Assignment 1 Plan a Computing Project (PCP)

Assignment 1 Plan a Computing Project BTEC FPT ASM 1 PCP The report will be divided into the following sections:Literature Review(P1): This section will review previous studies related to the impact of cloud computing on the environment, as well as basic concepts and theories about cloud computing.Methodology(P1): This section will describe the research methods used to collect and analyze primary and secondary data, as well as sample selection criteria, question design, and data processing techniques. Whether.Findings and Discussion(P2): This section will present and discuss the results obtained from primary and secondary data analysis, as well as compare and evaluate these results with previous studies.Conclusion and Recommendations(M1): This section will summarize the main points of the report, draw conclusions about the impact of cloud computing on the environment, as well as suggest solutions and directions for further research. according to.The report will also discuss the characteristics and areas of operation of a business related to the impact of cloud computing on the environment, as well as the role of stakeholders and their impact on the environment. business success (P3 P4). The report will choose a specific example, Amazon Web Services (AWS), one of the worlds largest cloud computing service providers, to illustrate the points mentioned above.

Introduction

Digital transformation is set to significantly influence various facets of human life, yet there is a notable lack of summaries addressing its environmental impact, particularly concerning cloud computing This study aims to fill that gap by analyzing both the positive and negative effects of digital transformation on the environment Utilizing qualitative and quantitative research methods, the findings will focus on three critical dimensions: energy consumption, carbon footprint, and the potential of cloud computing to mitigate these issues, manage waste, and promote pollution prevention and sustainable resource management The article will emphasize the importance of data collection from secondary sources, examine business activities within a specific industry, and explore the role of stakeholders in driving business success Additionally, it will outline the opportunities and challenges in this domain, offering insights for future research directions.

Cloud computing enables users to access and store data on remote servers via the internet, offering significant advantages like cost savings, enhanced efficiency, flexibility, and improved security However, it also poses environmental challenges, including high energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and e-waste generation Greenpeace projects that by 2025, the information technology sector could account for 20% of global electricity consumption, with cloud computing being a primary contributor.

This report aims to assess the environmental impact of cloud computing through both quantitative and qualitative research methods It will gather and analyze crucial data from diverse sources, including surveys, interviews, and observations, while also reviewing secondary information from relevant reports, journals, and books By integrating insights from both primary and secondary data, the report seeks to enhance understanding of the topic at hand.

[ASM1: PLAN A COMPUTING PROJECT] [TRAN CONG HOANG]

The report will be divided into the following sections:

- Literature Review(P1): This section will review previous studies related to the impact of cloud computing on the environment, as well as basic concepts and theories about cloud computing

This section outlines the research methodology employed for gathering and analyzing both primary and secondary data It details the criteria for sample selection, the design of survey questions, and the techniques used for data processing.

- Findings and Discussion(P2): This section will present and discuss the results obtained from primary and secondary data analysis, as well as compare and evaluate these results with previous studies

In conclusion, this report highlights the significant impact of cloud computing on the environment, emphasizing both its benefits and challenges It suggests that while cloud technology can lead to improved energy efficiency and reduced carbon footprints, further research is necessary to address its environmental implications comprehensively Recommendations for future studies include exploring sustainable practices within cloud infrastructure and assessing the long-term effects of cloud adoption on ecological systems.

The report will explore the characteristics and operational areas of a business focusing on the environmental impact of cloud computing, while also examining the role of stakeholders and their influence on business success.

(P3 & P4) The report will choose a specific example, Amazon Web Services (AWS), one of the world's largest cloud computing service providers, to illustrate the points mentioned above

Content

What are qualitative and quantitative research?

1) Overview of Qualitative and quantitative research

When collecting and analyzing data, quantitative research deals with numbers and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings Both are important to gain different types of knowledge

Quantitative research utilizes numerical data and graphical representations to test theories and validate assumptions, enabling the establishment of generalizable facts about various topics Common methods in this research approach include experiments, recorded observations, and surveys featuring closed-ended questions.

Qualitative research focuses on understanding concepts, thoughts, and experiences through verbal expression It provides valuable insights into topics that lack clarity, utilizing methods such as open-ended interviews, descriptive observations, and literature reviews that delve into theories and concepts.

Quantitative and qualitative research uses different research methods to collect and analyze data and allows you to answer different types of research questions

Table 1: The difference between qualitative and quantitative methods

Quantitative and qualitative data can be collected using a variety of methods It is important to use a data collection method that will help answer your research question(s)

Data collection methods can be categorized as qualitative or quantitative Surveys, observations, and case studies often utilize numerical data, such as rating scales and frequency counts, or qualitative data through open-ended questions and descriptive observations While both types of data can be collected through these methods, certain approaches are more frequently associated with either qualitative or quantitative analysis.

Action Qualitative research Quantitative research

Focus Exploring ideas or formulating hypotheses/theories Testing hypotheses or theories

Analysis Summarising, categorizing, interpreting Mart and statistical analysis

Expressed in Words Number Graphs, tables, fewer words

Sample Few respondents Many respondents

Questions Open-ended Close-ended or multiple choice

Characterized by Understanding, context, complexity, subjectivity Testing, measurement, objectivity, replicability

- Survey: A list of closed-ended or multiple-choice questions distributed to a sample (online, in person, or by phone)

- Experiment: A situation in which variables are controlled and manipulated to establish a cause-and-effect relationship

- Observation: Observing objects in a natural environment where variables cannot be controlled

- Interview: Asking open-ended questions orally to the respondent

- Focus Group: Discussion among a group of people on a topic to gather ideas that can be used for further research

- Ethnography: Join a community or organization over a long period to observe culture and behavior closely

- Document Review: Survey of published works by other authors

3) When to use qualitative and quantitative research?

A general rule of thumb for deciding whether to use qualitative or quantitative data is:

 Use quantitative research if you want to confirm or test something (a theory or hypothesis)

 Use qualitative research if you want to understand something (concepts, thoughts, experiences)

When selecting a research approach, you can opt for qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods based on factors like your inductive or deductive reasoning, the nature of your research questions, and the type of study—experimental, correlational, or descriptive Additionally, practical considerations such as budget, time constraints, data availability, and access to respondents play a crucial role in your decision-making process.

4) How to analyze qualitative and quantitative data

Quantitative data analysis involves systematically examining numerical data to uncover patterns and relationships that address the research question This analytical approach is essential for interpreting the significance of the data, as raw numbers alone do not provide conclusive evidence By applying statistical methods, researchers can derive meaningful insights from quantitative data, enhancing the overall understanding of the study's objectives.

Quantitative data relies on numerical values, utilizing basic mathematics or advanced statistical analysis to identify patterns and similarities within the data The findings are typically presented through graphs and tables, and software tools such as Excel, SPSS, or R are commonly employed to perform these calculations.

 Number of times a particular answer was given

 Correlation or causation between two or more variables

 Reliability and validity of the results b) Qualitative data analysis

Qualitative data is more difficult to analyze than quantitative data It includes text, images, or videos instead of numbers

Some common methods for analyzing qualitative data include:

 Qualitative Content Analysis: Tracks the occurrence, location, and meaning of words or phrases

 Thematic analysis: Closely examine the data to identify key themes and patterns

 Discourse analysis: A study of how communication works in a social context

What is Cloud computing?

Cloud computing involves accessing servers, software, and databases via the Internet, with cloud servers housed in data centers globally This technology enables users and businesses to avoid the need for managing physical servers or running applications on their own devices.

Cloud computing enables users to access files and applications from any device since processing and storage occur on remote servers instead of locally This capability allows users to log in seamlessly from various devices, enhancing flexibility and accessibility.

When setting up an Instagram account on a new phone after your old device breaks, you can easily recover your previous account, including all your photos, videos, and chat history This process is similar to restoring data with cloud email services like Gmail or Microsoft Office 365, as well as with cloud storage solutions such as Dropbox or Google Drive.

Migrating to the cloud significantly reduces IT costs for businesses by eliminating the need for server maintenance and updates, as these tasks are handled by the cloud provider This is especially beneficial for small businesses that lack the resources for in-house infrastructure, allowing them to access affordable cloud solutions Additionally, the cloud facilitates international operations, enabling employees and customers to access the same files and applications from any location.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) offers essential cloud-based IT building blocks, including networking features, computing resources—whether virtual or on dedicated hardware—and data storage This model provides users with maximum flexibility and management control over their IT resources, closely resembling traditional IT infrastructure that many developers and IT departments are accustomed to.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) simplifies application deployment and management by eliminating the need for infrastructure management, including hardware and operating systems This allows businesses to enhance productivity by removing concerns related to resource purchasing, capacity planning, software maintenance, and patching, enabling a focus on application performance rather than operational burdens.

Software as a Service (SaaS) offers a fully managed product provided by a service provider, primarily focusing on end-user applications like web-based email With SaaS, users are relieved from the responsibilities of service maintenance and infrastructure management, allowing them to concentrate solely on utilizing the software effectively.

Cloud computing relies on virtualization technology, which enables the creation of virtual machines that function like physical computers These virtual machines are essentially digital replicas of hardware, allowing for efficient resource management When implemented correctly, multiple virtual machines on a single host operate in isolated environments, enhancing security and performance.

When planning a computing project, it's important to understand that virtual machines operate independently; they do not interact with one another Each virtual machine maintains its own files and applications, which remain invisible to other virtual machines, even if they are hosted on the same physical machine.

Virtual machines enhance hardware efficiency by allowing a single server to operate multiple virtual servers simultaneously, effectively transforming a data center into a network of data centers that serve numerous organizations This capability enables cloud providers to accommodate more customers at a lower cost, ensuring high availability even if individual servers fail Additionally, cloud services are typically backed up across multiple machines and regions, enhancing reliability and uptime.

Users access cloud services through a browser or application, connecting to the cloud over the Internet — that is, through multiple interconnected networks — regardless of the device they are using

3) What benefits does it have?

The cloud provides seamless access to diverse technologies, enabling rapid innovation and the ability to build virtually anything With the capability to swiftly create essential resources like computing, storage, and databases, as well as advanced services such as IoT, machine learning, and analytics, businesses can deploy technology in minutes This accelerates the journey from concept to execution, allowing for experimentation and the testing of new ideas that enhance customer experiences and drive business transformation.

Cloud computing allows businesses to avoid over-provisioning resources for anticipated peak operations, enabling them to allocate only the necessary resources This flexible approach permits instant scaling of resources, allowing companies to quickly adjust capacity in response to changing business demands.

Cloud computing enables businesses to convert fixed expenses, like data centers and physical servers, into variable costs, allowing them to pay for IT services based on actual usage This model not only reduces overall expenses but also takes advantage of economies of scale, resulting in significantly lower costs compared to managing infrastructure independently.

