Ready for ielts workbook

Тop 10 Soсiаl Netwоrks аggregаted* Jаn 04 Jan 05 ]аn 06 ]un 06 Now сomplеtе thе modеl answеr by сhoosing an appropriatе form of the vеrb in braсkеts.. 1 to form something in a partiсu|a

WlтH AUDlo CDs b'.*,q

28 з6

44

52 60 68 76 84 92

100 108

116 125

1,29

Voсabulary 1

Wordlist on рagе 217 of thе сoursеЬook.

Desсribing people

to сomplеtе thе grid Whеn you havе finishеd' you r,vill find that 1] dorvn spеlls out anothеr adjесtivе to dеsсriЬе a pеrson.

1 Someone who likes eХciting aсtivities

2 Someone who сan make sensible deсisions and give good adviсe beсause

of their experienсe and knowledge

3 Someone who puts a lot of effort into theirWOTK

4 Someone who enjoys physiсaIaсtivity

5 Someone who likes making thrngs or

inventing new ideas

6 Someone who does not |ose сontroI of

their emotions easily

7 Someone who finds it diffiсu|t to be ouiel

I Someone who has a Iot of ideas and

9 Someone who others сan depend on

'10 Someone who stands by their friends

11 Someone who prefers to be with otherpeople than alone

Hеrе is what thrее studеnts said about pеoplе thеy admirе Сomplеtе thе sеntеnсеs with

a suitablе adjесtivе from thе boх Ьеlow Thеrе arе two that vou rr.il] not usе

сhatty advеnturous сrеativе сaring talеntеd

supportivе hard-working punсtual

a 'l really admire artrsts of all kinds As well as being 1 and artistiс, they are

often very 2 but don't neсessari|y get reсognition for their work.'

b ,I have a Iot of respeсt for nurses They often need to work Iong shifts, so they have to

be3 However, as they |ook after the most vulnerable peopIe in soсiety,

they should also have a 4 nature.'

l want to do Еven though she worries about me when I go off trave||ing to new plaсes,

4

Thе rеading passagе has sеvеn sесtions, A_G.

Сhoosе thе сorrесt hеading for еaсh sесtion fгom thе list of hеadings bеlow

i

iiiii iv v vi vii viii ix x

List of Headings

Why сhi|dren do not a|ways trust pets

The physiсa| and soсial benefits of having pets

Choosing the right pet

A statistiсa| analysis of hea|th benefits

Different types of pet-owner relationships

*- ::.iaлs havе bееn kееping pеts fоr almost as long as wе havе bееn liЙng in

: lsеs Еvеn in thе Grееk lеgеnd of odyssеus' his dog Argus gеts a mеntion _

- .-:sing сats to сatсh miсе foг ехamplе But thе advantages of kееping a pet go

:.::^.:tjсial еffeсt on your hеa.lth, but animals сan also havе a positivе impaсt on

: .'395 thе Australian National Peoplе and Pеts survеy disсovеrеd that pеt

' ].егs r.isitеd thеir doсtors lеss oftеn than thеir pеt-lеss fгiеnds, and wеrе at

: h impгovеs thеir ovеrall fitnеss lеvels But thе survеy also unсoverеd thе

- ггеatе a fгiеndly atmosphеге.'

::pеnds what kind of rеlationship you want tо havе w.it}r your pеt' Thе first is thе .human'фpе of relationship. s is ц.hеn pеts providе сompaniоnship and a supportive rolе Dogs or сats would fа]l into this сatеgory Тhе

this you bеnеfit1:

We arе all friеnds noW

::: p"1 i:il:.:_".Tfits of pеts havе bесomе so w.idely aссeptеd that many animals afe now usеd in hospitals as

:-.]:g i1T:* :1 ч'T'"smakе wееklyvisits to nеarly 5.OOO hospitаl waтds гesiJеntia] сaте homеs or "

:::::i:Т ::Y:]".: bid to boost patiеnts'w.еll-bеing Thе animals may bе usеd to hеIp slтoke viсtims геgain

l:::i:"-"1,"-1fo1thе геsidеnts Manу of thеm may havе givеn up rьЪrr own pets bеfоrе going into h"*.;

"o .ь.

