Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 3: Research ethics

Lecture Communication research: Asking questions, finding answers (4e) Chapter 3: Research ethics. After reading this chapter, you should be able to: Address potential ethical issues during the design phase of the research project, explain how your research project minimizes risk and enhances benefi ts to participants, find alternative research procedures to avoid physical or psychological harm to participants,... Đề tài Hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tại Công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên được nghiên cứu nhằm giúp công ty TNHH Mộc Khải Tuyên làm rõ được thực trạng công tác quản trị nhân sự trong công ty như thế nào từ đó đề ra các giải pháp giúp công ty hoàn thiện công tác quản trị nhân sự tốt hơn trong thời gian tới.

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

RESEARCH ETHICS

Chapter 3

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

 All researchers, even students, have a

responsibility to conduct ethical research

 Participants in research studies should know

and understand their rights and responsibilities

 Ethical considerations are part of the design of

the research project

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

ETHICAL QUESTIONS IN PLANNING RESEARCH

 Researcher has two broad ethical

responsibilities

1 Scientific responsibility for following established

guidelines and conducting research that will yield knowledge worth knowing

2 The researcher’s relationship to participants as it

affects collection, interpretation, and reporting of data

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

SPECIFICALLY

 How will the consent of participants be gained?

 How will confidentiality/anonymity be handled?

 Are the participants appropriate for the study?

 Are there potential physical or psychological harms

 How will the researcher’s role affect the study?

 Is the research design valid, credible?

 Is researcher capable of conducting the study?

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

THE BELMONT REPORT

 Three ethical principles

 Beneficence

 Respect for persons

 Justice

 Must design research to

uphold these principles to the fullest degree possible

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

BENEFICENCE

 The well-being of participants is protected

 Participants protected from harm

 Researcher must maximize possible benefits

 Benefits to participants must outweigh risks

Risks Benefits

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

RESPECT FOR PERSONS

 Treat individuals as capable of making

decisions

 Refrain from making choices for participants

 Participants must feel free to volunteer; no coercion

 Protecting those not capable of making their

own decisions

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

JUSTICE

 Issues of fairness

 All participants treated equally

 Selection of participants

 Am I systematically selecting one group of participants

because they are

 Easily available?

 In a position making it difficult to say no?

 In a position in which they can be manipulated into participating?

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD

 University Institutional Review Board

 Also called IRB or Human Subjects Review

 Considers soundness and reasonableness of research

proposals

 Determines if rights and welfare of research

participants are adequately protected in research

design

Submit proposal before any data are collected

than she could endure So Wilson was reduced to a man ‘deranged by grief’ in order that the case might remain in its simplest form And it rested there But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential I found myself on Gatsby’s side, and alone From the moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe to West Egg village, every surmise about him, and every practical question, was referred to me At first I was surprised and confused; then, as he lay in his house and didn’t move or breathe or speak hour upon hour it grew upon me that I was responsible, be- cause no one else was interested—interested, I mean, with that intense personal interest to which every one has some vague right at the end I called up Daisy half an hour after we found him, called her instinctively and without hesitation But she and Tom had gone away early that afternoon, and taken baggage with them ‘Left no address?’ ‘No.’ ‘Say when they’d be back?’ ‘No.’ ‘Any idea where they are? How I could reach them?’ ‘I don’t know Can’t say.’ I wanted to get somebody for him I wanted to go into the room where he lay and reassure him: ‘I’ll get somebody for you, Gatsby Don’t worry Just trust me and I’ll get some- body for you——‘ Meyer Wolfshiem’s name wasn’t in the phone book The butler gave me his office address on Broadway and I called

IRB PROPOSALS

• Research questions or

hypotheses

• Brief review of literature

• Description of how

participants are

recruited/selected

• Informed consent

• Research methods

• How benefits are

maximized, risks minimized

• Anonymity &

confidentiality

• Investigator’s

background