Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15 Giai de cambridge ielts 15
READING
[1] The nutmeg tree, Myristica fragrans, is a large evergreen tree native to Southeast
Nutmeg and mace, two valuable spices, originate from a unique tree that was exclusively found in the Banda Sea islands of Indonesia until the late 18th century This tree features thick branches and dense dark green leaves, producing small yellow flowers and pale yellow fruits encased in a fleshy husk When ripe, the husk splits open to reveal a shiny purple-brown seed, measuring 2-3 cm long and about 2 cm wide, surrounded by a delicate red aril Nutmeg is derived from the dried seed, while mace comes from the aril, highlighting the tree's significance in the spice trade.
During the Middle Ages, nutmeg was a highly sought-after and expensive spice in European cuisine, valued for its flavoring, medicinal, and preservative properties The Arabs controlled the spice trade, selling nutmeg at high prices to Venetian merchants while keeping its source a secret This Arab-Venetian monopoly on nutmeg ended in 1512 when the Portuguese arrived in the Banda Islands and began to exploit its valuable resources.
Facing competition from Spain, the Portuguese subcontracted their spice distribution to Dutch traders, leading to significant profits for the Netherlands and the rapid expansion of the Dutch commercial fleet By controlling most spice shipping and trading in Northern Europe, the Dutch capitalized on the market until Portugal fell under Spanish rule in 1580, which restricted their access As spice prices surged across Europe, the Dutch resolved to reclaim their position in the market.
In 1602, Dutch merchants established the VOC, or Dutch East India Company, which by 1617 became the world's wealthiest commercial enterprise, employing 50,000 people and maintaining a private army of 30,000 alongside a fleet of 200 ships During this period, Europe was grappling with the devastating plague, prompting desperate doctors to believe that nutmeg could be the key to halting the disease's spread.
Nutmeg, highly sought after in Europe, was available for mere pennies in Indonesia but could fetch an astonishing 68,000 times its original price in London However, the limited supply presented a challenge, creating a lucrative opportunity for the Dutch traders.
The Banda Islands, previously ruled by local sultans with a neutral trading policy, fell under Dutch control in 1621, leading to strict regulations on nutmeg production The Dutch centralized nutmeg cultivation, destroying any trees outside designated areas and imposing severe penalties for unauthorized seedling growth or seed transport To prevent fertile seeds from leaving the islands, all exported nutmeg was coated in lime The only challenge to Dutch dominance was the British-controlled island of Run, which led to the Treaty of Breda in 1667, where the Dutch traded Run for the less valuable island of Manhattan This agreement solidified Dutch monopoly over the nutmeg trade for the next century.
In 1770, Frenchman Pierre Poivre successfully smuggled nutmeg plants to Mauritius, an island near Africa These plants were later exported to the Caribbean, where they flourished, particularly on the island of Grenada.
In 1778, a volcanic eruption in the Banda region triggered a tsunami that devastated half of the nutmeg groves The British seized control of the Banda Islands in 1809, only to return them to the Dutch in 1817 However, during their occupation, they transplanted hundreds of nutmeg seedlings to various plantations across southern Asia, effectively ending the Dutch monopoly on nutmeg.
[7] Today, nutmeg is grown in Indonesia, the Caribbean, India, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea and Sri Lanka, and world nutmeg production is estimated to average between 10,000 and 12,000 tonnes per year
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer
Write your answer in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet
*Gợi ý các bước làm dạng bài này:
Bước 1: Gạch chân keywords trong câu hỏi
Bước 2: Xác định loại từ của từ cần điền (Adj, V, N hoặc Adv)
Bước 3: Dựa vào keyword xác định thông tin trong đoạn văn
Bước 4: Phân tích từ vựng đồng nghĩa trong câu hỏi và đoạn văn để quyết định từ vựng còn thiếu trong đoạn văn
STT Câu hỏi Đáp án Giải thích
The leaves of the tree are…in shape
―The tree is thickly branched with dense foliage of tough, dark green oval leaves‖
Cây được phân nhánh dày với tán lá rậm rạp có hình bầu dục màu xanh đậm và cứng
The… surrounds the fruit and breaks open when the fruit is ripe
―The fruit is encased in a fleshy husk When the fruit is ripe, this husk splits into two halves along a ridge running the length of the fruit‖
- Từ breaks open tương đương splits into
- Từ surrounds tương đương is encased
The…is used to produce the spice nutmeg
―These are the sources of the two spices nutmeg and mace, the former being produced from the dried seed and the latter from the aril.‖
Đây là nguồn của hai loại gia vị hạt nhục
10 đậu khấu và chùy, hạt đầu được sản xuất từ hạt khô và sau là từ aril
- Từ former tương đương spices nutmeg
The covering known as the aril is used to produce…
―These are the sources of the two spices nutmeg and mace, the former being produced from the dried seed and the latter from the aril‖
- Từ latter tương đương aril
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading passage 1?
