1) Organizations that develop standards and policies on cloud computing and the environment.
There are numerous professional and technical organizations that develop standards and policies on cloud computing and the environment. Some of these organizations include the Cloud Standards Customer Council (CSCC), DMTF, European
Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Open Grid Forum (OGF), Open Commons Consortium (OCC), Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS), Storage Networking Industry Association Cloud Data
Management Interface, and The Open Group.
Standards Customer Council (CSCC): CSCC is an end-user support group focused on the adoption of cloud technology and examining cloud standards and security and interoperability issues. It has produced numerous white papers and articles on cloud issues. It has been superseded by the Cloud Working Group and addresses cloud standards issues via its Cloud Working Group.
DMTF: DMTF supports the management of existing and new technologies, such as the cloud, by developing appropriate standards. Its working groups, such as Open Cloud Standards Incubator, Cloud Management Working Group, and Cloud Auditing Data Federation Working Group, address cloud issues in greater detail.
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI): ETSI excels at developing telecommunications standards.
Among its cloud-focused activities are Technical Committee CLOUD, the Cloud Standards Coordination initiative, and Global Inter-Cloud Technology Forum, each of which addresses cloud technology issues.
[ASM1: PLAN A COMPUTING PROJECT] [TRAN CONG HOANG]
Open Grid Forum (OGF): OGF develops standards for grid computing, cloud, and advanced digital networking and distributed computing technologies. Among its cloud-focused activities is the Open Cloud Computing Interface working group, which has developed several cloud operating specifications, including the OCCI Core specification and OCCI Infrastructure extension.
Open Commons Consortium: OCC non-profit organization that develops and operates a cloud computing and data commons infrastructure to support, scientific, health care, and research.
Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS): OASIS is a non-profit consortium that drives the development, convergence, and adoption of open standards for the global information society. It has a number of technical committees focused on cloud computing, including the Cloud Application Management for Platforms (CAMP) Technical Committee and the Cloud Authorization (CloudAuthZ) Technical Committee.
Storage Networking Industry Association Cloud Data Management Interface: The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) is a non-profit organization made up of member companies spanning information technology. Its Cloud Data Management Interface (CDMI) is an industry standard that defines the functional interface that applications will use to create, retrieve, update, and delete data elements from the cloud.
The Open Group: The Open Group is a global consortium that enables the achievement of business objectives through technology standards. It has a number of working groups focused on cloud computing, including the Cloud Work Group and the Cloud Ecosystem Reference Model.
These organizations offer their own standards, recommendations, and guidance for successful cloud implementation. It is important for organizations using cloud technology to ensure that their cloud providers comply with established standards and best practices.
2) International standards and policies on cloud computing and the environment.
There are several international standards and policies on cloud computing. For example, the IEEE Standards Association Standards Board approved the IEEE 2302-2021 Standard for Intercloud Interoperability and Federation produced by IEEE's P2302 Working Group (chaired by NIST's Robert Bohn), following the IEEE's Standards Review Committee recommended
[ASM1: PLAN A COMPUTING PROJECT] [TRAN CONG HOANG]
approval. The standard is also based on the NIST Special Publication 500-332 The NIST Cloud Federation Reference Architecture and NIST research.
In addition to general compliance standards, specialized standards have evolved, which can help organizations achieve a secure cloud environment. These include the Center for Internet Security (CIS) Cloud Security Benchmarks, the Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) Controls Matrix, and the Cloud Architecture Framework.
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has also created standards for many kinds of systems and technologies, such as ISO/IEC 17789 (2014) which outlines cloud computing activities, functional components, and roles, including the way they interact.
3) National standards and policies on cloud computing and the environment.
There are several national standards and policies on cloud computing. For example, in the UK, the government has published a Cloud guide for the public sector, also known as 'The One Government Cloud Strategy' (OGCS), which includes lock-in,
commercial, technical, security, operations, people, and related issues.
In the US, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been designated by the Federal Chief Information Officer (CIO) to accelerate the federal government's secure adoption of cloud computing by leading efforts to develop standards and guidelines in close consultation and collaboration with standards bodies, the private sector, and other stakeholders. The NIST Cloud Computing Standards Roadmap Working Group has the existing standards landscape for interoperability,
performance, portability, security, and accessibility standards/models/studies/use cases/conformity assessment programs, etc., relevant to cloud computing.
4) Cloud service providers' efforts to comply with environmental standards and policies.
Cloud service providers are making efforts to comply with environmental standards and policies. For example, Google Cloud is proud to support its customers with the cleanest cloud in the industry. For the past four years, they have matched 100% of their
[ASM1: PLAN A COMPUTING PROJECT] [TRAN CONG HOANG]
electricity use with renewable energy purchases, and they were the first company of their size to commit going even further by running on carbon-free energy 24/7 by 2030.
Google Cloud has also launched a new product called Carbon Footprint, which provides customers with the gross carbon
emissions associated with their Google Cloud Platform usage. Available to every GCP user for free in the Cloud Console, this tool helps users measure, track and report on the carbon emissions associated with the electricity of their cloud usage.
Other cloud service providers may have similar efforts to comply with environmental standards and policies. It is important for organizations using cloud technology to ensure that the cloud providers they select comply with established standards and best practices.