASSIVE VOICE
II Passive voice: Thể bị động
Active: S + V + O (place) (time)
Passive: S + BE + V3/ed + (place) + (by O) + (time)
S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being +V3/ed
S + has/have + V3/ed + O S + has/have + been + V3/ed
S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being +V3/ed
S + will/shall + Vo + O S + will/shall + be +V3/ed
Ex: - Active: She arranges the books on the shelves every weekend.
Passive: The books are arranged on the shelves (by her) every weekend
- Active: They have built a new bridge across the river
Passive: A new bridge has been built across the river (by them)
- Active: Mai was watching a cartoon at 8 o’clock last night
Passive: A cartoon was being watched by Mai at 8 o’clock last night
PASSIVE OF MODAL VERBS + EXERCISES Note: Passive Voice of Modal Verbs
Các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must, had
better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, …
Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + ……
Trang 10Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……
Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now
Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month
S modal verb be V-ed by O
You’re Never Too Old To Learn
(Học Thì Không Bao Giờ Quá Muộn)
Exercise 1: MULTIPLE CHOICE
Choose the best answer (Unit 4)
1 The teacher explained the rule to the student
A The rule was explained to the student B The students were explained the rule
C The students were explained the rules D A and B are correct
2 I am sure we’ll settle the matter easily
A I’m sure the matter will settle easily B I’m sure the matter will be settled easily
C I’m sure the matter will settled easily D I’m sure the matter won’t be settled easily
3 Have they tested all the machines?
A Have all the machines be tested? B Have all the machines been testing?
C Have all the machines been tested? D Have all the machines been being testing?
4 The manager offers me several jobs
A I was offers several jobs B I am offered several jobs
5 I still can not believe it My bicycle some minutes ago
6 The children’s arm was swollen because he by a bee
7 Today, many serious childhood diseases by early immunization
8 Many U.S automobiles in Detroit, Michigan
A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing
9 Last night a tornado swept through Rockvill It everything in its path
A destroyed B was destroyed C was being destroyed D had been destroyed
10 Dynamite _ by Alfred Bernard Nobel
A have been invented B invented C was invented D was being invented
11 _ this work _ before you went to Moscow?
A Will/ have been done B Has/ been done C Will/ be done D Had/ been done
12 If you about it, will you be able to answer?
13 “ Can’t we do something about the situation?”- “ Something _ right now.”
14 The university by private funds as well as by tuition income
A is supported B supports C is supporting D has supported
15 This picture _ by Johnny when I came
Exercise 2: READING COMPREHENSON:
Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase:
Children in (1) _ Netherlands must be at least four years old to (2) _ primary education Almost all year-olds (99.3%) in the country indeed attend primary school, (3) _ this is not compulsory until children reachthe age (4) _ 5 Primary school is free of charge In most schools, children are grouped by (5) _ in mixedability classes, with one teacher for all subjects Primary school (6) _ of 8 groups, thus schooling 7) _ for 8years During the first two years, which (48) _ kindergarten, children receive an average of 22 hours of (9) _, during the last 6 years children receive an average of 25 hours per week Schools are open 5 days a week,but children are free on Wednesday afternoon At the end of primary school, or in group 8, schools advice onsecondary school choice Most schools use a national test to support this advice, for instance the 'Citotoets’, a test(10) by the Central Institute for Test development
Trang 115 a old b elderly c aging d age
8 a also called b is also called c is called also d is also calling
Never Put Off Until Tomorrow What You Can Do Today
(Việc gì làm được hôm nayĐừng nên để đến ngày mai mới làm)
IV SPEAKING (Unit 1, 2, 3, 4) :
Choose the phrase or sentence - a, b, c or d - that best completes the conversation :
1 - What an attractive hair style you have got, Mary!
- _
a Thank you very much I am afraid b You are telling a lie
c Thank you for your compliment d I don't like your sayings
2 - You look great in this new dress
-
a With pleasure b Not at all c I am glad you like it d Do not say anything about it
3 - How well you are playing!