::::':*:.*:y::nчth pеoplе suf|епnчГromdеpгеssion .Thеy сan somеtimes get thгough the baггiеrs

:T's^".l'1ч::ч put:p' whегe humans havе tailеd in thе past says Maurееn PaT is сuггеntly working w.ith а

very enсоuraging' .Wе are еnabling thеsе сhildrеn to rejoin the сommunity,; says Мaurееn Тhey сan ,,o- -Jt o

SеeSaw, a bеrеavеrnеnt сhагity set up еspeсially foг сhildrеn, also usеs animals to build еmotional bгidgеs KathyМоoге, a сounsеllor and рrojесt со-oгdinatoг for Мaсmillan Canсеr Rеliеf, takеs hеr doд оo.сй*il;;*;;"

shе mееts сhildrеn who har'e a paгеnt or sibling who is dying fгom a tегminal illnеss MЪst сhildrе; ;.;;;.й

tо opеn up to a strangег, Llut Kathy says Do-Good hеlps thеm lеarn to tгust heг .}Iе сan pгovid.e suсh a goo***,

- hе,s gоt suсh a gгeat peтsonа1iф аrrd we аJl go on rvalks togеther.'

you havе, as lоng as it fits iлto youг lifеstvlе .If vou hatе long rr.a-lks but har,е bounсy' dogs that neеd walkиg,

"o boй yo.,

Сompletе thе sеntеnсеs bеloц

7 Wa|king a dog genera|ly inсreases people's

f1.om rhе paSsagе Ioт.сJ.h ans\Vеt:

8 Some owners find that their pets provide botn and support

NoT GIVЕN if thеrе no information on this

13 Chi|dren's fear of anima|s is being suссessfu||y overcome in one PaТ programme

9

10

if thе statеmеnt agrееs with thе infornation

if thе statеmеnt сontгadiсts thе infoгmatiorr

6

Sсan thе reading passagе quiсkly and find words in thе tеxt that mеan:

3 unusuaI, often from a distant p|aсe (Seсtion C)

4 re|ated to where peop|e |ive or stay (Seсtion D)

F)

(adi)

Yтe аrе аll frlеnos nor.^., G

(adi)(adi)

(adi)

Lаnguage foсus .l

G} Grammar rеfеrеnсе on pagе 2\9 ofthе сoursеbook.

Present simple, present сontinuous and past simple

Look at thе еxtraсts fгom thе теading passagе and undеrlinе thе main vеrb Мatсh thе

main vегЬ to its usagе Гrom thе list a-d Ьеlorv

2 PaT is сurrently working with a psyсhologist

Сomplеtе thе postings lеft Ьу pеoplе looking for fтiеnds on thе Intеrnеt by transformingthе vеrb in bгaсkеts into thе сorтесt tеnsе You should also support thе rеason for your сhoiсе Ьy sеlесting from thе list a-d in еxеrсisе 1 Thе first onе has Ьееn donе for you as

an ехamnlе.

1 |tt' t аr'rLvеd (аrrive)[c] in Sydnеy last week so | 2

-

(|ook)[ ] forothеr young ovеrseas students Who 3

(not usе)[ ]the |nternet muсh during the daУ but I 10 (|ikе)[ ]to

go on|ine in thе evenings l 11 (have)[ ] геa| рroblems growing

аlbums and thеn 19 (сhаt)[ ] аbout it aftеr Wе 20

(9on his |unсh break.

B on his tea break

Сomplеtе thе form Ьеlow

Writе No MoRЕ THAN TI{RЕЕ WoRDs AND/OR A NIUMBЕR Гor еaсh alrswеr

Name(s)

Addгess

D.O.B

We arе alI friends noW

Language foсus 2

@ Grammar геfеrеnсe on pagе 2I9 ofthе сoursеЬook.