Leveraging cloud technology enables rapid global expansion and deployment within minutes For instance, AWS offers worldwide infrastructure, allowing you to effortlessly launch applications in various physical locations By positioning applications nearer to end users, you can significantly decrease latency and enhance their overall experience.

4) Why is it called cloud computing?

Cloud computing originated as a slang term in the tech industry, represented in early Internet engineering diagrams as a cloud symbolizing servers and network infrastructure As computing processes increasingly transitioned to this online infrastructure, the term "cloud" became a shorthand expression for these activities Today, "cloud computing" is a widely recognized term that encapsulates this modern approach to computing.

What impact does cloud computing have on the environment and how?

1) What positive effects does it have?

Adopting cloud computing leads to substantial energy savings by minimizing the energy required for powering and cooling servers in data centers By utilizing shared servers in the cloud, organizations can operate the same number of applications with fewer servers, resulting in reduced overall energy consumption.

A study by Verdantix, funded by AT&T, reveals that adopting cloud computing technology can significantly lower energy consumption and costs for businesses The research suggests that if just 10% of U.S companies transitioned to cloud-based administration applications, they could collectively save 85.7 million kWh of electricity annually, which is comparable to removing 80,000 tons of CO2 emissions.

A report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Google highlights the potential of cloud computing to significantly reduce carbon emissions across various industries, including manufacturing, transport, and healthcare By 2030, cloud computing could contribute to a 1% decrease in total annual global carbon emissions, equating to the removal of 200 million cars from the roads.

 Carbon emissions: Cloud computing can help reduce carbon emissions by using more energy efficiently The following numbers can tell that:

A report by 451 Research highlights that migrating business applications from on-premises data centers to the cloud can lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions, with potential decreases of up to 78% Moreover, if cloud operations in the Asia-Pacific region utilize 100% renewable energy, the reduction in emissions could reach as high as 93%.

A recent report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Google highlights the potential of cloud computing to significantly reduce carbon emissions across various industries, including manufacturing, transport, and healthcare By 2030, cloud computing could contribute to a 1% decrease in global annual carbon emissions, which is comparable to the impact of taking 200 million cars off the roads.

A report by the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) reveals that large businesses in France and the UK could cut their CO2 emissions by 9.1 million tons annually by transitioning to cloud computing Additionally, this shift could lead to significant financial savings, with potential reductions of 1.9 billion euros in energy consumption costs and 2.3 billion euros in operating and maintenance expenses.

 Green cloud computing: Green cloud computing is an approach to reduce the negative impact of cloud computing on the environment

Cloud computing offers significant environmental advantages over traditional local computing by enhancing efficiency and flexibility for both individuals and businesses It ensures local redundancy management, minimizing the risk of data loss during natural disasters According to a 2013 study sponsored by Google, transitioning commonly used software applications to the cloud can lead to an impressive 87% reduction in energy consumption.

2) What negative effects does it have?

 E-waste: Frequent hardware upgrades and reliance on non-renewable energy sources contribute to e-waste and greenhouse gas emissions According to a 2019 United Nations report, the worldwide volume of e-waste reached

53.6 million tons in 2019, an increase of 21% compared to 2014 Of which, only 17.4% was collected and Recycling

If current trends persist, e-waste could escalate to 74 million tons by 2030, posing significant environmental hazards and wasting valuable resources like gold, silver, copper, and rare metals In 2019, the materials in e-waste were valued at approximately $57 billion Furthermore, the growing volume of e-waste is linked to rising greenhouse gas emissions, as highlighted by a report from the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which indicates an increase in emissions associated with e-waste.

12 million tons in 2004 to 23 million tons in 2015

Implementing green cloud computing faces several challenges, primarily the necessity to enhance efficiency to mitigate the growing impact of storage and processing demands A report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and Google highlights these obstacles, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions to support sustainable cloud practices.

- There is a need to improve the energy efficiency of data centers and terminals to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions

- It is necessary to diversify renewable energy sources to reduce dependence on non-renewable and unstable energy sources

- Collaboration between cloud service providers, equipment manufacturers, grid managers, and local governments is required to ensure environmental and energy security

- Standards and policies need to be developed to encourage the use of green cloud computing and increase transparency about the energy efficiency and carbon footprint of cloud operations

The rise of cloud computing significantly increases electricity demand, with Greenpeace predicting that by 2025, the technology sector could account for 20% of global electricity consumption, up from the current 7% This surge is driven by the expansion of cloud services and the growing need for computing power in emerging technologies like artificial intelligence.

A 2017 Greenpeace report predicts that the information technology (ICT) sector's electricity consumption could rise to 20% of the global total by 2025, up from 7% currently This surge is primarily driven by the growth of cloud computing and advancements in energy-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence For instance, using cloud services such as Netflix, YouTube, or Facebook can consume between 200 Wh to 400 Wh of electricity per hour Consequently, if an individual streams Netflix for 2 hours daily over a year, their electricity usage could equate to that of a mid-sized refrigerator operating for the same duration.

The environmental footprint of the online world is growing due to rising energy consumption driven by increased demand Recent reports from companies like Microsoft indicate that advancements in cloud storage have a minimal impact on energy usage, and further efficiency improvements are expected to mitigate the effects of expanding storage and processing needs.

Microsoft's 2018 report highlights the growing environmental footprint of the online world driven by rising data and cloud computing demands Nevertheless, it notes that advancements in cloud storage are leading to minimal impacts on energy consumption, with efficiency improvements poised to mitigate the effects of cloud expansion In 2016, cloud data centers represented just 1% of global energy consumption, a figure projected to decline to 0.9%.

By 2025, cloud service providers are expected to significantly minimize their environmental impact through the implementation of energy-efficient technologies and a greater reliance on renewable energy sources.

3) Any solution to minimize the negative impact?

 Use flexible and efficient cloud services, like Amazon's Flexible Compute Cloud (EC2), to reduce power consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

 Use renewable and green energy sources to power cloud data centers, such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, etc

 Use advanced and energy-saving cooling technologies for cloud servers, such as natural air cooling, seawater cooling, steam cooling, etc

 Use effective e-waste management and recycling methods, such as collection, sorting, reuse, recycling, and safe disposal of old or damaged electronic equipment

 Raise the awareness and responsibility of cloud users and providers about the impact of cloud computing on the environment and apply environmental protection standards in business operations.

Opportunities and risks of cloud computing impact on the environment

Cloud computing enhances energy efficiency and reduces waste and carbon emissions by optimizing data storage and processing, outperforming traditional local computing methods A study conducted by Google highlights these benefits, demonstrating the environmental advantages of adopting cloud technology.

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory found that moving all US office workers to the cloud could save up to

IT energy consumption accounts for 87%, translating to 23 billion kWh and approximately 1.8 billion USD annually A Microsoft study suggests that cloud computing can significantly lower carbon emissions, with reductions of 30-60% for large corporations and up to 90% for small businesses.

Cloud computing accelerates the research, development, and launch of green technologies by offering extensive data and computing resources For instance, Google's DeepMind AI has successfully cut energy consumption in Google's data centers by 40%, resulting in significant cost savings and lower carbon emissions Similarly, Microsoft's AI for Earth program equips researchers and innovators with cloud-based tools and grants to tackle environmental issues like biodiversity, agriculture, water, and climate change.

Cloud computing significantly enhances healthcare facilities and telecommuting by minimizing travel and infrastructure demands, leading to a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions and resource consumption An Accenture report indicates that cloud-based telehealth services could lower travel-related carbon emissions by 154 million kilograms annually in the U.S Additionally, Cisco's WebEx platform facilitates online meetings and collaboration, resulting in savings of over 7.7 billion vehicle miles, 3.6 billion kWh of electricity, and 1.5 million tons of carbon dioxide each year.

 Cloud computing can enhance transparency and accountability on the environmental impact of different industries and sectors by facilitating data collection, analysis and reporting For example, Amazon's Sustainable

The Data Initiative offers researchers access to extensive datasets related to climate change, weather patterns, disaster response, air quality, and ocean health, facilitating informed research and policy development Additionally, the Google Environmental initiative serves as another valuable resource in this domain.

Insights Explorer, which provides data and insights on the carbon emissions and renewable energy potential of cities around the world

Some of the challenges and risks of cloud computing to the environment are:

Cloud computing has the potential to significantly raise electricity consumption and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and waste, particularly if data centers rely on fossil fuels or inefficient cooling systems A Greenpeace report projects that by 2025, the IT sector could account for 20% of global electricity usage, with cloud computing being the primary factor behind this increase.

Cloud computing significantly contributes to environmental challenges, including the generation of e-waste from outdated equipment, which reached 50 million tons in 2018.

Cloud computing presents significant security and privacy risks, including data theft, breaches, and compromised credentials These vulnerabilities can adversely affect environmental data, leading to potential miscommunication and mismanagement of critical issues like air and water quality or climate change Hackers may manipulate this information, undermining efforts in environmental monitoring and protection.

Cloud computing presents interoperability and portability challenges for data and applications, including compatibility issues, vendor lock-in, and data migration costs These obstacles can restrict the flexibility and options available to cloud users and providers, hindering the adoption of more efficient or sustainable solutions For instance, transitioning to a cloud provider that prioritizes renewable energy may pose difficulties in transferring data and applications without compromising functionality or quality.

Cloud computing presents ethical and social challenges related to data ownership, consent, access, control, and accountability These issues can significantly affect environmental equity and governance For instance, cloud computing can either facilitate or obstruct the involvement and empowerment of marginalized communities in environmental decision-making and actions.

Cloud computing has the potential to exacerbate the digital divide and inequality among regions and countries due to varying levels of access, affordability, quality, and reliability of cloud services This disparity can also affect environmental initiatives, as cloud services play a crucial role in environmental education and innovation Consequently, the availability of cloud computing can either enhance or restrict opportunities for individuals to acquire green skills and develop sustainable solutions.

P2: Examine secondary sources to collect relevant secondary data and information for the environmental impact of cloud computing.

What is a secondary source?

A secondary source is anything that describes, explains, evaluates, or analyzes information from primary sources

 Books, articles, and documentaries that aggregate information on a topic

 Summary and description of works of art

 Encyclopedias and textbooks summarizing information and ideas

 Reviews and essays that evaluate or explain something

When you cite a secondary source, you usually don't analyze it directly Instead, you might test its argument against new evidence or use its ideas to help form your own

2) Examples of sources that can be primary or secondary a) Examples of primary and secondary sources

Novel Article analyzing the novel

Painting Exhibition catalog explaining the painting

Letters and diaries were written by a historical figure

Biography of the historical figure

Essay by a philosopher Textbook summarizing the philosopher’s ideas

Photographs of a historical event Documentary about the historical event

Government documents about a new policy Newspaper article about the new policy

Results of an opinion poll Blog post interpreting the results of the poll

Empirical study Literature review that cites the study

Table 2: Primary source and Secondary sources b) Examples of sources that can be primary or secondary

Secondary sources can transform into primary sources based on the specific research question When the individual, context, or method of creating the source is central to your investigation, it qualifies as a primary source.