-
a Say it again I like to hear your words b I think so I am proud of myself
4 “Females are better at learning a foreign language than males.” “ ”
a I’m not sure I agree Males learn foreign languages as well as males
b I don’t like it c It’s important to learn a foreign language
d Me too It’s good to learn English
5 “ I think the project will create employment” “ ”
a It sure will b Yeah I think so, too c Are you absolutely sure? d a, b and c
6 “ Watching television is a waste of time?” “ ”
a I enjoy watching cartoon b I don’t think so, either
7 “ ” “ Oh, thanks I’m glad you like it.”
a What does your house cost? b I like your house It has a nice view
c I don’t know how to get to your house d Who designed this beautiful house?
8 “ Why don’t you take a break ?” “ ”
a Because I’m tired b I don’t agree c Sure, go ahead d I guess I should
9 “ Somebody hit my car in the middle of the night ” “ ”
a Yeah, that’s a good idea b If I were you, I’d call the police
c You’d better call the police d b and c
10 “ I have a high fever and a bad headache.” “ ”
a Why don’t you see a doctor? b I want to become a doctor
UNITS 5-8
CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1/ Type I Conditionals: (Future Possible)
(will/ shall/ can + inf.)
* Điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả một sự việc cĩ khả năng sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai
Ví dụ: If you don’t study, you won’t pass your exam.
Lưu ý: a - Thay vì dùng Simple Future, ta dùng Can, May, Must + Verb (without to) hoặc mệnh lệnh cách (Imperative
form) ở mệnh đề chính
Ví dụ: If you try hard, you can pass the exam.
If you see Tom, give him this book, please
b - Thì present simple cĩ thể dùng ở mệnh đề chính để chỉ một điều kiện cĩ thực (a real condition)
Ví dụ: If you are right, I am wrong.
2/ Type II Conditionals: (Present unreal)
Simple past Present Conditional (would/ should + inf.)
* Điều kiện này dùng để diễn tả những sự việc trái với sự thực hiện tại hoặc hồn tồn khơng thể xảy ra trong tương lai
Trang 12Ví dụ: If I had a lot of money, I would travel around the world.
If I were a bird, I would be a pigeon
Lưu ý: - Ở mệnh đề If loại II, Past simple thực ra là Past Subjunctive (quá khứ giả định); hai hình thức này giống
nhau nhưng động từ Be ta dùng Were cho tất cả các ngôi thứ; trong văn nói ta có thể dùng Was với (I, He, She, It)
- Would thường được viết tắt là ’d
3/ Type III Conditionals: (Past unreal)
Past perfect Perfect Conditional
(would/ should + have + p.p)
* Điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ, để diễn tả những tình huống trái với thực tế trong quá khứ.
Ví dụ: I didn’t go to the party last night If I had attended the party, I would have met you.
4/ Mixed Conditionals:
Past perfect Present Conditional
(would/ should + inf.)
* Trong câu điều kiện loại này, mệnh đề điều kiện diễn tả sự việc trái sự thật quá khứ trong khi mệnh đề chính diễn tảviệc trái sự thật hiện tại
Ví dụ: If she had applied for that job last year, she would be very rich now
* Lưu ý : + Có thể bỏ IF nếu trợ động từ đứng trước động từ như :
Ex : If it stops raining = Should it stops raining
If I were rich = Were I rich
If he had known = Had he known
+ Unless = If… not
Ex : These plants will die unless you water them regularly
= These plants will die if you don’t water them regularly
MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ
( Mệnh đề tính ngữ )
A - Được nối với mệnh đề chính bởi các đại từ quan hệ :
1 – WHO : đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người , làm chủ ngữ cho động từ sau nó
Ex : The woman who lives next door is very friendly
2 – WHOM : đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người , làm tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó
Ex : The man whom you saw yesterday is my uncle
3 – WHICH : đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ con vật , đồ vật , làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ cho động từ sau nó
Ex : The book which has some wonderful pictures is about Africa
The which you gave me is lovely
4 – THAT : đại từ quan hệ chỉ cả người , vật , đồ vật , dùng thay cho who , whom , which trong mệnh đề quan hệ cógiới hạn
Ex : The book that you lent me is interesting
This is the man that I met in Paris last month
Lưu ý : + That thường được dùng sau danh từ có tính từ so sánh bậc nhất ( the best , the most ,…; everybody ,
anybody , nobody , somebody , everything , something …)
Ex : He’s the best teacher that I have ever known
+ That được dùng khi danh từ trước nó chỉ cả người và vật
Ex : I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park
+ That không bao giờ dùng trong mệnh đề không giới hạn và không đứng sau giới từ
+ Nếu that làm tân ngữ thì ta có thể bỏ đi
Ex : Have you ever seen the dress that I’ve just bought ?