Likes and dislikеs

Ьraсkets Thеrе may bе morе than onе possiЬlе answer

like + oЬjeсt +

infinitivе with /o

likе

hаtеlovе

vеrb + -ing rаthеr thап -ing

OR

vеrb + infinitivе

with /o + rаthеr thаn + infinitivе

loudly on their mobiles on the bus (talk)

living abroad for a year (try)

to the gym (go)

Тhomas enjoys the сentre of attention (be)

Young сhiIdren Iike aduIts with them (play)

Praсtisе eхprеssing your likеs and dislikеs by using thе prompts bеlow You maу nееd to

We are аll friends noW

Voсabulary 2Wordlist on page 21 1 of thе сourseЬook.

Verbs of movement

Сopy thе vеrb forms in thе boх bеlow into thе сorrесt сolumn in

\* r\f\nt

rLsс

45

Undеrline al] thе vеrbs that dеsсгibе an еxtгеmе Thеsе сannot bе сombinеd with

advеrbs

Copy thе advеrbs in thе Ьox bеlow into onе of thе two сolumns in the tablе сlassifуing

thе speеd of сhangе

gradually quiсkly

steadilу drastiсa]lv slightly slowly swiftly rapidly slowly radiсallyЬut surеly

A small change over a longer period A fast сhange over a shorter period

qrndиаllи

Мatсh thе advегbs in ехerсisе 3 to thе rеlevant сolumn in ехеrсisе 1.

Rеwritе thesе sеntеnсеs сontaining noun phгases so that thеr.соntain l.егb + advеrb сomЬinations.

Ехample:

There was a significant rise in the use of social nёtwcrк.-g s:эs in 2О05

Иsngе оfsoc[nl nеtwоrking sitrs rоs! s',;.: ' -:, , .' : :5

the Internet

hit a pеak rеaсh a pеak drop rеaсh a high

bе еrratiс rеaсh thе ]owest point roсkеt

dесгеasе

10

You should spеnd about 20 minutеs on this task.

Thе graph bе|ow shows the popu|aritу of soсia| nеtworking sitеs сompared to two

lnternеt searсh еngines in the USA from Januarу 2ОО4 tр June 20О6'Summarisе the information bу selесting and reporting the main features, and make

сom pa ri so ns wh e re rel еva nt

Writе at lеast 150 words.

Тop 10 Soсiаl Netwоrks (аggregаted*)

Jаn 04 Jan 05 ]аn 06 ]un 06

Now сomplеtе thе modеl answеr by сhoosing an appropriatе form of the vеrb in braсkеts.

(ilIustrаte) how oftеn soсiаI nеtworking sitеs Wеге aссessеd tn сomparison to

120

't 00

thе sеаrсh еngines Yаhoo and Goog|e ovеr two аnd a hаlf yеаrs еnding in June 2006'

visits to thе |аttеr 3 (grow) аt а fаster pасе In .lаnuаry 2004, Yаhoo 4

far thе most popuIar site with ovеr ,l00 mi||ion visitors Howevе1 аlthough this figure graduа||y

(risе) to а|most ,120 milIion by Junе 2006, this 6 (bе) not а signifiсаnt

inсrеasе Sесondly, Goog|е 7 (rесеivе) аbout haIf the numbеr of visitors сomDared to Yahoo

in2ОО4, around 60 milIion lts popuIarity 8 (grow) more rаpidly, so thаt by June 2006 it

almost 9 (hаve) the same number of visitors аs Yahoo had two аnd а hаIf r/еаrs eаr|iеr,

аn inсrеаsе of nеаrly doublе Lаst|y, soсiаl nеtworking sitеs l0 (reсеivе) the lеast visitors

(soar) from аround 40 to over 80 mi|Iion by thе еnd of thе pеriod of study

(inсrеаsе),

(bе)by

12

Voсabulary 1

Wordlist on pagе 212 of the сoursеbook.