In boxes 5-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
*Gợi ý các bước làm dạng bài này:
Bước 1: Gạch chân keywords trong câu hỏi
Bước 2: Dựa vào keywords xác định vị trí thông tin trong đoạn văn bằng cách áp dụng kĩ thuật scanning
Bước 3: Phân tích từ vựng đồng nghĩa, trái nghĩa trong câu hỏi và đoạn văn để quyết định câu hỏi này là True, False, Not Given
STT Câu hỏi Đáp án Giải thích
In the Middle Ages, most Europeans knew where nutmeg was grown
- Keywords: ―Middle Ages‖, ―European‖, ―nutmeg‖,
―but they never revealed the exact location of the source of this extremely valuable commodity.‖
Trong đoạn văn nói rằng: họ không bao giờ tiết lộ vị trí chính xác của nguồn hàng hóa vô cùng quý giá này
Tuy nhiên, đề bài cho thấyvào thời trung cổ, hầu hết người châu Âu đều biết hạt nhục đậu khấu được trồng ở đâu‖ FALSE
- Cụm never revealed trái ngược với knew, the source of this extremely valuable commodity tương đương với nutmeg, location tương đương với where…was grown
The VOC was the world‘s first major trading company
―By 1617, the VOC was the richest commercial operation in the world‖
Đề cập đến vấn đề đến năm 1617, VOC là hoạt động thương mại giàu nhất thế giới
Tuy nhiên không đề cập VOC là giao dịch lớn đầu tiên trên thế giới NOT GIVEN
- Cụm commercial operation tương đương trading company
Following the Treaty of Breda, the Dutch had control of all the islands where nutmeg grew
- Keywords: ―Treaty of Breda‖, ―Dutch‖, ―control‖,
―the Dutch and British arrived at a compromise settlement, the Tready of Breda, in 1667 Intent on securing their hold over every nutmeg-producing island.‖
Vào năm 1667, Hà Lan và Anh đã ký kết Hiệp ước Breda nhằm đảm bảo quyền sở hữu của họ đối với các hòn đảo sản xuất hạt nhục đậu khấu.
- Từ hold over tương đương control
- Cụm từ every nutmeg-producing island tương đương island where nutmeg grew
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer
Write your answer in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet
STT Câu hỏi Đáp án Giải thích
Nutmeg was brought to Europe by the…
―Throughout this period, the Arabs were the exclusive importer‖
- Từ importer…to tương đương brought
Demand for nutmeg grew, as it was believed to be effective against the disease known as the…
During a devastating plague that claimed thousands of lives across Europe, desperate doctors sought a remedy to halt the spread of this highly contagious and lethal disease They turned their hopes to nutmeg, believing it could provide the cure needed to combat the epidemic.
Trong bối cảnh hàng ngàn người trên khắp châu Âu thiệt mạng vì bệnh dịch hạch, một căn bệnh nguy hiểm và dễ lây lan, các bác sĩ đã tìm kiếm giải pháp để ngăn chặn sự lây lan của nó Họ đã quyết định rằng hạt nhục đậu khấu có thể là phương thuốc chữa trị hiệu quả cho căn bệnh này.
- Từ be effective against tương đương held the cure
Put…on nutmeg to avoid it being cultivated outside the islands
- Keywords: ―avoid‖, ―cultivated outside the islands‖
―In addition, all exported nutmeg was covered with lime to make sure there was no chance a fertile seed which could be grown elsewhere would leave the islands.‖
Tất cả hạt nhục đậu khấu xuất khẩu đều được phủ vôi nhằm ngăn chặn khả năng hạt giống màu mỡ có thể phát triển ở nơi khác ngoài đảo.