When exploring the causes of World War II, a recent documentary serves as a valuable secondary source However, for an analysis of filmmaking techniques in historical documentaries, such films are considered primary sources.

When writing about a Toni Morrison novel, magazine reviews serve as secondary sources; however, if the focus is on the critical reception of her work, these reviews become primary sources.

When analyzing government economic policy, an article discussing a new policy serves as a secondary source However, if the focus shifts to examining media coverage of economic issues, that same article becomes a primary source.

To determine if something can be used as a primary or secondary source in your research, you can ask yourself some simple questions:

 Does this source come from someone directly involved in the events I'm researching (primary) or from another researcher (secondary)?

 Am I interested in evaluating the source itself (primary) or just using it for background (secondary) information?

 Does the source provide original (primary) information or does it comment on information from other (secondary) sources?

3) Primary vs Secondary: which is better?

Most research studies integrate both primary and secondary sources to create a compelling argument While primary sources offer more reliable evidence, secondary sources demonstrate the connection of your work to existing research Additionally, third-party sources are frequently utilized during the initial exploratory phase of research.

What do you use the secondary source for?

Secondary sources provide a comprehensive overview of a topic and insights into various research approaches, often compiling numerous primary sources that would be challenging to gather independently.

- Get background information on the topic

- Support or contrast your argument with the ideas of other researchers

- Collect information from primary sources that you cannot access directly (for example, private messages or physical documents elsewhere)

When performing a literature review or meta-analysis, it's beneficial to refer to secondary sources for a comprehensive understanding of your topic If you come across an article or study cited within a secondary source, it's essential to locate and cite the original source directly.

Relevant secondary data and information on the environmental impact of cloud computing

Cloud computing's energy consumption is a significant environmental concern, with a Bloomberg report indicating it accounted for about 1% of global electricity usage in 2020, projected to rise to 8% by 2030 Data centers, which house millions of servers and network devices, are the largest energy consumers within this ecosystem Despite this, cloud computing offers the potential to reduce energy usage, with a 2011 study sponsored by Google revealing that it can decrease energy consumption by up to 87% compared to traditional PCs and local servers This reduction could equate to enough energy savings to power a city like Los Angeles.

Angeles for a year Some ways to improve the energy efficiency of cloud computing are:

 Use renewable energy sources to power data centers Many cloud service providers have committed to using

100% renewable energy for their operations, such as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon

Implementing efficient and intelligent cooling systems is essential for minimizing heat in servers and other devices Utilizing waterless or low-water cooling techniques, such as air cooling, vacuum cooling, and fog cooling, can significantly enhance energy efficiency and sustainability.

Utilizing virtualization and edge computing technologies enhances the efficiency of computing resources Virtualization enables the sharing of resources across various applications and users, reducing unnecessary processing power waste Meanwhile, edge computing processes data near its source, significantly decreasing the need for extensive data transmission over cables.

2) Carbon emissions of cloud computing

Cloud computing significantly impacts the environment, contributing approximately 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions as reported by the Institute for Global Systems Research (PIK) in 2020 This figure is projected to double by 2025, highlighting the urgent need to address carbon emissions associated with this technology.

Computing's carbon emissions stem from the production, operation, and disposal of IT equipment, reliance on non-renewable energy for data centers, and data transmission However, cloud computing significantly reduces these emissions; a report by Google and WSP Global Inc reveals that it is 93% more energy efficient and produces 98% less greenhouse gas emissions than traditional data centers This efficiency is equivalent to removing 22 million cars from the roads To enhance the carbon efficiency of cloud computing, various strategies can be implemented.

100% renewable energy for their operations, such as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon This helps reduce dependence on polluting fossil energy sources and encourages the development of green industries

Utilize available tools to monitor and report your cloud's carbon emissions, as many cloud service providers offer resources to help customers track and minimize their carbon footprint Notable examples include Google Cloud Carbon Footprint, Microsoft Azure Sustainability Calculator, and Amazon's sustainability tools.

Sustainability Data Initiative This helps increase transparency and accountability for the environmental impact of cloud computing

3) Water use of cloud computing

Water use of cloud computing is one of the important issues related to the environmental impact of this technology

A 2019 Greenpeace report revealed that cloud computing consumed approximately 198 billion liters of water globally in 2018, with projections suggesting an increase to 314 billion liters by 2020 Data centers, which rely on cooling systems to manage heat for servers, are the primary water consumers in the cloud computing ecosystem Notably, many of these data centers are situated in regions facing water scarcity or management challenges Despite this, cloud computing has the potential to lower overall water usage compared to traditional computing systems, as indicated by a report from Google.

WSP Global Inc., cloud computing is 93% more energy efficient and has 98% lower greenhouse gas emissions than

Cloud computing can significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, equivalent to taking 22 million cars off the roads To enhance the water efficiency of cloud computing, various strategies can be implemented.

100% renewable energy for their operations, such as Google, Microsoft, and Amazon This helps reduce dependence on polluting fossil energy sources and encourages the development of green industries

Implementing efficient and intelligent cooling systems is essential for minimizing heat in servers and other devices Utilizing waterless or low-water cooling techniques, such as air cooling, vacuum cooling, or fog cooling, can significantly enhance performance while conserving water resources.

Utilize measurement tools to track and report cloud water consumption Leading cloud service providers, including Google, Microsoft, and Amazon, offer resources like the Google Cloud Water Footprint, Microsoft Azure Water Efficiency Calculator, and Amazon Water, enabling customers to monitor and minimize their water usage linked to cloud services.

Sustainability Data Initiative This helps increase transparency and accountability for the environmental impact of cloud computing

4) Electronic garbage of cloud computing

The e-waste of cloud computing is one of the important issues related to the environmental impact of this technology

A 2019 Greenpeace report highlighted that cloud computing generated approximately 50 million tons of e-waste in 2018, with projections suggesting this figure could rise to 120 million tons by 2050 The sources of this e-waste include the disposal of outdated IT equipment in data centers, the replacement of older devices with more efficient technology, and the use of personal devices for cloud access E-waste poses significant threats to the environment and human health, leading to air, water, and soil pollution, depleting rare natural resources, and causing toxic exposure to organisms due to hazardous materials like mercury, lead, and cadmium Nonetheless, cloud computing offers a potential solution for reducing e-waste, as it is reported to be 93% more energy efficient compared to traditional computer systems, according to Google and WSP Global Inc.

Cloud computing significantly reduces greenhouse gas emissions, achieving a remarkable 98% lower output compared to local data centers This reduction in emissions equates to the environmental benefit of removing 22 million cars from the roads To enhance the e-waste efficiency of cloud computing, various strategies can be implemented.

Recycling and reusing used or damaged IT equipment is essential for sustainability Valuable components and materials can be extracted and repurposed to create new products Additionally, IT equipment can serve various purposes, such as supporting education, aiding charitable initiatives, or contributing to research efforts.

- Use cloud computing e-waste efficiency standards or certificates E-waste management standards or certifications can be applied to cloud service providers and their customers, such as ISO 14001, e-Stewards, or

R2 This helps increase transparency and accountability for the environmental impact of cloud computing

M1: Analyse data and information from primary and secondary sources togenerate knowledge on an identified theme.

Definition and history of cloud computing

Cloud computing delivers computing resources over the internet, encompassing a range of services such as software, hardware, network infrastructure, and server networks.

Users can easily access and purchase resources tailored to their specific needs and usage duration Often referred to as virtual server computing, cloud computing utilizes virtual servers, or "clouds," hosted on the network The term "cloud" serves as a metaphor for the internet itself.

2) The development history of cloud computing

Cloud computing originated from grid computing in the 1980s and evolved through on-demand computing and software as a service (SaaS) A significant milestone in this evolution was the launch of Salesforce.com, which marked a pivotal moment in the development of cloud computing.

1999, which pioneered the concept of enterprise applications delivered through a simple web page

3) Terms and concepts related to cloud computing

There are a number of terms and concepts related to cloud computing that may interest you, including:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud computing model that offers users essential infrastructure resources, including servers, storage, and networking capabilities With IaaS, users can access these resources on-demand and utilize a pay-per-use pricing structure, allowing for flexible and scalable solutions tailored to their needs.

Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud computing model that offers users a comprehensive platform for developing, testing, and deploying applications This service includes essential development tools, infrastructure, and various software components that facilitate the application development process.

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud computing solution that allows users to access software applications via the internet, eliminating the need for installation or maintenance on personal devices.

Utility computing is a flexible computing model that allows users to pay for IT resources on demand, similar to how one pays for utilities like electricity, water, or gas This approach enables businesses to efficiently manage their IT expenses by only paying for the resources they actually use, making it an attractive option for organizations seeking cost-effective solutions.

Grid computing involves the interconnection of multiple computers that collaboratively tackle large-scale problems by dividing them into smaller, manageable tasks that are processed simultaneously This parallel processing approach enhances efficiency and accelerates problem-solving capabilities.

- Virtual server computing: This is a type of computing in which a physical server is divided into multiple virtual servers, each of which acts as a separate server

4) Technologies and advances made in the field of cloud computing

Recent advancements in cloud computing have led to the emergence of innovative services, including Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS), Desktop as a Service (DaaS), IT as a Service (ITaaS), and Ransomware as a Service (RaaS), enhancing technology offerings for users.

Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) is a cloud computing solution that offers users access to AI tools and services for developing applications and solutions With AIaaS, users can create machine learning models, analyze data, and implement AI solutions without requiring extensive expertise in artificial intelligence.

Desktop as a Service (DaaS) is a cloud computing solution that offers users a virtual desktop accessible via the internet This service allows individuals to connect to their virtual desktops from any internet-enabled device, enabling them to utilize applications and access data stored on the service provider's servers.

IT as a Service (ITaaS) offers businesses a flexible model for accessing IT services on demand, allowing them to rent rather than build and maintain their own IT systems This approach enables companies to pay only for the services they use, streamlining costs and enhancing operational efficiency.

- Ransomware as a service (RaaS): This is a type of cybercrime in which an attacker uses tools and services provided by a

RaaS provider to attack the victim's computer system and claim ransom to decrypt encrypted files

In addition, cloud computing also offers many benefits to users, including rapid deployment, scalability, cost savings, and global deployment in minutes.