Verbs of сause and effeсt

Complеtе the сrosswoгd with a vеrЬ from thе сouгsеЬook that mеans thе samе as 1_8

lrDеloW

1 to form something in a partiсu|ar way 3 make someone interested in somethino

4 to he|p something deve|op over time 7 to suссeed ln vour aim

Сomplеtе thе sentеnсes using thе noun form of thе vеrb in bгaсkеts

(attraсt)

Тhe

-

(promote) of new inventrons in the media is the best way of |etting

peopIe know of their existenсe

4

5

It is important to try and timit the

B draw sea maps.

c isai| |ong distanсes'

The bui|ding сonstruсted by the first Еuropeans at the observatory was

The fami|y ticket aIlows entranсe to

A four adults only

CЙwo adu|ts and two сhildren

Questions 16-20

Choosе FIVЕ answеrs fтom thе Ьox and writе thе сorrесt lеttеЦ A-F, nехt to quеstions t6-20.

12

13

14

15

Тeсhnology-noW and then

Reading You should spеnd aЬout 20 minutеs on Questions 1;13, whiсh arе Ьasеd on thе rеadiг

passagе bеlow

Rotyl man,s first stеps tо thе yеar ,0,

Was a pеriоd likе nо оthеr in thе histоry

оf invеntion Nеvеr again wouId mаn,s

survivai bе so dеpеndеnt on his ability tо

invеnt Ways to solvе fundamеntal p.oblе-'.

And nеvеr again wоuld man,s tесhnolоgiсаl

сrеativity bе thе most signiiiсant faсtоr in his

еvоlution and thе еstabtishing оf сivilizаtiоn.

By thе timе пodеrn man (hоmo saDiеIts

or,mаn -thе-wisе' ) аppеаrеd, рrobJbly

sоmеwhеrе in Afriсa bеtwееn l00,000 and

25О,000 yеars ago, his forеfathеrs, thе еarly

hominids, had alrеady invеntеd stоnе tоolJ.

It is possiblе thаt thеy had also manufaсturеd

сrudе сanoеs and shеltеrs Hоwеvеr, it would

takе many morе yеals and a suссеssion of vital

invеntions fоr man to еvolvе from a primitivе,

nomadiс huntеr-gаthеrеr to thе highiy

tесhnolоgiсally litеratе сitizеn of thе timе of

Wе likе to think that wе aIе сuшеntlу living

thrоugh a pеriod whеn tесhnology has an

unparallеlеd hold on soсiеty, but it is nоthins

соmparеd with that of thе anсiеnt world,

most powеrful fоrсеs shaping сivilization.

was thе оnе faсtоr that madе all thе othеr

сhangеs _ soсial, pоlitiсal and сultural

-possiblе Without thе invеntiоns оf ink аnd

papyrus, many of man,s idеas wоuld nоt havе

sprеad as fast nor as widеly Without wеapons

and, latеr, thе whееl, armiеs wоuld nоt hivе

соnquеrеd nеw tеrritoriеs as quiсkly.

Thе singlе largеst stеp in еarly man,s soсial

еvоlution сamе around 10,000 yеars ago

with thе invеntion of animal husbandry and

agriсulturе This еnablеd him to progrеis from

living in nоmadiс сommunitiеs to Sеttling in

villagеs and smalltowns Thе progrеss Was

brоught abоut by a сombination оf сlimatiс

сhangе and man,s invеntion of morе еffiсiеnt

hunting tools, оf a mеans оf сontrolling and

utilising firе tо сlеar undеrglowth and оf ways

оf building lasting shеltеrs It lеd to a massivе

grоwth in pоpulatiоn, whiсh in turn triggеrеd

а furthеr rapid inсrеasе in tесhnologiсаl

innovаtiоn.

Мost of this сhangе toоk plaсе in thе еastеrn

аnnuаI flооding of fеrtilе soils favоurеd

thе dеvеlopmеnt of agriсulturе and latеr of

сitiеs suсh as Babylоn' By arоund 6500 BсЕ, Jеriсho is bеliеvеd to havе bееn thе largеsr сitу in thе wоrld, with Ь populatiоn ot1,эoa.

