Chuyên đề 7 gerund and infinitive

I found a coin lying on the sidewalk Exercise 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng danh động từ/phân từ hiện tại/ danh động từ hoàn thành và phân từ hoàn thành 1.. Exercise

CHUYÊN ĐỀ 7DANH ĐỘNG TỪ (GERUND) VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ NGUYÊN MẪU (INFINITIVE VERB)

1 To-infinitive

- Sau các động từ: Agre , appear, afford, ask, demand, expect, hesitate, intend, invite, want, wish, hope, promise, decide, tell, refuse, learn, fail (thất bại), plan, manage, pretend (giả vờ), remind, persuade, encourage, force, order, urge (thúc giục), seem, tend, threaten,…

Ex: I’m happy to receive your latter.

+ S + V + too + adj / adv + to-inf

+ S + V + adj / adv + enough + to-inf

+ S + find / think / believe + it + adj + to-inf

Ex: I find it difficult to learn English vocabulary.

- Sau các từ nghi vấn: what, who, which, when, where, how ,… (nhưng thường không dùng sau why)

Ex: I don’t know what to say.

* Note:

- allow / permit/ advise / recommend + O + to-inf She allowed me to use her pen.

- allow / permit / advise / recommend + V-ing She didn’t allow smoking in her room.

2 Bare infinitive (V1)

Động từ nguyên mẫu không to được dùng:

- Sau động từ khiếm khuyết: can, will, shall, could, would,…

- Sau các động từ: let, make, would rather, had better

Ex: They made him repeat the whole story.

- Help + to-inf / V1 / with Noun

Ex: He usually helps his sister to do her homework.

He usually helps his sister do her homework.

He usually helps his sister with her homework.

II GERUND (V-ing)

- Sau các động từ: enjoy, avoid, admit, appreciate (đánh giá cao), mind (quan tâm, ngại), finish, practice, suggest, postpone (hoãn lại), consider (xem xét), hate, admit (thừa nhận), like, love, deny (phủ nhận), detest (ghét), keep (tiếp tục), miss (bỏ lỡ), imagine (tưởng tượng), mention, risk, delay (trì hoãn), ….

- Sau các cụm động từ: cant’ help (không thể không), can’t bear / can’t stand (không thể chịu được), be used to, get used to, look forward to, it’s no use / it’s no good (không có ích lợi gì), be busy, be worth (đáng giá)

- Sau giới từ: in, on, at, from, to, about …

- Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, since,…

Ex: You should lock the door when leaving your room

- S + spend / waste + time / money + V-ing

Ex: I spent thirty minutes doing this exercise.

III INFINITIVE OR GERUND

1 Without changing in meaning:

- begin / start / continue/ like / love + To-inf / V-ing

Ex: It started to rain / raining.

2 Changing in meaning:

+ remember / forget / regret + V-ing: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc đã xảy ra rồi (trong quá khứ)

+ remember / forget / regret + to-inf: nhớ / quên/ nuối tiếc việc chưa, sắp xảy ra (trong tương lai)

Ex: Don’t forget to turn off the light when you go to bed.

I remember meeting you some where but I can’t know your name.

Remember to send her some flowers because today is her birthday.

+ stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn việc gì

+ stop + to-inf: dừng … để …

Ex: He stopped smoking because it is harmful for his health.

On the way home, I stopped at the post office to buy a newspaper.

+ try + V-ing: thử

+ try + to-inf: cố gắng

+ need + V-ing = need + to be + V3: cần được (passive)

+ need + to-inf: cần (active)

Ex: I need to wash my car.

My car is very dirty It needs washing / to be washed.

+ Causative forms:

S + have + O người + V + O vật

S + have + O vật + V3 + (by + O người)

S + get + O người + to-inf + O vật S + get + O vật + V3 + (by + O người) Bài tập áp dụng Exercise 1: Xác định những từ gạch chân sau là danh động từ (Gerund) hay là phân từ hiện tại (present participle) Viết G (nếu là danh động từ) và p (nếu là phân từ hiện tại). 1 I think you should start practising now!