Impact of cloud computing on the environment

Cloud computing presents both environmental benefits and challenges It can significantly lower energy consumption, waste, and carbon emissions, enabling large companies to reduce their per-user carbon footprint by 30% and small enterprises by up to 90% However, the surging demand for cloud services is leading to increased energy consumption, e-waste, and carbon emissions Greenpeace projects that by 2025, the tech sector could account for 20% of global electricity use, up from the current 7%, largely due to the growth of cloud computing and power-intensive technologies like artificial intelligence In response, many cloud service providers are redesigning data centers to be more eco-friendly, focusing on reducing electricity usage and minimizing carbon emissions.

1) Increased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from data centers and network infrastructure

Cloud computing significantly impacts the environment due to the substantial electricity needed to power and cool servers In 2012, the IT sector's electricity consumption surpassed that of Russia and accounted for nearly half of the total energy use in the United States As demand for cloud computing continues to rise, an IDC study predicts that global annual data traffic will increase by 60% by 2025, reaching 175 Zettabytes, with cloud applications being the primary driver of this growth.

2) Consume natural resources and generate waste from the manufacture and disposal of hardware devices

The production and disposal of hardware devices significantly deplete natural resources and generate waste Manufacturing these devices requires raw material extraction, energy consumption, and results in greenhouse gas emissions Ultimately, the lifecycle of hardware contributes to environmental degradation.

[ASM1: PLAN A COMPUTING PROJECT] [TRAN CONG HOANG] their life cycle, these devices become electronic waste (e-waste) which can have harmful effects on the environment if not disposed of properly

3) Cost and environmental impact of digital activities for users and consumers

Cloud computing often obscures the true costs and environmental effects of digital activities, leaving users unaware of their impact This lack of transparency can lead to the overuse of cloud services, ultimately harming the environment To address this issue, cloud service providers should offer clearer information regarding the costs and environmental consequences of their services.

They can also adopt environmental protection measures in their business, such as using renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions

4) Statistics and data related to the impact of cloud computing on the environment

Cloud computing offers significant environmental benefits by lowering energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions through the consolidation of workloads on fewer, more efficient servers This efficiency can ultimately lead to a reduced carbon footprint for IT operations.

Data centers, essential for powering cloud computing services, are a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 1.3% of global electricity consumption and 2% of global emissions in 2010 As the demand for cloud services rises, the energy consumption of these data centers is expected to increase, exacerbating their environmental impact.

Efforts to enhance energy efficiency in data centers are underway, focusing on minimizing their environmental footprint Companies are increasingly utilizing renewable energy sources to power these facilities, alongside adopting innovative cooling technologies aimed at lowering energy consumption.

Solutions to reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment

Utilizing renewable energy in cloud computing significantly mitigates its environmental impact Unlike fossil fuels, renewable energy sources—such as sunlight, wind, rain, and tides—are clean and virtually limitless, offering a sustainable alternative for powering data centers.

Several cloud companies have started using renewable energy to provide their services For example, AWS offers a Renewable

Our Energy Analytics and Data Lake solution offers a robust data and analytics foundation for customers and partners to effectively monitor and optimize their battery, energy, and storage assets, including solar and wind energy By leveraging renewable energy through cloud technology, we contribute to reducing carbon emissions and safeguarding the environment.

2) Optimizing energy efficiency of data centers

Enhancing the energy efficiency of data centers is crucial for minimizing the environmental impact of cloud computing By implementing energy-saving devices and innovative technologies, companies can significantly lower power consumption in their data center operations Numerous providers, such as Mitsubishi, offer effective solutions designed to optimize the energy performance of these facilities.

Electric offers a wide range of products to support data center construction You can maximize efficiency by using it in conjunction with integrated solutions from Mitsubishi Electric

3) Recycle and reuse hardware devices

Recycling and reusing hardware devices significantly mitigate the environmental impact of cloud computing By recycling used electronics, we can recover valuable resources like rare earth elements, precious metals, plastics, and metals After undergoing a thorough cleaning process, these materials can be resold or repurposed for new equipment, fostering a sustainable circular economy.

Recycling materials from computer hard drives, such as tin, silicon, iron, aluminum, and plastics, can significantly lower the costs of manufacturing new electronic systems while promoting sustainable practices.

Some companies have started recycling programs for their products For example, Logitech has a Global Recycling program for

Electronic Waste and Batteries that encourages users to take their used Logitech devices to a local recycling center

Recycling and reusing hardware devices reduces unnecessary waste and conserves precious resources

4) Standards and policies related to minimizing the impact of cloud computing on the environment

Standards and policies aimed at mitigating the environmental impact of cloud computing focus on enhancing energy efficiency, promoting the recycling and reuse of hardware, and minimizing carbon emissions.

Implementing standards can reduce the negative environmental impact of manufacturing processes and support infrastructure and improve energy efficiency, including buildings, industrial plants, vehicles vehicles, equipment, etc

5) Cloud service providers' efforts to reduce environmental impact

To mitigate the environmental impact of cloud computing, organizations can implement solutions such as utilizing renewable energy sources, enhancing the energy efficiency of data centers, and encouraging the recycling and repurposing of hardware devices.

Utilizing renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power can significantly decrease the carbon footprint associated with electricity generation in data centers Cloud service providers have the opportunity to adopt these sustainable energy solutions to power their operations more environmentally friendly.

Enhancing the energy efficiency of data centers is crucial for cloud service providers By implementing advanced technologies, they can significantly lower the power consumption of servers and cooling systems Additionally, constructing data centers in cooler climates can further reduce cooling requirements, leading to more sustainable operations.

Recycling and reusing hardware devices is a crucial solution for sustainability Cloud service providers can effectively recover and recycle servers and other equipment at the end of their life cycle, while also repurposing components to create new devices.

The future of cloud computing and the environment

1) Forecasts about the impact of cloud computing on the environment in the future

The digital sector accounts for approximately 3-4% of global emissions each year, a figure that could potentially double by 2025 A significant contributor to these emissions is data centers, which are integral to the cloud infrastructure reliant on extensive data transmission networks.

International Energy Association, they are responsible for nearly 1% of annual energy-related global greenhouse gas emissions and generate about 300 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2020

2) Cloud service providers' efforts and plans to reduce future environmental impact

Cloud service providers are actively working to minimize their environmental footprint Google aims to operate all its data centers on carbon-free energy 24/7 by 2030 and is committed to sharing technology and resources to assist global organizations in adopting sustainable practices Similarly, Microsoft has launched initiatives to promote sustainability in cloud computing.

Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability solution, which helps organizations record, report, and reduce their environmental impact

These companies are also working to the energy efficiency of their data centers and increase their use of renewable energy

They are developing tools and technologies to help their customers reduce their carbon footprint associated with cloud usage

To minimize their environmental impact, users and businesses should select sustainable cloud providers, adopt energy-efficient technologies, optimize cloud resource usage, and implement various energy-saving strategies in their operations.

3) New technologies and advancements in reducing the impact of cloud computing on the environment in the future

There are several new technologies and advancements that can help reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment Some of these include:

Many cloud computing providers are increasingly utilizing renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectric power to power their data centers, which significantly lowers the carbon footprint of their operations.

Advancements in hardware technology have resulted in the creation of energy-efficient servers, storage devices, and networking equipment By implementing these innovative devices in their data centers, cloud computing providers can significantly lower their energy consumption and reduce carbon emissions.

Virtualization technology enables multiple virtual servers to operate on a single physical server, significantly enhancing hardware utilization This approach reduces the need for physical servers, leading to lower energy consumption and diminished carbon emissions.

 Data center design: Many cloud computing providers are now designing their data centers to be more energy-efficient

This can include such measures as using natural cooling, improving airflow management, and using more efficient power distribution systems

Many cloud computing providers are actively engaging in carbon offsetting by investing in renewable energy projects and purchasing carbon credits, which helps reduce the environmental impact of their operations.

These are just a few examples of the many new technologies and advancements that can help reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment

4) Responsibility of users and businesses to reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment in the future

To minimize the environmental impact of cloud computing, users and businesses should select cloud service providers dedicated to sustainability and utilize the tools they offer for monitoring and reducing carbon footprints For instance, Microsoft has launched the Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability solution, enabling organizations to track, report, and mitigate their environmental effects Similarly, Google and other companies also prioritize sustainability, providing resources that assist users in decreasing their ecological impact.

In addition, users and businesses can proactively reduce their impact by using energy-efficient technologies, optimizing cloud resource usage, and implementing energy-saving measures other in their business

Microsoft has launched the Microsoft Cloud for Sustainability solution, designed to assist organizations in tracking, reporting, and minimizing their environmental footprint Similarly, Google is committed to sustainability and offers tools that empower users to lessen their environmental impact.

Standards and policies related to cloud computing and the environment

1) Organizations that develop standards and policies on cloud computing and the environment

Several professional and technical organizations are dedicated to establishing standards and policies for cloud computing and its environmental impact Notable entities in this field include the Cloud Standards Customer Council (CSCC) and DMTF, among others in Europe.

Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Open Grid Forum (OGF), Open Commons Consortium (OCC), Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), Storage Networking Industry Association Cloud Data

Management Interface, and The Open Group

The Standards Customer Council (CSCC) was an end-user support group dedicated to promoting cloud technology adoption while addressing standards, security, and interoperability concerns It has published various white papers and articles on cloud-related topics However, it has since been succeeded by the Cloud Working Group, which continues to tackle cloud standards issues.

DMTF plays a crucial role in managing both existing and emerging technologies, including cloud computing, by establishing relevant standards Its dedicated working groups, such as the Open Cloud Standards Incubator and the Cloud Management Working Group, focus on developing these essential standards to enhance cloud management.

Auditing Data Federation Working Group, address cloud issues in greater detail

 European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI): ETSI excels at developing telecommunications standards

Among its cloud-focused activities are Technical Committee CLOUD, the Cloud Standards Coordination initiative, and

Global Inter-Cloud Technology Forum, each of which addresses cloud technology issues

The Open Grid Forum (OGF) is dedicated to creating standards for grid computing, cloud technologies, and advanced digital networking A key initiative within OGF is the Open Cloud Computing Interface working group, which has successfully developed multiple specifications for cloud operations, notably the OCCI Core specification and OCCI.

 Open Commons Consortium: OCC non-profit organization that develops and operates a cloud computing and data commons infrastructure to support, scientific, health care, and research

The Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) is a non-profit consortium dedicated to promoting the development and adoption of open standards within the global information society It hosts various technical committees that concentrate on cloud computing initiatives, including the Cloud Application Management framework.

Platforms (CAMP) Technical Committee and the Cloud Authorization (CloudAuthZ) Technical Committee

 Storage Networking Industry Association Cloud Data Management Interface: The Storage Networking Industry

Association (SNIA) is a non-profit organization made up of member companies spanning information technology Its

Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) is an industry standard that defines the functional interface that applications will use to create, retrieve, update, and delete data elements from the cloud

The Open Group is a worldwide consortium dedicated to helping organizations achieve their business goals through the establishment of technology standards Among its various initiatives, it features specialized working groups that concentrate on cloud computing, such as the Cloud Work Group and the Cloud Ecosystem Reference Model.

