ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR QUIZZES IN CHAPTER 5 537 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR QUIZZES IN CHAPTER 5 READING ~ Progress Chart for 1110 Reading Quiz The chart below will help you
Trang 153e ANSWERS AN D AUDIO SCRIPTS fOR ACTIVmES QUIZZES AND MOOEl TESTS
o Activity 40, CD 3, Track 6 Now that you have read Ihe explanation of strategic business
alliances in the reading, listen to part 01 a Ioecture 00 a slmilar topic
Okay now I want you to think about two companies that have historically been In competition lor the
package delivery service in the United States Well the first to come to mind has to be the U.S Postal
Service right? But now think lasldelivery For that Federal Express is at the top of the list Btlt.lnstead
01 viewing Iheir relationship as tolally competilive Ihese two companies struck an unprecedented
strategic alliaroce seV8fal years ago The U.S Postal Service agreed to leI Federal Express plaoo pack·
age collection boxes at Iho4.Isands 01 post oUites Ihroughout the United States, which was great lor Fed
Ex because they achieved an immediate national p!'esance But in exchange Fed Ex allowed lhe Postal
SeMce to buy u used space on Ille Federal EXp!'ess airplanes in order to carry first·class priority and
most Importantly expl'&SS mail envelopes and packages increasing the speed with which they coold
deliver the ma~ without purchasing alrcralt Moreover by sharing web sites 10 track their deliveries both
companies have been able to create a larger Inlemet p!'esance
So why would thesa companies be wiUlog 10 help each other? PfObably the most commonly
espoused explanation is that they both are banling fax e·mail and other emerging messaging teen
noIogles and Ihelr combined resources may result in survival and success for both oltMm against a
common threat And that lits In nicely with the whole concep t of strategic alliances But besides that
many countries- New Zealand Sweden Germany and the Netherlands to name only a few-Ihese
coonlfles have ended the special government status that postal services have traditionally enjoyed with
all the benefits Including tax advantages and subsicfl(!s So it may be that the U.S Postal Service is try·
log 10 find alternatives to show Pfogress before privatization ends its chance 01 survival And Federal
Exprass m~ht be positioning llsal! to be tho really big winner if the Postal Service goes up on Ihe aliC·
tion bIodI at some time in the future In other words the real purpose 01 strategic alliances may be to
serve oompellng Interests In the Ioog term
Summarize the major points in the reading expleining how the lecture supports these ideas
Acoording to the reading a global economy may necessitate strategic alliances Unlike a merger or
a joint venture that creates a separate business, a strategic alliance permits companies to retain their
Individual Identities whiJe they collaborate In achieving their goals In general the agreement allows
companies to snare resources, as in the case 01 a business that exchanges technical experience for
financial support or a business that allows another company to use its bfand advantage in exchange lor
a p!'oouct with e large markel An intemational agreement benefits businesses with prooucts to sell
overseas when they ally with foreign actvertislng companies The primary advantage 01 stratagic
allianceS Is that they are not difficult either to organize or to terminate a benefit wh8fl business
condi-tions are shifting
An e)(8mple of a strategic aDlance Is the agreement between the U.S Postal Service and Federal
Express In which the Postal Service allowed Fed Ex to plaoo Its depositories In a large number 01 post
otflces In exchange for the opportunity to buy space 00 Fed Ex airplanes Both companies retained their
identities and the alliance craated mutual benefit On the one hand the Postal Service obtained
trans-portation lor their first ctass, priority and express mail without purchasing aIrcralt and on the other
hand, Fed Ex secured a national p!'esence IOf their brand Moreover by sharing web sites, both com·
panies Increased their Internet exposure In spite 01 speculation about long· term sell·lnterest, the Fed
Ex·USPS case study is an excellent example 01 a strategic alliance
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Trang 2ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR QUIZZES IN CHAPTER 5 537
ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR QUIZZES IN CHAPTER 5
READING
~ Progress Chart for 1110 Reading Quiz
The chart below will help you evaluate your progress and delermine what you need 10 read again First,
use the Correct Atlswer ooIumn to grade the quiz Nexl, check the Problem Types to locale whiCh ones
you answered Incorrectly Review the Referral Pages thai correspond to the Reading Problem lor each
questioo thai you missed Finally, review the Academic Skills in Chapler 3
Ou" Probrom C<Hroc< Acadomic
13 ClaSSification:
Hereditarian DEI
USTENING
~ Script for the Listening Quiz
This is a quiz lor the Uslenlng section 01 the Next Generation TOEFL This section tests your ability to
understand campus conversations and academic lectures During the quiz you will listen to one con·
ver581100 and one lecture You will hear each conversation Of lecture one time and respond to twelve
questions about them, You may take notes while you listen You may use your notes to answer the
questions Once you begin, do oot pause the audiO To check your answers, refer to the question num·
ber in the margin beside the shaded area In the script to which thai question relers
JPyngh cd rna r I
Trang 3538 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACTIVmES , QUIZZES , AND MOOEL TESTS
CamouT1Ol
( ' ) aue.tlons 1-4, Conversation, CO 4, TOiek 6 USlan to a eonvarsation on eampus between a
professor and a student
Professor:
Student:
Professor:
Professor:
Student
Professor:
Student
Professor:
Student:
Professor:
Student
Professor:
Protessor:
Student:
Professor:
Professor:
Student:
Professor
Prolessor:
Hi Professor Taylor
Hi Jack
I'jjjJjijiiIjgJ6il I ~l""J"J'iijii"JOCiIiiMJI!ii -.:I I Q 1 I
~~tiNii:8I:t.~ iljtl~.iH6il.tCl:!iiL~to eiiii!i#)Does that mean I can use my book during the test as a reference?