- Cụm was coverd tương đương put on
- there was no chance tương đương avoid
- Be grown tương đương cultivated
Finally obtained the island of … from the British
―If the British would give them the island of
.Nếu người Anh sẽ cho họ hòn đảo Run
1770-nutmeg plants were secretly taken to …
―Then, in 1770, a Frenchman named Pierre Poivre successfully smuggled nutmeg plants to safety in Mauritius, an island off the coast of Africa‖
Sau đó, vào năm 1770, một người Pháp tên là Pierre Poivre đã buôn lậu thành công cây hạt nhục đậu khấu đến nơi an toàn ở
Mauritius, một hòn đảo ngoài khơi châu Phi
- Từ smuggled to tương đương taken to
1778- half the Banda islands‘ nutmeg plantations were destroyed by a
―Next, in 1778, a volcanic eruption in the Banda region caused a tsunami that wiped out half the nutmeg groves‖
Vào năm 1778, một vụ phun trào núi lửa ở vùng Banda đã gây ra cơn sóng thần, làm mất đi một nửa diện tích rừng hạt nhục đậu khấu.
- Nghĩa của wiped out tương đương với destroyed
The automotive industry has a long history of embracing automation in manufacturing, beginning with the introduction of robotic car production in the 1970s, which resulted in notable cost reductions and enhanced reliability in mass vehicle production Now, the sector faces a new challenge related to automation, shifting focus from manufacturing processes to the vehicles themselves.
Research on vehicle automation has a long history, with limited self-driving capabilities emerging over 50 years ago, significantly enhancing driver assistance systems However, since Google's 2010 announcement of trials for self-driving cars in California, advancements in this field have accelerated rapidly.
SPEAKING
What kinds of emails do you receive about your work or studies?
(Những loại email bạn nhận được về công việc hoặc học tập của bạn là gì ?)
I frequently receive assignments from my teacher through email, highlighting the crucial role email plays in our daily communication It serves as a vital tool for discussing and exchanging information about presentations or essays that I find challenging to manage.
- play an important role in: đóng 1 vai trò quan trọng trong…
- well-prepared (adj): chuẩn bị chu đáo
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
1 Do you prefer to email, phone or text your friends? [Why?]
(Bạn thích gửi mail, gọi điện thoại hay nhắn tin cho bạn của mình? Tại sao?)
I have become accustomed to using smartphone apps for communication, with texting my friends being my preferred method due to its convenience I expect the same level of communication from them, and when I send a message, I ensure it is clear and conveys the intended information accurately.
- been accustomed to + V-ing: quen với việc gì đó
- precise (adj): rõ ràng, chính xác
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
I can say for sure that…
2 Do you reply to emails and messages as soon as you receive them? [Why/Why not?]
(Bạn có hay hồi đáp lại email hoặc tin nhắn ngay khi bạn nhận được không? Tại sao có/Tại sao không?)
I recognize the significance of regularly checking my emails, so I make it a habit to review my messages at least once every weekday Responding to important emails is a priority for me, and I typically reply within 24 hours However, I may take longer to respond to less urgent messages.
- be aware of: nhận thức được việc gì đó…
- take longer : kéo dài thời gian hơn
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
3 Are you happy to receive emails that are advertising things? [Why/Why not?]
(Bạn có cảm thấy vui khi nhận email quảng cáo? Tại sao có/Tại sao không?)
I completely understand that advertising emails, including magazines, junk mail, and promotional offers, can be quite bothersome They often overshadow important messages in my inbox, requiring me to sift through them repeatedly Additionally, the frequent pop-up notifications throughout the day can be distracting, making it challenging to focus and enjoy uninterrupted time.
- pop up (v): tin nhắn nhảy trên màn hình
- distracting (adj): gây nhiễu, mất tập trung
- remove…from (v): giải thoát khỏi
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
How it is possible to…
Describe a hotel that you know
You should say: where this hotel is what this hotel looks like what facilities this hotel has and explain whether you think this is a nice hotel to stay in
I recently stayed at the acclaimed five-star Garden Palm Resort in Hoi An, a town celebrated for its ancient beauty and ranked among the world's top tourist destinations My family chose this hotel for its complimentary transportation and reasonable prices, making it ideal for relaxation The luxury room featured elegant dark wood details and a cozy seating area near the mini-bar, while the breathtaking view of stunning beaches and a high-standard swimming pool added to our sense of tranquility The exceptional willingness of the staff truly set this hotel apart from others I've experienced I wholeheartedly recommend Garden Palm Resort for anyone seeking a memorable getaway.
