2011 WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE Composition and classification of microorganisms CONTENTS Cell composition VAN LANG UNIVERSITY DENTEMA Environmental factors affect microbial activity
Trang 1SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5
DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND
MANAGEMENT
Chapter 22 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL
Dr Tran Thi My Dieu
Sep 2011
WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE
Composition and classification of
microorganisms
CONTENTS
Cell composition
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Environmental factors affect microbial activity
CELL COMPOSITION
Is it important to know?
provide a basis for understanding the
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provide a basis for understanding the
nutrients needed for growth
To support microbial growth in
biological system, appropriate nutrients
must be available
CELL COMPOSITION What are major cellular materials?
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Protein Polysaccharide Lipid
DNA
RNA Other (sugar, amino acid) Inorganic ions
55.0 5.0 9.1 3.1
20.5 6.3
1.0
By dry weight
CELL COMPOSITION
What are major cellular materials?
Prokaryotes
80% water
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20% dry material 90% organic 10% inorganic
Is it important information?
CELL COMPOSITION What are cell elements?
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Trang 2CELL COMPOSITION
What is the most empirical formula
for the organic fraction of cells?
53%
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C5H7O2N
C60H87O23N12P
% C?
CELL COMPOSITION What is the most empirical formula for the organic fraction of cells?
Approximation
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C5H7O2N
C60H87O23N12P
Approximation May vary with time and species Practical purpose
CELL COMPOSITION
What is the most empirical formula
for the organic fraction of cells?
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C5H7O2N
C60H87O23N12P
N and P are macronutrients
CELL COMPOSITION What are trace elements required?
Zinc manganese copper
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Zinc, manganese, copper, molydenum, iron, cobalt
CELL COMPOSITION
Where can microorganisms get these
elements and compounds?
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From the environment
A shortage of any of these substance
would limit or alter growth
CELL COMPOSITION How to overcome this problem?
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Additional supply
Trang 3ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
What environmental conditions are
important for selection, survival and
growth of microorganism?
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pH and temperature
Optimum range ( o C)
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
pH and temperature
Optimal growth for a particular microorganism occurs within a fairly narrow range of temperature and pH
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Temperature < optimum value have a more significant effect on growth rate
Growth rate double with approximately every
10 o C increase until the optimum temperature is reached
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
pH and temperature
Most bacteria can not tolerate pH levels above
9.5 or below 4.0
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9.5 or below 4.0
Generally, the optimum pH for bacteria growth
lies between 6.5 and 7.5
NUTRIENT AND GROWTH FACTOR
REQUIREMENTS
How many g of NH 4 Cl and Na 3 PO 4 needed to supply to 10 m 3 - reactor containing 3000 mg/L of microorganisms, if empirical formula empirical formula Assignment 1
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mg/L of microorganisms, if empirical formula empirical formula for the organic fraction of their cells is
and microorganisms can digest only 75%
amount of N & P supplied
C60H87O23N12P