Organizations provide essential standards and guidelines for effective cloud implementation It is crucial for businesses utilizing cloud technology to verify that their cloud providers adhere to recognized standards and best practices.

2) International standards and policies on cloud computing and the environment

There are several international standards and policies on cloud computing For example, the IEEE Standards Association

Standards Board approved the IEEE 2302-2021 Standard for Intercloud Interoperability and Federation produced by IEEE's

P2302 Working Group (chaired by NIST's Robert Bohn), following the IEEE's Standards Review Committee recommended

[ASM1: PLAN A COMPUTING PROJECT] [TRAN CONG HOANG] approval The standard is also based on the NIST Special Publication 500-332 The NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture and NIST research

Organizations can enhance their cloud security by adhering to specialized standards such as the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Cloud Security Benchmarks and guidelines from the Cloud Security Alliance, in addition to general compliance standards.

(CSA) Controls Matrix, and the Cloud Architecture Framework

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has established standards for various systems and technologies, including ISO/IEC 17789 (2014), which details cloud computing activities, functional components, and the roles involved, along with their interactions.

3) National standards and policies on cloud computing and the environment

There are several national standards and policies on cloud computing For example, in the UK, the government has published a

Cloud guide for the public sector, also known as 'The One Government Cloud Strategy' (OGCS), which includes lock-in, commercial, technical, security, operations, people, and related issues

In the US, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been designated by the Federal Chief Information

The Chief Information Officer (CIO) is spearheading initiatives to enhance the federal government's secure adoption of cloud computing This involves leading the development of standards and guidelines through close collaboration with standards organizations, the private sector, and various stakeholders.

The NIST Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap Working Group has identified key standards related to interoperability, performance, portability, security, and accessibility that are essential for cloud computing These standards encompass various models, studies, use cases, and conformity assessment programs, ensuring a comprehensive approach to enhancing cloud computing practices.

4) Cloud service providers' efforts to comply with environmental standards and policies

Cloud service providers are increasingly focused on meeting environmental standards Google Cloud, for instance, takes pride in offering the industry's cleanest cloud services, having matched 100% of its energy consumption with renewable sources for the past four years.

ASM1, led by Tran Cong Hoang, is pioneering the use of renewable energy by committing to operate on carbon-free energy 24/7 by 2030, making it the first company of its size to take such a significant step in electricity consumption.

Google Cloud has introduced a new tool called Carbon Footprint, designed to help users monitor and report their carbon emissions linked to Google Cloud Platform usage This free resource, accessible through the Cloud Console, enables all GCP users to measure and track the carbon emissions resulting from the electricity consumed during their cloud activities.

Organizations utilizing cloud technology should verify that their chosen cloud service providers adhere to recognized environmental standards and best practices, as many providers are making efforts to comply with these important policies.

Cloud service providers' efforts to reduce environmental impact

1) Commitments and goals of cloud service providers to reduce environmental impact

Cloud service providers have made various commitments and goals to reduce their environmental impact For example, Google

Cloud is dedicated to minimizing the environmental footprint of cloud computing by investing in renewable energy solutions For the past four years, they have successfully matched 100% of their electricity consumption with renewable energy purchases Additionally, they have set a pioneering goal to operate entirely on carbon-free energy around the clock by 2030, making them the first company of their size to commit to such an ambitious target.

Google Cloud has introduced a free tool called Carbon Footprint, available in the Cloud Console, which allows users to measure and track the gross carbon emissions linked to their Google Cloud Platform usage This innovative product aids customers in reporting their carbon footprint resulting from cloud electricity consumption Additionally, other cloud service providers are also making strides to minimize their environmental impact.

2) Technologies and solutions used by cloud service providers to reduce environmental impact

Cloud service providers are using various technologies and solutions to reduce their environmental impact For example, Google

Cloud has launched a new product called Carbon Footprint, which provides customers with the gross carbon emissions

The ASM1 tool, developed by TRAN CONG HOANG, is a free resource available to all Google Cloud Platform (GCP) users in the Cloud Console This innovative tool enables users to measure, track, and report carbon emissions linked to their cloud electricity consumption, promoting sustainability in cloud computing.

Google Cloud has launched the Carbon Sense suite, integrating features from various Google Cloud products such as Active Assist and Carbon Footprint, to support users in their efforts to contribute to a healthier planet.

3) Collaborative programs and projects between cloud service providers and other organizations to reduce environmental impact

Collaborative programs and projects between cloud service providers and other organizations to reduce environmental impact

Google Cloud has introduced a new tool named Carbon Footprint, designed to help customers assess the total carbon emissions linked to their usage of the Google Cloud Platform This innovative product enables users to measure, monitor, and report their cloud-related electricity carbon footprint while offering valuable insights on strategies to minimize their environmental impact.

Atos, a global leader in digital transformation, offers cloud services and integrates emissions data from the Google Carbon Footprint report into its Decarbonization Data Platform, showcasing its capacity to help customers lower emissions from the Google Cloud Platform Additionally, Atos collaborates with clients to design, build, and operate customized digital solutions that align with their climate objectives.

 L’Oréal is a global beauty company that uses Google Cloud services to drive its digital transformation L'Oréal uses

Google's Carbon Footprint report aims to assess the environmental impact of public cloud usage By utilizing Google Cloud's advanced artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, the report seeks to enhance operational efficiency and minimize environmental effects.

The Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing best practices for cloud security and cyber resiliency It has created the Cloud Control Matrix (CCM), a framework that offers essential controls for cloud service providers and customers to evaluate security, privacy, compliance, and governance, ultimately enhancing the value of cloud services.

CSA also offers certification programs, research initiatives, and collaborative projects to advance the state of cloud security

New technologies and advancements in reducing the impact of cloud computing on the environment

1) New technologies and advancements in optimizing the energy efficiency of data centers

There are many new technologies and advancements in optimizing the energy efficiency of data centers Here are some examples:

NVIDIA has introduced new ultra-power-efficient accelerated data center chips, such as NVIDIA Grace CPU, NVIDIA Grace

Hopper, and NVIDIA BlueField-3 These chips can deliver up to 2x more power-efficient performance than x86 on microservices, analytics, simulation, and more

The IEA's recent report on data centers and data transmission networks analyzes current trends and challenges in energy consumption and emissions from technical infrastructure It offers recommendations aimed at policymakers, industry leaders, and consumers to enhance energy efficiency and eliminate reliance on unsustainable power supplies and supply chains.

DOE has developed a range of resources and tools to help data center operators improve their energy efficiency, such as the

The Data Center Profiler (DC Pro) is a powerful software tool designed to enhance data center energy efficiency by measuring Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and identifying opportunities for improvement It serves as a comprehensive resource guide for data center operators, facilitating the implementation of effective data collection measurement systems to boost operational efficiency Additionally, it outlines best practices for designing energy-efficient data centers, ensuring sustainable and cost-effective operations.

Guide, providing practical guidance on how to design and retrofit data centers for optimal energy efficiency

2) New technologies and advances in the use of renewable energy

There are many new technologies and advancements in the use of renewable energy Here are some examples:

Floating solar panels are innovative solar energy solutions installed on floating platforms in bodies of water, including lakes, reservoirs, and oceans This technology offers numerous advantages, such as conserving land space, minimizing water evaporation, and enhancing the efficiency of solar panels through natural cooling from the water.

Perovskite solar cells utilize a unique crystalline material known as perovskite, enabling them to effectively absorb light and convert it into electricity These innovative solar cells offer advantages such as lower costs, greater flexibility, and improved efficiency compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells.

Solar windows utilize transparent photovoltaic films or coatings to convert sunlight into electricity, effectively transforming buildings into power plants They not only harness renewable energy but also enhance natural lighting and minimize heat loss, making them an innovative solution for energy-efficient architecture.

Pumped hydro technology efficiently utilizes surplus electricity to elevate water into a reservoir, enabling the generation of power through turbines during peak demand As the most prevalent energy storage method, it plays a crucial role in stabilizing the integration of renewable energy sources like wind and solar.

Batteries are essential devices that store chemical energy and transform it into electrical energy, making them crucial for harnessing electricity from renewable sources and providing backup power Recent advancements in materials and design have led to batteries becoming more affordable, scalable, and efficient.

Thermal energy storage is an innovative technology that captures and retains heat or cold for future applications This system effectively stores surplus heat from solar thermal plants, industrial activities, or waste heat, allowing it to be utilized later for electricity generation, heating, or cooling, as well as for regulating chemical processes.

Mechanical energy storage harnesses motion and gravity to efficiently store energy Key technologies in this field include flywheels that store kinetic energy through high-speed rotation, compressed air energy storage that utilizes pressurized air to operate turbines, and gravity-based systems that leverage weights or water tanks to capture potential energy.

Hydrogen, a versatile gas produced from water through renewable electricity, serves as a clean fuel for vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes It can also be utilized as a feedstock for chemicals and synthetic fuels Additionally, hydrogen can be efficiently stored in tanks or pipelines and reconverted into electricity using fuel cells, making it a key player in sustainable energy solutions.

3) New technologies and advancements in recycling and reusing hardware devices

Recent advancements in recycling and reusing hardware devices are significantly influenced by the impact of cloud computing on the environment These new technologies enhance the efficiency of hardware lifecycle management, promoting sustainability and reducing electronic waste By integrating cloud solutions, organizations can optimize resource usage and minimize their carbon footprint, ultimately leading to a greener technology landscape.

A cloud-based recycling platform leverages cloud computing to deliver data-driven waste management and recycling solutions One such example is Recycle Coach, which assists cities and residents in enhancing their recycling practices through personalized information, educational resources, and timely reminders By incorporating artificial intelligence and machine learning, Recycle Coach analyzes waste data to offer valuable insights aimed at reducing waste and promoting diversion.

Cloud-based circular economy models leverage cloud technology to facilitate the reuse, repair, refurbishment, and remanufacturing of hardware devices For instance, Circular Computing employs cloud-based software to oversee the complete lifecycle of laptops, encompassing sourcing, testing, repairing, upgrading, and resale Additionally, the company mitigates its carbon footprint by planting trees and investing in renewable energy initiatives.

A cloud-based device tracking system leverages cloud computing to monitor the location, status, and health of hardware devices throughout their supply chain TES, a company specializing in IT lifecycle services, utilizes its cloud-based system, TES Connect, to track devices in real time, ensuring data security, compliance, and transparency in the recycling and reuse of hardware equipment.