- spring to my mind: nảy ra trong đầu
- tourist destination (n) điểm du lịch
- surf the net: lướt internet
- lay my thought: chọn ngay cái gì đó
- complimentary transportation: phương tiện vận chuyển miễn phí
- outstanding = stunning (adj): tuyệt đẹp
- give me a sense of relaxation: đem lại cảm giác thư giản
- good willing: thiện chí -striking out: nổi bật
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
Các trạng từ: exceptionally, truly, certainly
1 What things are important when people are choosing a hotel?
(Yếu tố nào là quan trọng khi mọi người chọn khách sạn để ở?)
When selecting a hotel, price is often the primary consideration for many travelers, especially those on a budget People frequently compare the rates of various hotels to ensure they find the best deal that fits their financial constraints.
Many travelers are compelled to choose hotels with affordable rates, while others focus on the quality of their accommodations A quality hotel provides comfortable rooms and essential amenities, catering to various needs such as business or relaxation.
- take into account (v): xem xét
- simultaneously (adv): đồng thời cùng một lúc
- live on budget (v): sống tiết kiệm
- affordable price: giá cả có thể chi trả được
- meet some kinds of their demands: đáp ứng nhu cầu
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
There is a wide range of…
2 Why do some people not like staying in hotels?
(Vì sao nhiều người không thích ở trong khách sạn?)
Many travelers opt for alternatives to hotels due to higher costs, as hotels tend to be pricier than motels or homestays Additionally, hotels may not provide the best opportunity for immersing oneself in the local culture and traditions In contrast, choosing homestays allows travelers to genuinely explore and experience the cultural nuances of their destination.
- somewhat (adv): có phần, đến một mức nào đó
- essence (n): điều tinh tuý, thực chất, cốt lõi
35 the essence of the new land where they can watch local people celebrate festivals and perform traditional rituals
- ritual (n): lễ nghi, thủ tục
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
3 Do you think staying in a luxury hotel is a waste of money?
(Bạn có nghĩ việc ở khách sạn xa xỉ là tốn tiền không?)
The choice of accommodation largely depends on an individual's economic status For those with substantial wealth, staying in a luxury hotel can be a standard way to enhance their travel experience Conversely, mid-scale hotels offer essential amenities comparable to high-end options, making them a practical choice for budget-conscious travelers.
- economic status (n): tình trạng kinh tế
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
I think it depends a lot on…
1 Do you think hotel work is a good career for life?
(Bạn có nghĩ công việc ở khách sạn là một công việc tốt cho cuộc sống?)
Definitely, let me back up this idea with a few details
Working in hospitality industry does bring many benefits to people You can broaden your horizon by getting exposed to many people and many cultures
Apart from that, since being a people-oriented industry, you have many opportunities to improve
- hospitality industry: ngành công nghiệp khách sạn
- broaden your horizon: mở rộng tầm hiểu biết
- getting exposed to: tiếp xúc với
36 your interpersonal skills This facilitates you to build good relationships with anyone you like
- interpersonal skills: kĩ năng xã hội
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
Definitely, let me back up this idea with a few details
2 How does working in a big hotel compare with working in a small hotel?
(Làm việc trong một khách sạn lớn khác với làm việc trong một khách sạn nhỏ như thế nào?)
Working in a large corporation offers numerous advantages, including ample resources, a greater number of visitors, and a larger workforce, which translates to increased job opportunities for off-site training and career advancement However, for recent graduates, boutique establishments often provide a more welcoming environment for inexperienced staff, offering on-the-job training that makes them an ideal choice for new entrants to the workforce.
- grab … opportunities: nắm bắt cơ hội
- off-site training: đào tạo ngoài công việc
- job advancement: sự thăng tiến trong công việc
- new school leaver = new graduate: sinh viên mới tốt nghiệp
- boutique establishment: tổ chức nhỏ
- on-the-job training: khóa đào tạo trong thời gian thử việc
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
Honestly, everything has it own perk…
3 What skills are needed to be a successful hotel manager?
(Để trở thành một người quản lý khách sạn thành công thì cần có kỹ năng gì?)
An essential skill for a talented hotel manager is excellent communication, as they are responsible for resolving issues between employees and guests while keeping informed about procedural changes.
Effective communication skills are essential for meeting job demands in the hospitality industry Additionally, hotel managers must be strong leaders who actively listen, make decisive decisions to resolve issues, and uphold fairness in their management approach.
- responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm cho
- staying up-to-date on changes: cập nhật những thay đổi
- assign responsibilities: phân chia trách nhiệm
37 to assign responsibilities to staff members
Các từ/ cụm từ diễn đạt tự nhiên (redundant language)
It takes time to think about this question a little bit when it comes to…
WRITING
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task
The chart below shows the results of a survey about people's coffee and tea buying and drinking habits in five Australian cities
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant
The bar chart compares how Australians spent on coffee and tea in five cities, namely Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Hobart in the last four weeks
In five cities, tea and coffee shop patrons represented the largest share of drinkers, with the notable exception of Adelaide, where fresh coffee purchases were consistently the least favored option across all locations.
Melbourne and Hobart lead in café visits for coffee and tea, both at 64%, while Sydney follows closely with over 60% Brisbane records over 55%, and Adelaide trails at just under 50% Notably, Adelaide is unique in that instant coffee purchases slightly outnumber café visits by about 2% In terms of instant coffee consumption, Hobart ranks highest at 54%, followed by Brisbane at 52%, Melbourne at 48%, and Sydney at just above 45%.
Fresh coffee purchasing rates across cities remained under 45%, with Sydney leading at 44% and Melbourne close behind at 42% In contrast, Hobart, Adelaide, and Brisbane saw lower engagement, with fresh coffee purchases at 39%, 34%, and approximately 33.5%, respectively.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task
Write about the following topic:
In some countries, owning a home rather than renting one is very important for people Why might this be the case?
Do you think this is a positive or negative situation?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience
In many regions today, homeownership is often prioritized over renting, reflecting a significant trend While this preference brings certain concerns, I firmly believe that the benefits of owning a home far outweigh the drawbacks, making it a largely positive development.
The rising demand for home ownership is driven by three main factors Firstly, stability is a crucial aspect for families, allowing them to focus on their work and establish their lives, as long-term maintenance and care are often challenging in rental situations Secondly, owning a home provides the freedom to make personalized changes, fostering a cozy and familiar atmosphere that transforms a house into a true 'home' rather than a temporary rental Lastly, home ownership is a valuable investment, as it enables individuals to build assets; for example, a married couple can buy a triplex, live in one unit, and rent out the others to cover their mortgage, enhancing their financial stability.
Owning a house offers significant benefits that outweigh its drawbacks Although the initial financial burden can be challenging for those with modest incomes, it motivates homeowners to manage their finances more wisely This financial discipline often leads to prioritizing essential purchases over unnecessary expenses As a result, homeowners can achieve other material goals, such as buying cars or funding their children's education Additionally, real estate is a strong long-term investment, as home values typically appreciate over time.
In conclusion, the advantages of homeownership significantly surpass its disadvantages, as it offers stability, the freedom to engage in various activities, and the potential for future passive income, making it a worthwhile investment despite some drawbacks.
GIẢI ĐỀ CHI TIẾT CAMBRIDGE IELTS 15
Could urban engineers learn from dance?
The way we navigate cities significantly influences their sustainability, with transportation accounting for approximately 30% of energy consumption in developed nations To mitigate environmental impacts, it's crucial to reduce reliance on energy-intensive vehicles, especially as urban populations grow Sustainable travel methods not only affect our physical and mental well-being but also shape our social interactions and access to employment and culture While engineers are pivotal in reshaping urban mobility, they often cling to outdated assumptions that prioritize efficiency and speed over sustainability To foster healthier, more enjoyable, and environmentally friendly travel in urban areas, we must embrace radical changes in transportation design.
Dance may offer valuable insights for urban design, not by encouraging everyone to dance to work, but by utilizing choreographic techniques to inspire innovative city-making Richard Sennett, a prominent urbanist and sociologist, contends that urban design has been hindered by a disconnect between the mind and body since the advent of architectural blueprints.
Medieval builders relied on their deep understanding of materials and firsthand experience with site conditions to innovate and adapt their construction methods In contrast, contemporary building designs are often developed and stored using media technologies, which can distance designers from the physical and social contexts of their projects Although these modern design practices are crucial for addressing the technical complexities of today's urban environments, they risk oversimplifying the realities of the spaces they aim to create.
In his analysis of the Peachtree Center in Atlanta, Sennett highlights the shortcomings of the modernist urban planning approach of the 1970s The development aimed to create a pedestrian-friendly downtown through a grid of streets and towers, but it ultimately failed due to an overreliance on computer-aided design Sennett points out that the designers overlooked practical aspects, such as the need for protective awnings for street cafés in the heat and the uninviting nature of the large car park, which deterred people from leaving their vehicles This example illustrates how seemingly predictable designs can lead to unexpected outcomes when implemented in reality.