2 Listening to music after work helps me relax my mind

3 It's a waste of time playing computer games

4 There are some people waiting to see you, Sir

5 She thought of what he had said, smiling happily

6 My mother is in the sitting room

7 The girl next door is playing the piano at the moment

8 The thing I like best, chatting with friends, always makes me relaxed

9 The man driving the red car is my husband

10 My sister said she was bored with doing the same things every day

11 The book is so interesting that I can't put it down

12 Feeling so hungry, I went down to the kitchen to find anything to eat

13 When he was walking on the pavement, he ran into me

14 The missing child was last seen playing near the river

15 I found a coin lying on the sidewalk

Exercise 2: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng danh động từ/phân từ hiện tại/ danh động từ hoàn thành và phân từ hoàn thành

1 My boss spends two hours a day (travel) to work

2 (Swim) is my favorite sport

3 I enjoy (play) tennis with my friends

4 In spite of (miss) the train, we arrived on time.

5 (complete) the book, he had a holiday

6 The man denied (be) at the scene of the accident last night

7 (park) the car about a kilometer from the stadium, I walked the rest of the way

8 (take) the umbrella with him, he went out in the heavy rain

9 I have to work hard these days I am always busy (do) my homework

10 I suggested (spend) the day in the garden

11 Why do you keep (look) back? Are you afraid of (be) followed? 

12 After (find) a hotel, we looked for some place to have dinner

13 (Feel) tired, I went to bed earlyễ

14 (finish) the housework, Tâm Vy went for a walk

15 We must avoid (hurt) other people's feeling

16 (Learn) a foreign language takes a long time

17 (Fail) twice, he didn't want to try again

18 Jack admitted (steal) the money

19 (open) the drawer, she took out a book

20 She warned the little boy against (play) with matches

Exercise 3:

Dùng những từ trong bảng đê hoàn thành những câu sau với dạng đúng của động từ:

1 Mr White didn't have any money, so he decided a job

2 The teacher reminded the students their assignments in time

3 My group leader expects me this paper as soon as possible

4 Our teacher encourages us a dictionary whenever we are unsure of the meaning of a word

5 Before I went away to college, my mother had reminded me her a letter once a week

6 Mrs Snow has warned her young children not the hot stove

7 The student on the corner pretended the answers to the teacher's questions

8 Residents are not allowed pets in that apartment building

9 All applicants are required the entrance examination

10 Ann advised her sisters the plane instead of driving to San Francisco

Exercise 4: Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống trong những câu sau một động từ phù hợp về nghĩa và dạng đúng của động từ

1 I was glad a present from my old closest friend

2 I was relieved out that I had passed the exam

3 The jet pilot was very lucky alive after the plane crash

4 The children were excited to the circus

5 Sunny didn't feel like going anywhere She was content at home and a book

6 The teacher is always willing the students with difficult exercises

7 The students are motivated part in the English speaking contest

8 Jessica was hesitant home alone on the dark street.

9 I was surprised Mr Jay at the meeting

10 We were very sorry the bad news about the collapse of the bridge

Exercise 5: Chia dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1 I'd rather (stay) home tonight