Exactly And you can use your notes and the handouts, too Really?
Oh
test is to allow you to look up a detail or make a Citation But the Sltidents who are looking up every answer spend too ml.lCh time on the first lew questions, and then they have to leave some 01 the questiOns althe and blank
So ii's important to pace yourse"
" is The test is one hour tong and there are twenty quesllons so you have 10 be wonung on question ten in ha" an hoor
how ~~.~f",-",<",.,.~~~
then study your book just like you would for any other lest Well some people marl< passages in the book with nags to maka ~ easier to locale oor1ain lac:ts, but other than that just pre-pare lor a lest like you uwelly 00
RighI Uh, Professor Taylor, could I ask you um why are you making this
test open·book? I mean, we have 10 study lor ~ like always, SO I hope you donl mind that I as:k ~ "' ~ ' ~ !iijg C:Uaous
I donl mind ~ I
Mosl people ean BUI the way I see it this is a psychology eJass nol a memoty class
Well, thanks for laking the time 10 explain everything Dr Taylor
You're welcome, Jack See you next week then
Okay Have a nice weekend You, too
Trang 4AlKIlo
Anlwer
Audio
Replay
AlKllo
Anlwer
A""~
Anlwer
ANSWE R S ANO AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR OUIZZES IN CHAP T ER 5 5311
1 Why does the man go 10 see his prolessor?
C To get advice abou t studying for the tast
2 Usten again 10 part oIlhe COflvarsatioo Then answer the lollowing question
Yes but Jack since you've never taken an open-book test, I shoUld warn you II isn'
as easy as ~ seems
Because?
Because you don' have enough time 1 0 look up - I ) ' a, swer a/"ld stilll, lsh the lest
Why does the student say this:
_~7
B To encourage the professor to eJq>laln When il is asl<ed In a neulral lone, this one-word question Invites further eKplanatlon
3 How should Jack prepare 104' the test?
C He should organize his notes by topic
4 Why does the professor give open·book tests?
D Because she thinks It provides a belter learning elq)8rience
n Queatlonl 5-14, LectuIW, CD.e, TrllCk IS continued Uslan to part of a lecture In an eoooom-Ics class The professor Is talkIng about suppfy-sIde economics
He pro ably qualily a s a true suppfy-slder bttI he and capitalize on the basic: concept But It·s perhaps Ronald Rea· gan who Is most closely associated with ~-side economics So much so that his ~ic:ies In !he
1980s were referred to as Reaganomlcs _ tlmLat p au, Ie hu h", 't - iii
You see, COfI56IVSt/ve end supply - side are !'lOt the same thing rac!ltlooal eonsoIVatlve economists
Insist that lax cuts should be aa:ompanled by fiscal reslXlflslbllity that Is, spending cuts by government BIJ! suppfy-slde economists aran' c:oncemed with spending They rely on tax cuts to do the job Period Back to !he supply-side policies under Reagan, well, the suppfy-slders believed that the economic growth resulting from lax cuts would be 60 great and the total increase In taxes so high that the United States economy would grow beyond Its daflc:it spending When this didn' happen, some economists
distanced themsalves trom the label supply-sJde while advocating tax cuts with greater allantion to spending
ngh mater
Trang 55'0 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR ACT1V1T1ES, QUIZZES, AND MOOEL TESTS
Even Milton Friedman, Nobel laureate and an Innuential member 01 the Chicago School 01
Eco-nomics- even Friedman is now pointing ou1 thaI the problem Is hoW 10 hold down government
spend-Ing, which accounts for eboul half 01 the nallonal income Bul he still looks 10 tax cuts as a soIutlon
So, a more recent problem for supply-siders, In addillon 10 the fiscal Is that
cor-porate business tends to move Ihelr Investment and lead
"
-• -• , ' ! I ~ • •• • _
In fact, conservatives and supply-siders Ii argue that progress in the American economy has
boon made from technologiCal changes and Increased productIvity-produclng dlflerenl goods or more
goods with lewer wor1<ers Or Barry Asmus cites the el(ample 0 1 the millions of Ions 01 copper wire that
had 10 be lor us 10 communicate by telephone across country Now, a few satell~es will do the
,
"""
!IitMIi ITIOI1I ~DY £i! g III !COI~
So some people do lose jobs because of technology, productivity, and the shift of manufacturing
overseas, and only 70 percent lind bener-paying lobs when they transition to enother jOb Yes, that's
true, and irs a personally painhJl transitiOfl for those invotvod Bulthe argumenl by supply-siders and
many conservatives as well Is that this is temporary unemployment and the Imporlanl word here Is
"",.,10 another itO I • , • iilDgy3:ilOUlCl
NJJllliiiCr But , 01 course, the success 0 1 the Un~ed States within the global
econ-omy wilt largefy depend on a favorable balance ollrade-how much we can produce in this country in