Transport engineering employs models to predict urban mobility, yet these models often reflect specific efficiency and safety perspectives while overlooking diverse user experiences For instance, guard rails designed for pedestrian safety on British roads prioritize traffic flow but can create psychological barriers that hinder mobility, particularly for those with limited mobility These barriers can also lead to dangerous crossings as pedestrians seek to navigate around them, ultimately dividing communities and reducing opportunities for healthy transport Consequently, there is a growing trend to remove such barriers, which brings about disruption, costs, and waste.
To achieve transformative changes in urban design, engineers must cultivate a deeper understanding of human movement and its impacts By integrating principles of choreography, which focuses on designing movement patterns within spatial constraints, engineers can enhance their approach Choreography, rooted in physical experimentation and immediate feedback, offers valuable insights into the psychological, aesthetic, and physical aspects of movement Embracing these insights could lead to more effective solutions for urban challenges.
[H] Observing the choreographer Wayne McGregor, cognitive scientist David Kirsh
Kirsh highlights the concept of "thinking with the body," suggesting that McGregor's use of physical simulation enables him to envision solutions beyond abstract reasoning While this embodied knowledge is crucial in various fields, it remains absent in formal engineering design processes To improve this, transport engineers are encouraged to improvise design solutions and leverage their personal experiences for immediate feedback, akin to choreographers testing full-scale models with dancers Ultimately, engineers should aim to design not only for functionality but also for emotional impact.
Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet
Bài tập này yêu cầu thí sinh tìm thông tin cụ thể trong đoạn văn, đòi hỏi hiểu ý nghĩa và xác định từ khóa cho từng câu hỏi Để làm được điều này, bạn cần tìm các cụm từ đồng nghĩa trong đoạn văn thay vì từ giống hệt Do đó, lời khuyên là nên thực hiện bài tập này sau cùng để tiết kiệm thời gian, vì bạn sẽ đã nắm rõ nội dung đoạn văn sau khi hoàn thành các dạng bài dễ hơn.
STT Câu hỏi Đáp án Giải thích
Reference to an appealing way of using dance that the writer is not proposing
While not everyone should literally dance to work, the creative techniques employed by choreographers in designing movement can inspire engineers to generate innovative ideas for urban development.
Nhảy múa không chỉ mang lại sức khỏe và hạnh phúc, mà còn cung cấp cho các kỹ sư những công cụ sáng tạo Các kỹ thuật mà các nhà biên đạo sử dụng để thiết kế chuyển động trong khiêu vũ có thể kích thích ý tưởng mới trong việc xây dựng thành phố.
- Từ suggest tương đương propose
- Từ choreographer (biên đạo múa) tương đương using dance
An example of a contrast between past and present approaches to building
Medieval builders relied on their deep understanding of materials and firsthand experience with site conditions to improvise and adapt their construction techniques In contrast, modern building designs are now developed and stored using advanced media technologies, leading to a different approach in the architectural process.
Các nhà xây dựng thời trung cổ đã linh hoạt điều chỉnh công trình dựa trên hiểu biết sâu sắc về vật liệu và kinh nghiệm thực tiễn tại từng vị trí Ngược lại, thiết kế tòa nhà ngày nay chủ yếu được hình thành và lưu trữ thông qua công nghệ truyền thông hiện đại.
- Cụm từ whereas… tương đương contrast, medieval builders tương đương past, now tương đương present, construction tương đương building
Mention of an objective of both dance and engineering
―Choreography may not seem an obvious choice for tackling this problem Yet it shares with engineering the aim of designing patterns of movement within limitation space.‖
Vũ đạo, mặc dù không phải là lựa chọn rõ ràng để giải quyết vấn đề, lại chia sẻ mục đích với kỹ thuật trong việc thiết kế các mô hình chuyển động trong không gian hạn chế.
- Từ aim tương đương object It tương đương dance
Reference to an unforeseen problem arising from ignoring
- Keywords: ―unforeseen problem‖, ―ignoring‖, climate‖
―They failed to take into account that purpose-built street-cafes could not operate in the hot sun …has unexpected results when translated into reality.‖
Các quán cà phê đường phố được xây dựng với mục đích hoạt động dưới ánh mặt trời, nhưng thực tế cho thấy điều này không khả thi.
- Cụm từ failed to take into account= ignoring Unexpected results = unforeseen problem
Why some measures intended to help people are being reversed
While these models are essential, they are rooted in particular worldviews that prioritize certain efficiencies and safety measures, often overlooking other urban experiences Consequently, designs that may seem logical in theory can feel counterintuitive to users in real-life scenarios.