2 He keeps (hope) and (pray) that things will get better

3 I don't know why he avoids (meet) me

4 The boy admitted (break) my ancient flower vase

5 I promise (not tell) you a lie

6 The students stopped (talk) when the teacher came in

7 I'll try (not make) the same mistake again

8 Would you mind (give) me a hand?

9 Have you ever watched people (try) (catch) fish?

10 Do you have any money (pay) for the book?

11 After (hear) the conditions, I decided (not enter) for the competition

12 Imagine (have) (get) up at 4 a.m every day

13 There were some people (row) on the river

14 Your hair needs (cut) You'd better (have) it done tomorrow – unless you'd like

me (have) a go at it for you

15 The children prefer (watch) TV to (read)

16 She has something (tell) you

17 It took me three days (find) out the old photograph

18 Do you remember (read) about it? No, at that time I was too young (read) newspaper

19 My brother is a stamp collector He started (collect) stamps when he was 15 years old

20 It's difficult (get) used to getting up early

Exercise 6: Chọn đáp án đúng

1 I couldn't help at his jokes

2 Tom offered Jane a ticket to the theater, but she refused to take it

3 Those workers stopped their coffee because they felt tired of their new work

4 He asked them

A help him B should help him C to help him D help to him

5 Mr Minh advised my family leaving Vietnam

6 I hope that woman again

7 She wasted much time her old pair of shoes.

8 He regrets lazy last year He lost his job

9 She remembered that woman last month

10 David tried his best , but his girlfriend refused

A explaining; to listen B explaining; listening

C to explain; to listen D to explain; listening

11 We heard a baby in a neighbouring village

12 Willy denied a whole bag of chocolate chip cookies before lunch

13 I was delighted my old friends again

14 We regret you that we cannot approve your suggestion

15 Have you ever considered a pharmacist?

16 You had better at home until you feel better

17 I remember my mother said the grass in the garden needed

A to hear; cutting B hear; cut C heard; to cut D hearing; cutting

18 My teacher doesn't allow us while he is explaining the lesson

19 We have plenty of time We needn't

20 I promised on time I mustn't late

Exercise 7: Tìm lỗi sai trong câu và sửa lại cho đúng

1 She likes her job but does not like wear uniforms

BT 1 Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng V hoặc to V

1 He made me (do) it all over again

2 She can (sing) quite well

3 He will be able (swim) very soon

4 I used (live) in a caravan

5 You ought (go) today It may (rain) tomorrow

6 I want (see) the house where our president was born

7 He made her (repeat) the message

8 May I (use) your phone?

9 They won't let us (leave) _ the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined.

10 He wouldn't let my baby (play) with his gold watch

11 They refused (accept) the bribe Please let me (know) your decision as soon

as possible

12 Could you (tell) me the time, please?

13 We must (send) a telegram

14 You can (leave) your dog with us if you don't (want) (take) him with you

15 I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go)

16 We could (go) _ to a concert, unless you'd prefer (visit) a museum

17 It is easy (be) wise after the event

18 If you can't (remember) his number you'd better (look) it up

19 He should (know) how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't had better (show) him

20 I saw the driver (open) _his window and (throw) a box into the bushes

BT 2 Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng to V hoặc Ving

1 She kept (talk) during the film

2 I am learning (speak) English

3 Do you mind (give) me a hand?

4 I advised you (start) (look) for a flat at once

14 Many young people are fond of (play) football and other kinds

of sports

16 I remember (allow) them to play in my garden

18 We regret (inform) _ you that we cannot approve your suggestion.

19 The driver stopped (have) a coffee because he felt sleepy

20 Please wait a minute My boss is busy (write) something

BT 3 Chia động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng Ving hoặc to V có ý nghĩa khác nhau

1 My brother stopped (go) _ to the youth club because he is very busy

2 She was late because she stopped (help) _ some children cross the street

3 Where are the keys? I remember (lay) _ them on this table this morning

4 Remember (visit) me when you come here

5 I am sorry I have forgotten (do) _ what you said to me this morning

6 I will never forget (work) _ with you You have helped me a lot

7 I regret (go) _ out last night

8 I regret (inform) _ you that your application hasn’t been accepted

9 When I arrived, he was trying (start) _ his new car, there was something wrong with the machine He even tried (work) _ it downhill twice, but that didn’t work either

10 I didn’t mean (eat) _ anything but the cakes looked so good that I couldn’t resist trying one

BT 4 Chọn đáp án đúng

1 It’s possible _ a train across Canada

A take B to take C taking D taken

2 Before we leave, let’s have Shally _a map for us so we won’t get lost

A draw B to draw C drawing D drawn

3 I can hear a cat at the window

A scratches B to scratch C scratching D was scratching

4 I think your mother should let you _your own mind

A make up B to make up C making up D made up

5 They couldn’t help _ when they heard the little boy singing a love song

A laughing B to laugh C laugh D laughed

6 _ bread, you usually need flour, salt, and yeast

A Make B To make C Making D For make

7 I was delighted _ my old friends again

A to see B seeing C seen D to be seen

8 _to friends is nice but _alone is also enjoyable

A Talk/ to be B To talk/ be C Talk/ be D Talking/ being

9 I’d rather _to Elvis than the Beatles

A listen B to listen C listening D listened

10.The aim of the culture festival is _friendship between the two countries.