the new segments 01 the economy and how much we can selt abroad
Audio
An_
Audio
A n.nr
Audio
An ,
Audio
A nlwe r
5 What is the lecture maJnly abouI?
C Supply-Side economics
8 How does the professor organize the lecture?
B By taking an historical perspective
7 According to the 1eclur81' what did Kennedy and Reagan have In commoo?
B They cut was to spur the economy during Ihelr administrations
8 What wouid Mitton Freidman most likely say about moving a manulacturing plant
trom the United States 10 a site abroad?
C He wouid view ~ as a natural process In the shin to technology
Trang 6ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR QUIZZES IN CHAPTER 5 M3 SPEAKING
This Is a quiz klr the $peaJdng section of the NeJd Generation TOEFL This section tests your ability to
communicate In English In an academic contelCl During tna quiz, you will respond to siK speaking ques
-tions You may take notes as you ~sten You may use your notes to anfOWGr the questions The reading
passages and the questions are printed in the book, but most of the directions will be spoken Once you
begin, do not pause tna audio
( ' ) Speaking Quiz, CD 4 Track 13
Narrator 2 : Number I Usten for a question about a familiar topic After you hear tna question, you nave
15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to record your answer
Narrator 1 II you were asked to choose one movie that has Inltuenced your thinking, which one would
to explain your choice
Narrator 2: Please prepare your ansW1lr alter tna beep
-[Preparation time: 15 seconds]
Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep
-[Recording time: 45 seconds]
-Narrator 2: Number 2 Listen for a question that asks your opinion about a famitiar topic After you hear
Ina question you nave IS seooods to prapare and 45 seconds to record your answer
Narrator 1: Some people think that teachers should be evaluated by Ih& performance 0/ their students
on standardUecI lests at the end of the term Other people maintain that teachefs should be judged by
their own performance in Ih& classroom and not by the SOOfeS tnat their students achieve on tests
Which approach do vou think Is bener and why? Use speci/Ic raasons end examples to support your
opinion
Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after the beep
-{Preparation time : 15 seconds]
,lYngh maler I
Trang 7S44 ANSWERS AND AUDIO SCRIPTS FOR AcnVrTlES, QUIZZES , AND MODEL n:STS
Narrator 2: Please begin speaking after the beep
Boo,
[Recording time: 45 seconds)
Boo,
NlllTalor 2: Number 3 Read a short passage and listen 10 a talk on the same topic Then listen lor a
quesllon about tnem After you near the question, you have 30 seconds to prepare and 60 seconds to
reoord your answer
Narrator 1 A meeting is planned \0 e)(plaln the reSidence requirements for instate tuillon Read tne
pot-icy in the college catalogue printad on page 251 You have 45 seconds \0 complete It Please begin
reading now
[Reading time: 45 seconds)
Narrator I : Now Usten to a sll.Ident who is speaking at the mee~ng He Is expresslng his opinion about
Student:
Well, I agree with most 01 the policy, but what I don' understand is why I have 10 use my parents'
address as my permanent address This Is my third 'filar In a dorm on campus, and I've gone \0 school
don' earn enough as a full-time student to, uh, to pay taxes , bull don' receive support Irom my parents
either I have a small grant and a studerJl loan thaiI'm responsible lor, and and I plan 10 Uve and
work in this stllte alter I graduate, so, urn, I think students like me should be eligible lor a waiver
Narrator 1: The student eKpreSSGs his opinion 01 the policy lor Instate tuition Report his opinion and
eKplaln the reasons that he gives lor having that opinion
Narrator 2: Please prepare your answer after lne beep
Boo,
[Preparation time: 30 seconds]
Narrator 2: Please begin speaking alter the beep
Boo,
(Recording tlme: 60 seconds)
Boo,