4) New technologies and advances in reducing greenhouse gas emissions

Recent advancements in cloud computing technologies are significantly contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions Innovations in energy-efficient data centers, optimized resource allocation, and the use of renewable energy sources are key factors in minimizing the environmental impact of cloud services These developments not only enhance operational efficiency but also support global sustainability efforts by lowering carbon footprints associated with traditional computing methods.

Responsibility of users and businesses to reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment

1) Actions users can take to reduce the impact of digital activity on the environment

Users can mitigate the environmental impact of cloud computing by adopting several key practices These include optimizing energy usage, choosing eco-friendly cloud service providers, and minimizing data storage needs Additionally, utilizing energy-efficient devices and promoting digital sustainability can further reduce the carbon footprint associated with digital activities By being mindful of their cloud usage, individuals and organizations can contribute to a greener planet.

Turning off video during online meetings significantly lowers the environmental impact, as research from MIT, Purdue University, and Yale University indicates that it can reduce carbon, water, and land emissions by up to 96% To further minimize resource usage, participants can opt for lower video resolutions or choose audio-only options when available.

 Use energy-saving devices and settings: Users can choose devices with higher energy efficiency ratings, such as the

To reduce power consumption, consider using devices with the Energy Star label or activating energy-saving modes and settings Additionally, unplugging devices when they are not in use or utilizing a smart power strip can help prevent wasted energy and minimize backup power loss.

To prolong the lifespan of your devices and ensure proper recycling, consider repairing or upgrading your current equipment rather than purchasing new ones Additionally, you can donate, resell, or exchange any unused devices, promoting sustainability and reducing electronic waste.

[ASM1: PLAN A COMPUTING PROJECT] [TRAN CONG HOANG] recycle them through certified e-waste programs E-waste recycling can recover valuable materials and prevent harmful substances from polluting the environment

Selecting a green cloud provider is essential for users who want to utilize renewable energy sources, enhance energy efficiency, and minimize carbon emissions It's important to assess the carbon footprint of cloud applications, opting for those that demonstrate lower emissions or provide carbon offsetting options.

To minimize unnecessary data usage and storage, users should delete unwanted files, emails, photos, videos, and applications Utilizing data compression tools, disabling autoplay or auto-download features, and opting for offline mode when feasible can further reduce data consumption Additionally, employing a data calculator allows users to estimate their digital carbon footprint and pinpoint areas for enhancement.

2) Actions businesses can take to reduce the impact of digital activities on the environment

Businesses can mitigate the environmental impact of cloud computing through various strategies, such as optimizing data center energy efficiency, utilizing renewable energy sources, implementing effective cooling solutions, and adopting sustainable practices in their digital operations By prioritizing these actions, companies can significantly reduce their carbon footprint while benefiting from the advantages of cloud technology.

Businesses can effectively measure and report their digital carbon emissions by utilizing various tools and frameworks that assess the impact of internet usage, data storage, and cloud services This process enables companies to pinpoint emission sources, establish mitigation objectives, and monitor their progress Additionally, by disclosing their digital carbon footprint to stakeholders—including customers, investors, and regulators—businesses can enhance transparency and accountability in their sustainability efforts.

To enhance energy efficiency in digital operations, businesses can implement several strategies, including disabling video during online meetings, opting for low-resolution or audio-only options, and minimizing unnecessary data usage and storage Utilizing data compression tools and offline modes when available can further reduce energy consumption Additionally, adopting energy-saving devices, such as those with Energy Star labels, and utilizing energy-saving settings can contribute to efficiency It's also advisable to unplug equipment when not in use and employ smart power strips to prevent power loss in standby mode.

To enhance the longevity of your devices and ensure proper recycling, businesses should prioritize repairing or upgrading existing equipment rather than purchasing new items unless absolutely necessary Additionally, consider donating, reselling, or trading in old devices to promote sustainability and reduce electronic waste.

To effectively plan a computing project, consider utilizing unused devices or recycling them through certified e-waste programs This approach not only recovers valuable materials but also helps prevent harmful substances from contaminating the environment.

Selecting eco-friendly cloud providers is essential for businesses aiming to enhance sustainability By opting for services powered by renewable energy, companies can significantly lower their carbon footprint Additionally, evaluating the carbon impact of cloud applications allows businesses to choose options that minimize emissions or provide carbon offsetting solutions.

Businesses can enhance their environmental sustainability by adopting green policies and practices, which include implementing green procurement standards, establishing supplier requirements, engaging employees in eco-friendly initiatives, joining industry alliances, and participating in voluntary certification programs.

3) Programs and projects that collaborate between users, businesses, and other organizations to reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment

There are a number of programs and projects that collaborate between users, businesses, and other organizations to reduce the impact of cloud computing on the environment Here are some examples:

The Climate Pledge, co-founded by Amazon and Global Optimism, aims for net-zero carbon emissions by 2040, a decade ahead of the Paris Agreement Over 200 companies, including major cloud service providers like Microsoft, IBM, and Verizon, have signed the pledge Signatories are required to measure and report their greenhouse gas emissions and adopt effective decarbonization strategies, utilizing credible offsets for any remaining emissions.

The Renewable Energy Buyers Alliance (REBA) is a key membership association that facilitates the procurement of renewable energy by large-scale buyers and suppliers across the United States With a goal of driving 60 gigawatts of new renewable energy projects by 2025, REBA is committed to advancing a sustainable, zero-carbon energy system The organization boasts over 300 members, including major cloud providers such as Google, Facebook, and Salesforce.

Overview

Microsoft research indicates that cloud computing can lower energy consumption and carbon emissions by over 30% compared to traditional servers This shift not only helps businesses save costs but also supports environmental sustainability Cloud computing is a transformative technology that enables these benefits.

Cloud computing, as defined by AWS, involves the delivery of computing resources like CPU, memory, storage, and network connections over the Internet based on user requirements This model allows businesses to access and utilize essential resources flexibly and efficiently, as cloud providers manage the underlying infrastructure One of the key advantages of cloud computing is its cost-effectiveness, enabling users to pay only for the resources they consume rather than for excess capacity.

AWS, cloud computing has the following benefits for businesses:

Businesses can enhance flexibility and scalability by adjusting their computing resources based on specific needs, free from the constraints of physical servers This capability allows companies to swiftly adapt to market changes, meet customer demands, and seize new business opportunities.

Businesses can achieve significant cost savings and optimize efficiency by avoiding the expenses associated with purchasing, installing, maintaining, and upgrading physical servers Instead, they only pay for the computing resources they actually use.

Utilizing cloud services enables businesses to significantly reduce capital, operational, and labor costs Furthermore, cloud providers enhance computing resource efficiency through cutting-edge technologies like virtualization, load balancing, automation, and robust security measures.

Cloud computing services empower businesses to swiftly develop and deploy innovative applications, alleviating concerns about technology and infrastructure challenges This capability fosters the creation of groundbreaking products and services, enhances customer experiences, and provides a significant competitive advantage in the marketplace.

Cloud computing significantly contributes to environmental protection by enabling businesses to minimize their ecological impact By utilizing renewable and efficient energy resources, cloud computing providers help reduce carbon footprints, energy consumption, and electronic waste As highlighted in a CEID article, cloud computing is set to be a prominent technology trend in 2022, offering numerous advantages for businesses, especially in the context of the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic Key trends in cloud computing for 2022 will include enhanced efficiency and sustainability practices.

Hybrid cloud computing integrates both public and private cloud services, allowing businesses to leverage the benefits of each This flexible approach enables organizations to seamlessly transition between various cloud solutions, optimizing for factors such as security, cost, and specific operational needs.

Multi-model cloud computing involves utilizing various cloud service providers to leverage their unique strengths and features This approach allows businesses to mitigate the risks associated with vendor lock-in, improve fault tolerance, and optimize overall performance By adopting a multi-model strategy, organizations can enhance their operational resilience and ensure they are using the best tools available for their specific needs.

Edge computing involves processing data near its source rather than sending it to a distant data center This approach enables businesses to minimize latency, enhance bandwidth, and elevate user experiences in real-time applications like artificial intelligence, machine learning, the Internet of Things, and virtual reality.

Features and areas of business activity in the environmental impact of cloud computing are as follows

Enterprise features in the environmental impact of cloud computing

Cloud computing enables businesses to significantly reduce costs associated with equipment procurement, maintenance, and software upgrades, thereby enhancing competitiveness and profitability To evaluate the financial benefits of cloud computing, companies must analyze various factors, including initial, maintenance, usage, risk, and opportunity costs Additionally, the environmental impact of cloud computing is crucial for sustainable business strategies, as it aids in minimizing e-waste, energy consumption, and carbon emissions, which are vital for combating climate change A study by IDC reveals that businesses adopting cloud solutions can save up to 50% on device and software management costs compared to traditional methods, while also potentially reducing electricity usage by up to 88%, further supporting environmental protection efforts.

Utilizing local servers can lead to an impressive 86% reduction in carbon emissions, enabling businesses to significantly lower their electricity costs and carbon tax liabilities This shift not only promotes financial savings but also plays a crucial role in safeguarding the planet's resources and climate.

Cloud computing enables businesses to effortlessly adjust their computing resources in response to evolving business and technological demands, providing significant flexibility This adaptability not only supports operational efficiency but also enhances the environmental sustainability of cloud computing solutions.

Cloud computing enhances workplace flexibility by allowing employees to access applications and data from remote servers anytime and anywhere with an internet connection This accessibility boosts productivity, collaboration, and overall job satisfaction among employees.

 Cloud computing is a computing model that uses computer technology and develops based on the Internet, allowing users to access IT resources on demand and pay according to usage

 Cloud computing has many benefits for businesses, such as cost savings, increased efficiency, improved competitiveness, expanded markets, and better customer service

Cloud computing enhances cybersecurity for businesses through techniques like encryption, authentication, authorization, and access control However, it also presents significant challenges, including risks associated with data sharing, reliance on service providers, lack of transparency, and issues related to regulatory compliance.

Cloud computing plays a crucial role in Industry 4.0 by digitizing manufacturing industries and enhancing customer relationship management It enables businesses to create digital replicas of real products and processes, allowing for simulation, prediction, and optimization of products and production systems prior to investing in physical equipment.

Cloud computing offers businesses the flexibility to easily scale their computing resources according to fluctuating business and technology demands This adaptability not only enhances operational efficiency but also positively influences the environmental impact associated with cloud computing.

Cloud computing enhances workplace flexibility by allowing employees to access applications and data from remote servers anytime and anywhere with an internet connection This capability boosts productivity, collaboration, and overall job satisfaction among employees.

- Security is the ability to protect an enterprise's data and systems from external threats, such as hackers, viruses, malware, or incidents such as power outages, fires, and floods

Cloud computing enhances business security through the implementation of encryption, authentication, authorization, and access control measures These strategies ensure that only authorized individuals can access sensitive enterprise data and systems, while encryption protects data from theft and unauthorized alterations.