A promote B promoting C to promote D being promoted

11 It has become necessary _water in the metropolitan area because of the severe drought

A rationing B ration C to ration D to have rationed

12.All the passengers were made _ their seat belts during the turbulence

A buckle B to buckle C buckling D for buckling

13 _good ice cream, you need to use a lot of cream

A Make B Making C To make D For make

14 I got my good friend _ her car for the weekend

A to let me to borrow B to let me borrow C let me borrow D let me to borrow

15 Last night we saw a meteor _through the sky

A streaked B to streak C streak D to have streak

16 The skiers would rather _ through the mountains than go by bus

A to travel on train B traveled by train C travel by train D traveling by train

17 If we leave now for our trip, we can drive half the distance before we stop _lunch

A having B to have C having had D for having

18 Try _ so many mistakes

A not to make B not make C to make not D make not

19.You had better _ home and have a rest

A going B goes C to go D go

20 I hope to university next year

A to go B go C going D went

21 I expected to the party, but I was not

A to invite B inviting C to be invited D being invited

22 The manager insisted _me a position in the company

A for offering B on offering C in offer D on offer

23 They invited me _the weekend with them

A spends B spend C to spend D spending

24 He reminded me _the letter

A post B to post C posting D to posting

25 Mary apologized for _him earlier

A not phoning B not phone C not to phone D not to phoning

26 She advised him _harder

A to study B to studying C study D studying

27 My mother asked me _the window

A open B opening C to opening D to open

28 Susan insisted on _Mary to the beach

A drive B driving C to drive D to driving

29 Mary refused _ me any more money

A to lend B to lending C lend D lending

30 The teacher told his students all the homework before they to class

A do/ come B to do/ come C to do/ came D do/ came

Đáp án

Exercise 1

1 stay Would rather + V (bare): muốn làm gì hon.

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi muốn tối nay ở nhà hơn.

2 hoping Keep + V-ing: tiếp tục làm gì.

Dịch nghĩa: Họ tiếp tục hi vọng và cầu nguyện rằng mọi thứ sẽ tốt đẹp.

3 praying Avoid + V-ing: tránh làm gì.

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi không biết tại sao anh ấy lại tránh gặp tôi.

4 meeting Admit + V-ing/ Having + Vp2: thừa nhận làm gì/dã làm gì.

Dịch nghĩa: Thằng bé thừa nhận đã làm vỡ cái bình hoa cổ của tôi.

5 having Promise to V: hứa làm gì.

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi hứa không nói dối bạn nữa.

6 broken Stop + V-ing: dừng hẳn làm gì.

Stop + to V: dừng một việc này để làm một việc khác

Dịch nghĩa: Học sinh dừng nói chuyện khi giáo viên bước vào.

7 not to make Try + to V: cố gắng làm gì.

Try + V-ing: thử làm gì

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi sẽ cố gắng không mắc sai phạm lần nữa.

8 giving Mind + V-ing: ngại/phiền làm gì.

Dịch nghĩa: Bạn có phiền giúp tôi một tay không?

9 trying/ to

catch

Watch sb + V-ing: xem ai đó đang làm gì

Dịch nghĩa: Bạn đã bao giờ xem mọi người bắt cá chưa?

10 to pay Have St to + V: có cái gì đó để

Dịch nghĩa: Bạn có tiền trả cho cuốn sách chưa?

heard/not to

enter

After/ before + V-ing

Dịch nghĩa: Sau khi đã nghe điều kiện, tôi quyết định không tham gia cuộc thi

nữa

12 having/ to

get

Imagine + V-ing: tưởng tượng làm gì

Dịch nghĩa: Hãy tưởng tượng phải thức dậy lúc 4 giờ sáng mỗi ngày

13 rowing There + be + N + V-ing.

Dịch nghĩa: Có một vài người đang chèo thuyền trên sông

14 cutting/ Need + to infinitive (nghĩa chủ động).

+ V-ing (nghĩa bị động)

Had better + V(bare): tốt hơn hết nên làm gì

Would like (sb) + to V: muốn (ai) làm gì

Dịch nghĩa: Tóc của bạn cần được cắt Tốt hơn hết là ngày mai bạn đi cắt, nếu

như bạn không muốn tôi thử cắt nó

15 have/ to

have

Prefer doing st to doing st: thích làm gì hơn làm gì

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi thích xem ti vi hơn là đọc.

16 to tell Have something to do: có cái gì đó để làm Dịch nghĩa: Tôi có điều này muốn

nói với bạn

17 to find It takes sb time to do st: mất của ai đó bao nhiêu thời gian để làm gì.

Dịch nghĩa: Tôi mất ba ngày để tìm bức ảnh cũ đó.

18 reading/ to

read

Remember + V-ing: nhớ đã làm gì

Remember + to V: nhớ làm gì

S + V+ too + adj + (for sb) + to V (quá cho ai đó để làm gì)

Dịch nghĩa: Bạn có nhớ đã đọc về nó không? Không, lúc đó tôi còn quá nhỏ để

đọc

19 collecting/

to collect

Start to do/doing st: bắt đầu làm gì

Dịch nghĩa: Anh trai tôi là một nhà sưu tập tem Anh ấy đã bắt đầu sưu tập từ

khi 15 tuổi