= Have you ever seen the dress I’ve just bought ?
5 – WHOSE : đại từ quan hệ đứng sau danh từ chỉ người và thay cho tính từ sở hữu đứng trước danh từ
Ex : I’ve got a friend whose brother is an actor
B – Và các trạng từ quan hệ :
6 – WHEN : trạng từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ thời gian , dùng để thay thế cho : at/ on / in which , then
Ex : I’ll never forget the day when / on which I met her
That was the time when / at which he managed the company
7 – WHERE : trạng từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ nơi chốn , dùng để thay cho : at/on/in which , there
Ex : I went to the office where / in which my father works
Dalat is the place where / to which I like to come
8 – WHY : trạng từ quan hệ đứng sau từ chỉ lý do , dùng để thay cho : for the reason
Ex : I don’t understand the reason why he was late
C – Phân loại : có 2 loại
C 1 : Mệnh đề quan hệ có giới hạn :
Không có mệnh đề này câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa vì từ đứng trước chưa xác định
Ex : I don’t know the man who is talking to Mary
The picture which Tom is looking at is beautiful
Trang 13C 2 : Mệnh đề quan hệ không giới hạn :
Không có mệnh đề này , câu vẫn đủ nghĩa bởi vì từ đứng trước đã được xác định Trước danh từ thường có : this ,that , these , those , my , your , her , his , their , our , hoặc tên riêng Nó được ngăn cách với mệnh đề chính bằng cácdấu phẩy
Ex : His father , who is working in a shoe factory , will retire next year
I had a personal talk with Jane , who wanted to take that job
ALTHOUGH , EVEN THOUGH
1 – Although :
- Là liên từ sử dụng để hình thành một mệnh đề phụ mang nghĩa trái ngược với mệnh đề chính trong câu
Ex : Although I asked her , she didn’t come
- Vị trí : thường là ở đầu mệnh đề phụ và mệnh đề này có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính
Ex : She didn’t come although I asked her
Although he is very tired , he tries his best to finish the race
- Khi mệnh đề phụ chứa although đứng đầu câu thì ở mệnh đề chính không dùng but hay yet mà chỉ dùng dấu
phẩy để tách 2 mệnh đề Nếu mệnh đề chính đứng trước thì ta không dùng dấu phẩy
- Ta có thể sử dụng though thay thế cho although trong văn nói hay văn phong thân mật
Ex : Though I asked her , she didn’t come
2 – Even though :
- Là dạng nhấn mạnh của although Vị trí cũng như cách dùng của nó giống như although
Ex : Even though I asked her , she didn’t come
MẠO TỪ
1 – Mạo từ xác định : THE
Mạo từ xác định được sử dụng :
a Đề cập đến một người , vật hay sự vật đã được nhắc đến từ trước
Ex : I bought a shirt and a pullover this morning Unluckily , the pullover is too tight
b Đề cập đến cái mà ngươì nghe lẫn người nói đều biết cho dù nó chưa được nhắc đến từ trước
Ex : Where ‘s the bathroom ? – Over there , in the corner
c Đề cập đến những đối tượng tồn tại duy nhất
Ex : The Sun rises in the east
d Trong những câu hay mệnh đề mà người nói muốn xác định đối tượng đề cập
Ex : The singer who sang this song is not very famous
e Trước tên các đại dương , rặng núi , sa mạc …
Ex : The Sahara , the Pacific Ocean , the Alps
f Trước dạng so sánh bậc nhất và số thứ tự
Ex : the first , the most beautiful
g Đề cập tới thập niên
Ex : I was born and grew up in the eighties
h Cùng với các tính từ để nói đến quốc tịch hay đề cập đến một nhóm người nào đó
Ex : The rich should help the poor
The Americans produce Coke
2 – Mạo từ không xác định : A , AN
Mạo từ a được sử dụng trước các danh từ đếm được bắt đầu bằng phụ âm và mạo từ an trước các danh từ bắt đầu
bằng nguyên âm
Mạo từ không xác định được sử dụng :
a Khi lần đầu tiên đề cập đến chuyện gì
Ex : I met a good person on the street
b Đề cập đến 1 loại , hạng mục nào đó
Ex : The elephant has a long truck
c Trong câu cảm thán với các danh từ đếm được
Ex : What a beautiful day !