- Cloud computing also helps businesses store data on remote servers, rather than on personal or office devices

Cloud computing significantly minimizes the risk of data loss or damage caused by physical issues or natural disasters, while also enabling businesses to efficiently backup and restore their data with ease.

Cloud computing presents significant cybersecurity challenges, including risks associated with data sharing, reliance on service providers, lack of transparency, and regulatory compliance issues To mitigate these risks, businesses should select a reputable service provider, establish a comprehensive security policy, and adhere to international security standards Additionally, having a robust backup plan and troubleshooting strategies is essential for addressing network security issues effectively.

 The update is the ability to change and enhance the features, functionality, and performance of an enterprise's systems and applications to meet customer and market needs

Cloud computing enables businesses to quickly deploy applications worldwide, significantly reducing latency and enhancing customer experience It also facilitates continuous updates and security patches, safeguarding data from external threats.

Cloud computing empowers businesses to digitize manufacturing processes and enhance customer relationship management By creating digital twins of real products and processes, companies can simulate, predict, and optimize their offerings before committing to physical investments This technology allows for greater flexibility and precision in improving products and production systems.

 However, cloud computing can also cause some up-to-date difficulties such as version incompatibilities, service provider dependencies, lack of control, and compliance with standards legal regulations Therefore, businesses

When planning a computing project, it is essential to select a service provider that offers reliable technical support, maintains a transparent update policy, and adheres to international quality standards Additionally, businesses must establish a plan to test and assess the effectiveness of updates during their deployment.

Business areas in the environmental impact of cloud computing

Cloud computing is an effective tool to help businesses manage their operations efficiently and economically With cloud computing, businesses can use online services to do things like:

- Accounting: Businesses can use services such as QuickBooks, Xero, Wave, to manage financial transactions, make revenue and expenditure reports, and tax accounting,

- Human Resources: Businesses can use services such as BambooHR, Zoho People, Gusto, to manage employee information, salary, benefits, and training,

- Finance: Businesses can use services like Mint, FreshBooks, Expensify, to manage budgets, expenses, and invoices,

- Warehouse management: Businesses can use services such as TradeGecko, Zoho Inventory, Unleashed, to manage inventory, import and export goods, inventory,

- Customer management: Businesses can use services such as Salesforce, HubSpot, Zoho CRM, to manage customer information, customer relationships, and marketing campaigns,

- Quality management: Businesses can use services such as Qualtrics, SurveyMonkey, Zoho Survey, to collect and analyze customer opinions, and evaluate the quality of products and services

Cloud computing services enable businesses to significantly reduce investment costs related to infrastructure, equipment, and personnel needed for maintaining computer systems Additionally, these services provide the flexibility for businesses to access resources from any internet-enabled location.

In planning a computing project, businesses should focus on leveraging connected devices to enhance collaboration with partners and customers while remaining adaptable to evolving needs Ensuring robust data protection against risks like loss, theft, and cyberattacks is crucial Additionally, companies can benefit from the innovative and efficient features offered by cloud service providers, enabling them to stay competitive in a rapidly changing technological landscape.

Cloud computing is a cutting-edge technology that enables businesses to deliver high-quality products and services tailored to customer needs By leveraging online services, companies can enhance their production processes and improve overall efficiency.

- Design: Businesses can use services such as AutoCAD, SketchUp, Adobe Photoshop, to design products and services according to customers' ideas and requirements

- Programming: Businesses can use services like AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, Azure Functions, to program applications and functions for their products and services

- Testing: Businesses can use services such as Selenium, TestComplete, Katalon Studio, to test and ensure the quality of their products and services

- Analytics: Businesses can use services such as Google Analytics, Mixpanel, Tableau, to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of their products and services

- Monitoring: Enterprises can use services such as AWS CloudWatch, Google Cloud Monitoring, Azure Monitor, to monitor and monitor the status of their products and services

- Control: Enterprises can use services such as AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT, Azure IoT, to control and interact with smart devices in the production process

By using cloud computing services, businesses can improve the productivity and quality of the production process

Businesses can also take advantage of the latest and most advanced technologies in the manufacturing sector

Businesses can also be flexible and creative in designing and programming products and services according to

To effectively plan a computing project, businesses must assess customer needs and evaluate the performance of their products and services Additionally, they can leverage technology to monitor and control smart devices throughout the production process, enhancing overall efficiency and effectiveness.

Cloud computing is an inspiration to help businesses develop new, innovative, and innovative products and services

With cloud computing, businesses can use online services to support the development process such as:

- Research: Businesses can use services such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Scopus, etc to search and refer to scientific studies related to their field

- Invention: Businesses can use services like AWS Machine Learning, Google Cloud AI, Azure AI, etc to invent and apply artificial intelligence solutions to their products and services

- Creativity: Businesses can use services like Canva, Adobe Spark, Figma, etc to create and design beautiful products and services for customers

- Innovation: Businesses can use services like AWS CloudFormation, Google Cloud Deployment Manager, Azure

Resource Manager, etc to innovate and improve their products and services over time

Using cloud computing services, businesses can develop new, innovative, and innovative products and services

Businesses can also take advantage of the latest and greatest sources of knowledge and technology in their fields

Businesses can enhance their products and services by embracing flexibility and adaptability in implementing artificial intelligence solutions By focusing on innovation and design, companies can create appealing offerings that meet customer needs Additionally, businesses can continuously improve their products and services by adopting new models and processes.

Cloud computing is an opportunity to help businesses sell their products and services efficiently and at an advantage

With cloud computing, businesses can use online services to support business processes such as:

Businesses can leverage marketing services like Mailchimp, HubSpot, and Constant Contact to effectively promote their products and services to potential customers through various channels, including email, social media, and websites.

- Sales: Businesses can use services such as Shopify, WooCommerce, BigCommerce, to sell and manage orders for their products and services through online stores

- Delivery: Businesses can use services such as FedEx, UPS, DHL, to deliver and track the delivery status of their products and services through shipping services

Businesses can enhance customer care by utilizing services like Zendesk, Freshdesk, and LiveChat, which facilitate the resolution of customer issues and complaints through various channels, including email, phone, and chat.

- Payment: Businesses can use services such as PayPal, Stripe, Square, to pay and receive payments for their products and services through methods such as credit cards, Debit cards, e-wallets,

By using cloud computing services, businesses can trade their products and services efficiently and at an advantage

Businesses can expand their global reach, enhancing their reputation and building customer trust while simultaneously reducing costs and minimizing risks in their operations.

5) Examples of businesses using cloud computing to improve business operations and protect the environment

Specific examples of businesses using cloud computing and how they leverage its features to improve business operations and protect the environment, some of the key points are:

Netflix leverages cloud computing to efficiently deliver online content to millions globally, significantly lowering costs and energy consumption compared to traditional DVD distribution This technology enhances the scalability, flexibility, and security of Netflix's services, allowing for a more responsive and reliable streaming experience.

Google Cloud empowers companies such as HSBC, L'Oréal, and Salesforce to effectively measure and minimize their carbon emissions linked to cloud computing Utilizing tools like Carbon Footprint and Carbon Sense, these businesses enhance their performance, adhere to environmental regulations, and advance their sustainability objectives.

6) Compare and evaluate cloud computing providers in terms of features and environmental impact

Comparing and evaluating different cloud providers in terms of features and environmental impact, some of the key points are:

Google Cloud stands out as a leading cloud computing provider, noted for its high energy efficiency and low carbon emissions With a significant commitment to renewable energy sources and transparent environmental policies, it has earned an A rating in Greenpeace's assessment of green cloud providers.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) stands as the leading cloud computing provider globally, offering a wide range of appealing features and services for businesses Despite its prominence, AWS faces significant environmental challenges, including low energy efficiency, a substantial carbon footprint, limited renewable energy resources, and unclear commitments to environmental protection According to Greenpeace's report on green cloud providers, AWS receives a grade of C, highlighting these environmental concerns.

Microsoft Azure, the world's second-largest cloud computing provider, offers a range of features and services comparable to AWS While Azure boasts superior energy efficiency and a smaller carbon footprint than AWS, it still falls short in certain areas.

Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure both prioritize renewable energy sources, with Microsoft Azure demonstrating a strong commitment to environmental protection In fact, Microsoft Azure has earned a B rating in Greenpeace's report on green cloud providers, highlighting its efforts in sustainability.

7) Recommendations and recommendations for businesses when using cloud computing to optimize features and minimize the negative impact on the environment

Some recommendations and recommendations for businesses when using cloud computing to optimize features and minimize negative impacts on the environment, some of the main ideas are:

Businesses should select reputable and environmentally responsible cloud computing providers, such as Google Cloud and Microsoft Azure, which are highly ranked in Greenpeace's green cloud report.

- Businesses should track and report on the carbon footprint of their use of cloud computing, using tools such as

Carbon Footprint and Carbon Sense to measure and reduce carbon emissions associated with their use use cloud computing

Who are the business stakeholders?

Business stakeholders are individuals or organizations that impact or are impacted by a company's activities They can be categorized based on their level of influence and interest, often using a stakeholder matrix that features these two axes The level of influence reflects stakeholders' ability to affect business outcomes, while the level of interest indicates their concern for those outcomes This framework allows for the classification of stakeholders into four distinct groups, facilitating better management and engagement strategies.

High-impact and high-interest stakeholders play a crucial role in a business, making it essential to prioritize their involvement in decision-making and activity implementation Key stakeholders include shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, investors, government entities, and local communities Engaging these groups effectively can lead to better outcomes and enhanced business success.

Stakeholders with significant influence but low interest can greatly impact a business despite their limited concern for its outcomes It is essential to keep these stakeholders informed and engaged with business activities to prevent potential obstacles or conflicts of interest Examples of such stakeholders include authorities, non-governmental organizations, and media organizations.

Low-impact and high-interest stakeholders are individuals or groups that have a strong interest in a business but typically do not significantly influence its outcomes It is essential to acknowledge and address their needs and desires to foster satisfaction and support for the organization Examples of these stakeholders include potential customers, employees, and relevant community groups.

Stakeholders with low influence and low interest play a minimal role in the business and require limited attention in stakeholder management It is essential to monitor and keep them informed about business activities to prevent any potential oversight or negative impact Examples of such stakeholders include researchers, analysts, and unrelated community groups.

Business stakeholders can be categorized into various types based on the industry, business nature, and specific circumstances This categorization allows for a clearer understanding of stakeholder dynamics, which can be organized into a defined matrix.

