Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 14: Introduction to qualitative research

Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 12: Quantitative analysis oof text. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Differentiate between manifest and latent content in content analysis, explain the basic processes for conducting a content analysis, identify appropriate uses of interaction analysis, explain the basic processes for conducting a research study using interaction analysis,... Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

INTRODUCTION TO

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Chapter 14

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

WHAT IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 Preserves the form and content of interaction

 Contextually situated

 Discourse is the data

 Analyzed for its qualities – empirical, inductive, and

interpretive

 Aims for subjectivity

 Allows interactants’ voices to be heard

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

WHAT IS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH?

 Intersubjectivity

 The social accomplishment of how people

co-construct and co-experience their social life and rules for doing so

 How do people understand and interpret

communication processes?

 How is communication socially situated?

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

MUTUAL SIMULTANEOUS SHAPING

 The here and now

 Everything influences

everything else

 Emphasis on process

and the holistic frame of

interaction

 Plausible explanations

built on what is

observed

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

INDUCTIVE ANALYSIS

 From the specific to the general

 Explanations and theories emerge from the

data

 Propositions formulated continuously

throughout the data collection and data

analysis process

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

MODEL FOR QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

• Interdependent stages

• Not linear

• Cannot be planned in

entirety

• Top circle reflects

design of the project

• Bottom reflects

activities in the field

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

CREDIBILITY IN QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 Extent to which data interpretations are

 true

 correct

 dependable

 Allows for multiple interpretations by asking

“What’s plausible?”

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

ENHANCING CREDIBILITY

 Triangulation: use of several kinds of methods or data

to enhance credibility

 Data triangulation

 Investigator triangulation

 Interdisciplinary triangulation

 Member validation

 Taking research findings back to individuals who provided

data

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

CONCEPTUALIZING RESEARCH QUESTIONS

FOR QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

 Based on previous literature

 Broadly stated

 Nondirectional

 Gives researcher latitude in following interesting paths

 Specific to the interaction context

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

ASSESSING QUALITATIVE RESEARCH QUESTIONS

 Should ask how or

what?

 Should reference the

research site?

 Focus on a specific type of

interaction?

 Discover how meaning is

developed/shared?

 Reveal naturally occurring

communication not suitable for study in an experiment?

 Reveal unanticipated

phenomena/influences?

 Reveal process that occur over

time?

Does the research question