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SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT Chapter 21 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL Dr.. 2011 WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE Overview of biologica

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SPECIALIZED ENGLISH – SEMESTER 5

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY AND

MANAGEMENT

Chapter 21 FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOLOGICAL

Dr Tran Thi My Dieu

Sep 2011

WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE

Overview of biological wastewater

treatment & reuse

CONTENTS

Objectives of biological treatment

& reuse

Role of microorganism in WWT

Types of biological processes for WWT

& reuse

OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER

TREATMENT & REUSE

Wastewater

used

OBJECTIVES OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE

Accumulation of

t t d WW

Malodorous gas generation Pathogenic

untreated WW

gg microorganisms Algae Bloom (aquatic plants) Potential Toxic Compounds

Domestic WW

Landfill Leachate

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Industrial WW

Surface water pollution Ground water pollution

WW

Soil pollution Air pollution Human health effects Aquatic life effects

TREAT REUSE

Prevent negative

impacts of WW

Reduce &

recharge

Necessary to protect public health & environment Water quality and discharged WW standards

Benefits of reuse the treated wastewater Benefits of reuse the generated bio Benefits of reuse the generated bio solids solids Benefits of reuse the biogas or others

Public Health

Risks

Viral pathogens excreted in feces

Microbial pathogens

Enteroviruses

(Polioviruses) Poliomyelitis, paralysis and other

Hepatitis A virus Infectious hepatitis

Rotaviruses Diarrhea

Viral pathogens excreted in feces

Public Health Risks

Microbial pathogens

Pathogenic Escherichia coli Diarrhea Salmonellatyphi Typhoid fever Salmonella paratyphi Paratyphoid fever Vibrio cholerae Cholera

Yersinia enteica Diarrhea

&septicfemia

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Public

Health

Risks

Toxic substance ss Carcinogenic

chemical Potential carcinogenic effects carcinogenic effects Potential

chemical effects carcinogenic effects

Organophosphorous

pesticides Neutrotoxicity, systemic poisoning

Chlorinated organic

compounds Liver cancer Liver damage, neurological effects

Polyciclic aromatic

hydrocarbons Lung cancer, stomach cancer (ingested), skin

cancer (dermal contact)

Liver damage, dermatitis

OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE

Domestic uses

Storm water/runoff

OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL

Domestic wastewater

Parameter Unit Concentration

SS mgO 2 /l 38-108

SS mgO 2 /l 38 108

COD mgO 2 /l 103-245

BOD 5 mg/l 75 – 100

N-NH 3 mg/l 1.5-6.7

N tt mg/l 5.0-11.3

P tt mg/l 0.21-4.3

Coliform MPN/100 ml 230-24.10 3

OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT & REUSE

Parameters Unit Tau Hu-Ben Nghe Doi Te

pH - 6.5 – 7.7 6.7 – 7.5 Alkalinity mgCaCO 3 /L 36 – 206 64 – 186 TDS mg/L 54 – 464 40 – 525

Characteristics of Domestic WW from Outlets along Tau Hu

Tau Hu Ben Nghe, Doi Ben Nghe, Doi –– Te Canal Te Canal

TDS mg/L 54 464 40 525

SS mg/L 10 – 854 10 – 754 BOD 5 mg/L 65 – 900 40 – 233 COD mg/L 91 – 1,029 54 – 333 N-NH 3 mg/L 6.85 – 14.84 0.43 – 13.98 N-NO 2 - mg/L Trace – 0.26 Trace – 0.113 N-NO 3 - mg/L Trace – 0.62 Trace – 0.51 N-Org mg/L 4.45 – 16.32 3.32 – 14.72

PO 4 3- mg/L 0.57 – 3.44 0.37 – 6.63 Phenol mg/L 0.015 – o.025 0.012 – 0.023

What will happen if it is not

treated before discharged?

OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWT

Transform dissolved & particulate biodegradable constituents into acceptable end products

Domestic wastewater

Capture & incorporate suspended and

nonsettleable colloidal solids into a biological floc

or biofilm Transform or remove nutrients (N and P) Remove specific trace organic constituents &

compounds

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WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Industrial wastewater

Parameter Unit Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3

Color - White Yellow white White

Acidity mg CaCO 3 /L 520 2,600 526

BOD 5 mg/L 7,405 19,018 7,500

N-NO 3 - mg/L 1.11 2.29 0.80

SO 4 2- mg/L Trace 6.27 7.19

PO 4 3- mg/L 32.60 11.61 35.12

OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Characteristics of Leachate from Go Cat landfill

Parameters Units Dry Season Rainy Season Old

pH - 4.8 – 6.2 6.50 - 6.92 7.81 –7.89 TDS mg/L 7,300 – 12,200 5,011 – 6,420 6,040 – 9,145

H d C CO /L 5 833 9 667 1 840 4250 1 260 1 720

Hardness- total mgCaCO 3 /L 5,833 – 9,667 1,840 – 4250 1,260 –1,720

SS mg/L 1,760 – 4,311 896 - 1,320 235 COD mgO 2 /L 39,614 – 59,750 6,621-31,950 1,186-1,436

BOD mgO 2 /L 30,000 – 48,000 4,554 - 25,130 200

OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGICAL WWT

Remove or reduce concentration of organic and

inorganic compounds

Industrial wastewater

Pretreatment may be required to avoid toxic to

microorganisms

Remove nutrients (N and P)

Agricultural irrigation return wastewater

ROLE OF MICROORGANISMS IN WWT

Remove dissolved and particulate carbonaceous BOD and stabilization of organic matter in WW

HOW?

Oxidize organic matters into simple end products

and additional biomass

microorganism

Remove nitrogen in wastewater treatment

HOW?

Specific bacteria oxidize ammonia to nitrite and

Specific bacteria reduce oxidized nitrogen to

HOW?

2NH 3 + 3O 2 2NO 2 - + 2H + + 2H 2 O

Nitrosomonas

2NO 2 - + O 2 Nitrobacter 2NO 3

-Nitrification

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HOW?

-Denitrification

Remove phosphorus in wastewater treatment

HOW?

Biological processes are configured to encourage the growth of bacteria with the ability to take up and store large amounts of inorganic phosphorus

TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

M t b li

Aerobic processes

Anaerobic processes

Metabolic

Facultative processes

Combined

aerobic/anoxic/anaerobic processes

TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Suspended-growth processes

Attached growth processes

Treatment processes

Combined processes

Lagoon processes

TYPES OF BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT

Biological nutrient removal

Biological phosphorus removal

Carbonaceous BOD removal

Treatment

functions

Stabilization (digestion)

Carbonaceous BOD removal

Nitrification

Denitrification

QUESTIONS

Q

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