High interest Shareholders, employees, customers,

Low interest Suppliers, government, competitors Researchers, Analysts

Table 3: The matrix of stakeholders

Shareholders hold significant influence and interest in a business as they are the owners who directly benefit from the company's performance Their ability to impact company strategy and decisions is exercised through electing the board of directors and participating in shareholder meetings Additionally, shareholders monitor the company's activities and demand transparency in reporting Their primary concerns revolve around profitability, stock value appreciation, and sustainable development, categorizing them as high-impact, high-interest stakeholders.

Employees play a crucial role in shaping a business, as they are directly involved in executing tasks and driving company growth Their influence and engagement significantly impact the overall quality and effectiveness of operations.

When planning a computing project, it's essential to consider the perspectives of stakeholders, particularly those who have high interest and high impact, such as employees These stakeholders prioritize a positive working environment, sustainable career opportunities, and stable income, which are crucial for the success of the company's products and services.

Customers are essential stakeholders in any business, as they directly impact revenue through their purchases Their influence on demand and response to products and services is significant, making their interests crucial for success Customers prioritize quality offerings, competitive pricing, and attentive service, categorizing them as high-impact and high-interest stakeholders.

Suppliers hold a high influence but low interest in the business, as they provide essential goods and services in exchange for payment Their role significantly impacts the quality and efficiency of a company's supply chain, making timely and reasonable payments a priority for them Consequently, they are categorized as high-impact, low-interest stakeholders.

The community plays a crucial role as low-impact, high-interest stakeholders in a business, as they are directly affected by the company's operations Their concerns often revolve around the company's social responsibility, environmental protection, and contributions to socio-economic development, making their influence significant in shaping the social and ecological landscape in which the business operates.

The government plays a significant role in business operations, exerting high influence while maintaining low interest As regulatory authorities, they shape company activities through laws and policies, ensuring compliance with legal standards, tax obligations, and job creation Consequently, the government is categorized as a high-impact, low-interest stakeholder in the corporate landscape.

Competitors hold a significant influence over a business while exhibiting low interest, as they provide similar or alternative products and services Their presence can directly impact a company's market share, revenue, and overall profitability.

They care about whether the company has a competitive advantage They will be classified as high-impact and low-interest stakeholders

Strategic partners hold significant influence and interest in a business, as they collaborate to generate mutual value Their involvement can greatly impact the company's competitiveness, innovation, and growth These stakeholders prioritize the maintenance of strong, beneficial relationships, categorizing them as high-impact and high-interest entities within the business ecosystem.

How to identify stakeholder needs, wants, and expectations?

Understanding the needs, wants, and expectations of stakeholders is crucial for businesses aiming to develop effective strategies and fulfill market demands Meeting these criteria is essential for achieving success in today's competitive landscape.

In marketing, it is crucial to differentiate between needs, wants, and demands Needs refer to basic requirements essential for survival, such as food, clothing, and shelter Wants are specific items that consumers desire to fulfill those needs, influenced by personal preferences and societal factors Demand arises when consumers have the willingness and purchasing power to acquire a product By understanding these distinctions, marketers can better address consumer insights and prioritize their strategies effectively.

Stakeholder management is crucial for business success, involving the organization and improvement of relationships with various stakeholders such as customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, and communities Each stakeholder group has distinct needs and expectations that businesses must understand to create effective strategies By identifying and prioritizing stakeholders, companies can align their objectives with stakeholder interests, thus minimizing risks and enhancing project outcomes Effective communication and engagement with stakeholders are essential to maintain their support and interest throughout the project lifecycle, ultimately contributing to a business's reputation and competitive advantage.

 Customers: There is a need for an economical, durable, and environmentally friendly means of transportation

Expect to get bikes that are nice, comfortable, and fit their style Expecting that the business will provide good after-sales services, such as warranty, maintenance, repair,

Employees seek stable, safe, and well-paying jobs with favorable working conditions, including modern machinery, complete equipment, and a comfortable environment They also expect opportunities for training, professional development, and recognition from the organization.

Shareholders seek a stable and profitable investment, prioritizing transparent and timely information regarding the company's performance They expect strong corporate governance, legal compliance, and equitable distribution of benefits among shareholders.

A dependable and long-term supplier is essential for fostering a successful business partnership It is crucial to establish mutually beneficial supply contracts that include fair pricing, adequate quantities, and flexible delivery schedules Additionally, effective collaboration and support are expected to address any business challenges that may arise.

Competitors hold significant influence with low interest in the business, as they provide similar or alternative products and services Their actions can impact the market share, revenue, and profitability of a business They closely monitor whether the business can achieve a competitive advantage.

Strategic partners hold significant influence and interest in a business, as they collaborate to generate mutual value Their involvement can enhance the company's competitiveness, drive innovation, and foster growth These partners are invested in ensuring that the business sustains a long-term, beneficial relationship, which is crucial for ongoing success.

The local community holds significant interest in the business while exerting low influence, as they are directly impacted by its operations Their perceptions can shape the company's reputation and social responsibility Community members prioritize ethical practices, emphasizing the importance of protecting workers' rights, consumer interests, and environmental sustainability.

The government plays a significant role in business operations, wielding high influence while exhibiting low interest in day-to-day activities Their authority to regulate and manage businesses directly impacts their survival and growth Key concerns for the government include ensuring compliance with laws, taxes, and regulations, as well as fostering contributions to the nation’s socio-economic development.

How to effectively manage stakeholders?

Strategies for effective stakeholder management:

Identifying your stakeholders is crucial for project success Utilize tools like stakeholder charts or matrices to classify them according to their power, interests, influence, and impact on the project This strategic approach ensures effective engagement and communication throughout the project lifecycle.

 Prioritize your stakeholders: Define the role of each stakeholder and how important they are to the project

You can use tools like power/interest grids or influence/impact grids to rank them based on their needs and expectations

To effectively engage your stakeholders, it is crucial to understand their interests, motivations, goals, and concerns Utilizing analytical tools such as stakeholder analysis or SWOT analysis can help you evaluate their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, allowing for a more informed approach to addressing potential issues.

To effectively engage your stakeholders, it's essential to establish clear goals that outline your desired outcomes and methods for measuring their satisfaction Utilizing frameworks such as SMART or OKR can help you create specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound objectives that guide your interactions and ensure alignment with stakeholder expectations.

To effectively align your project strategy with stakeholder needs and expectations, it is crucial to utilize tools such as distance analysis and force field analysis These methods can help identify discrepancies and barriers between your current state and desired outcomes, ensuring a more cohesive approach to stakeholder engagement.

Effectively manage your internal strategy by coordinating team members and resources to achieve stakeholder goals Utilize tools such as the RACI matrix or responsibility assignment matrix to clearly define roles and responsibilities for each team member.

To ensure successful stakeholder engagement, develop a tailored communication strategy that addresses the unique needs and preferences of each stakeholder Utilize tools such as a media plan or stakeholder engagement plan to outline the frequency, methods, content, and response mechanisms for your communications.

To foster trust with stakeholders, it is essential to share regular and transparent updates on project progress, achievements, challenges, and risks Utilizing tools such as dashboards, reports, newsletters, or presentations can effectively communicate relevant and accurate data, ensuring stakeholders remain informed and engaged.

Engaging stakeholders throughout the project is crucial for success; actively involve them in activities, decisions, and changes Utilize tools such as surveys, interviews, seminars, and focus groups to gather valuable feedback, input, and suggestions from them.

 Assess stakeholder satisfaction: Measure and monitor the satisfaction and engagement of your stakeholders

You can use tools like KPIs, metrics, surveys, or feedback forms to gauge how well you've met their goals and expectations.

How to measure the effectiveness of stakeholder management?

To evaluate the effectiveness of stakeholders on the success of the business, a variety of criteria and methods can be used, such as:

The alignment of stakeholder interests with business objectives is crucial, as it evaluates how effectively the expectations and needs of stakeholders correspond with the company's vision and mission A strong connection in this area signifies a positive relationship that promotes mutual benefits and builds trust.

Measuring stakeholder satisfaction and engagement is crucial for assessing their attachment to business outcomes and operations High satisfaction and engagement levels reflect a loyal and committed relationship, which can significantly enhance retention and support for the organization.

The influence of stakeholders' actions and feedback significantly impacts business performance and outcomes This criterion evaluates the extent to which stakeholder behavior affects overall results, highlighting the importance of engaging with and understanding stakeholder perspectives to drive success.

Karma High impact indicates strong and influential relationships that can drive innovation and improvement

Some methods to evaluate these criteria are:

Surveys and interviews are effective methods for gathering insights from stakeholders regarding their opinions, perceptions, and experiences with a business These techniques facilitate the collection of both quantitative and qualitative data, providing valuable information on stakeholder satisfaction, engagement, alignment, and overall impact.

Stakeholder analysis is a crucial method for identifying and categorizing stakeholders according to their power, interests, influence, and attitudes toward a business This approach aids in prioritizing and aligning communication and engagement strategies tailored to various stakeholder groups.

 Stakeholder mapping: This method involves visualizing the relationships between stakeholders and the business using diagrams or matrices It can help identify key influencers, advocates, opponents, and neutrals among stakeholders

 Stakeholder Feedback Loop: This method involves collecting, analyzing, and acting on feedback from stakeholders regularly It can help track and improve stakeholder satisfaction, engagement, alignment, and impact

How to enhance corporate social responsibility towards stakeholders?

Enhancing corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves businesses voluntarily committing to ethical practices that benefit their stakeholders' social and environmental well-being By implementing CSR principles, companies can showcase their values and accountability Engaging in activities such as fundraising, volunteering, and environmental protection allows businesses to connect with stakeholders on important issues, fostering trust, reputation, and loyalty The following table outlines key strategies for improving CSR towards stakeholders.

Applying CSR Principles, standards, and

Adopting and following ethical guidelines and best practices that reflect the social and environmental responsibilities of the business

Adopting the UN Global Compact principles on human rights, labor, environment, and anti-corruption

Participating in fundraising activities Raising money for charitable causes or social initiatives that are relevant to the business or the stakeholders

Organizing a charity auction or a donation campaign for a local hospital or school

Volunteering Giving time and skills to support non- profit organizations or community projects that are related to the business or the stakeholders

Volunteering at a food bank or a homeless shelter or mentoring young entrepreneurs

Protecting the environment Reducing the environmental impact of the business operations and products or services and promoting environmental awareness and action among the stakeholders

Implementing energy-efficient measures or recycling programs or sponsoring a tree-planting event

Supporting the community Engaging with and contributing to the social and economic development of the local community where the business operates or serves

Creating jobs or training opportunities or supporting local businesses or cultural events

Table 4: Corporate social responsibility(CSR)

Tiêu đề	Planning a computing project
Tác giả	Conghoang.Tran
Trường học	BTEC
Chuyên ngành	Computing
Thể loại	bài tập

Định dạng
Số trang	77
Dung lượng	1,67 MB
File đính kèm	PCP_ASM1_P+M.rar (1 MB)