She is such a beautiful girl !
d Đề cập đến 1 đối tượng đơn lẻ , có nghĩa là “ một”
Ex : The burglar took a valuable painting
3 – Những trường hợp không sử dụng a và an :
a Trước tên các quốc gia :
Ex : Japan , Germany …
* Lưu ý : The United States , The United Kingdom , The Philippines , The Neitherlands
b Trước tên các ngôn ngữ :
Ex : French , English , Latin
c Trước tên các bữa ăn :
Ex : lunch , breakfast , dinner
Trang 14d Trước tên các tước hiệu :
Ex : Queen Elizabeth , President Bill Clinton
e Trước tên các ngọn núi , ao hồ :
Ex : Mount St Helen , Lake Windermere
f Trước các địa danh của các thị trấn , phố xá , nhà ga , sân bay , đường phố :
Ex : Heathrow Airport , Bond Street
GIỚI TỪ
1 – Be on time : đúng giờ
2 – Be in time : kịp giờ
3 – Die of an illness : chết vì căn bệnh gì
4 – Be on business : đi công tác
5 – Be on holiday : đi nghỉ
6 – In the end = Finally , at last : cuối cùng
7 – At the end of sth : cuối của
8 – Believe in sth / s.o : tin tưởng vào cái gì đó / vào ai đó
9 – Warn so about sth : cảnh báo ai đó về điều gì đó
10 – Be famous for sth : nổi tiếng về điều gì đó
11 – Marry to s.o : kết hôn với ai đó
BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG
UNIT 5 :
I – Grammar :
1 I am flying to the United States tonight I you a ring if I can find a phone
2 If I 10 years younger, I the job
c had been / will have taken d were / would take
3 I had learnt English when I was at high school
4 You are not allowed to use the club’s facilities you are a member
5 If she the train last night, she here now
c had taken / would have been d had taken / would be
6 more carefully, he would not have had the accident yesterday
7 If you to my advice, you in trouble now
c had listened / would not have been d had listened / would not be
8 If it warm yesterday, we would have gone to the beach
9 that problem with the car, we wouldn’t have missed the speech
10 If you hear from Susan today, her to ring me
II - Read the passage and fill in the blanks with a suitable word from the box :
A-level (Advanced level) is a British exam taken in a particular subject, usually in the (11) year of school A-levels are still the most common way of fulfilling the entry (12) for degreecourses in universities Most students in the UK start preparing for A-level exams(13) they areaged around sixteen or seventeen and courses normally last for two years, although some independentcolleges and some colleges of further education offer intensive one-year A-level (14) Studentsusually take between two and four (15) at one time and will normally be expected to have aGCSE( General Certificate of Secondary Education) or equivalent (16) in the subject they wish
to take at A-level Assessment for most subjects is in the form of written exam at the end of the course.Passes are(17) between A and E with A being the highest An AS level (AdvancedSupplementary) is of an(18) standard to an A-level but has half the subject content In terms ofentrance requirements for a degree course, two AS levels(19) as one A-level AS levels are