Fоur thousand yеars latет, thЬ urban rеvоlution had brought about a momеntous сultural transitiоn that in turn gеnеratеd nеw nееds Thеsе Wеrе mеt by a quantum

lеар in tесhnolоgiсal innоvatiЬn and thе еstab1ishmеnt of сraftsmеn and sсiеntists.

For thе first timе, manufaсturing bесarnе еstablishеd as man invеntеd ways of

making tехtilеs, firing сеramiсs, prоduсing mеtalwork and рrосеssing fоodstuffs This prоmptеd bartеr Пеthods tо еvolvе into

morе sоphistiсatеd trаding arrangеmеnts,

сulпrinating in thе inl'еniion of tokеns or еаrly monеr.

With thеsе tесhnolоgiса1 сhаngеs сamе a

соrrеspоnding inсrеаsе in thе сomplехity

оf thе sосial and politrсal оrganization оf human grouрs, lr'hiсh in turn nесеssitatеd thе invеntion of rr,rittеn languagе, first to kееp traсk of trаding аrrangеmеnts, thеn to

philosоphiеs and, of ссlursе, invеntions'

Thе history of inr еllтirln is ]ittеrеd with invеntions that hаd littlе or nо purposе and

nеvеr сaught on, but this rvas still a pеriod

оf invеntiоn for nесеssrt1.,s sakе It wоuld

bе somе timе bеforе аn inr.еntion wоuld bе grееtеd with quеstions as to its rоlе * and еvеn lоngеr until }4iсhае1 Faraday wоuld rеtort, ,What usе is a bаbr'?, rr'hеn askеd what usе his

It was also a реriоd ll'hеn sсiеnсе and tесhnology,s sуmbiotiс rеiationshiр Was

rеvеrsеd Tесhnolоgr', no\v оftеn thе

appliсation of sсiеnti{iс disсovеry and

оbsеrvation, рrеdatеd sсiеnсе and in this pетiоd was еmрiriсаl and hаndеd dоwn through thе gеnеrations B1.thе timе thе сitу

BСЕ, sсiеntist-invепtors bеgan to еmеrgе.

Figurеs suсh as Hеrо, Strato, Сtеsibius and

оf thе physiсal аnd natural world to dеvisе

a man оf thе саlibrе that thе world wоuld not

sее again until Sir Isaaс Nеwton in thе 17th сеntury Thе invеntor hаd truly arrivеd.

!

:

I I

Ч Ц

14

Teсhnology_noW and then

if thе statement agreеs with thе information

NoT GIVЕN if thеre is no infoгmation on this

1 MЬn Was more сreative when сivi|izations were grow|ng'

3 Тeсhno|ogy nowadays does not drive our soсiety as muсh as it did in anсient сivilizations

5 The сu|tivation of сrops and the rearing of animaIs was by far the biggest aсhievement of

6 An inсrease in popu|ation Ied to more advances in the teсhno|ogy of ear|y man

7 Jeriсho was the wor|d's first |arge сity

Questions 8-t 2

Classifу thе following еvеnts aссording to whеthеr thе rеader statеs that they oссurтеd during

A thе earlу еvolution of nomadiс man

B thе earlу urban pеriod

C thе pеriod of thе urban rеvolution

11 The abiIity to оonstruсt stronger bui|dings

Question 13

Choosе thе сorrесt lеttеr A, B, C or D.

Тeсhnology-noW and thеn

Language foсus 1

G} Grammar rеfеrеnсе on pagе 220 ottheсoursеЬook.

Past simple and present perfeсt

Transform thе vеrЬ in Ьraсkеts into thе сorrесt form of past simplе or рrеSеnt pеrfесt Put it into thе aсtivе or рassivе form.

1 Armies (not be ab|e) to travel long distanсes before the invention of the

wheel

4 Sсience (teaсh) in sсhools now for many years

6 Man (think) that the Еarth was f|at in ear|y Mesopotamian times

(help) to end many preventable deaths

(have) a massive impaсt on our lives

2 Look at thе following teхt about how a familyЪ lifе has сhangеd sinсе thеy bought a

сomputеr Find and сorТесt thе mistakеs Thе first has bееn donе fo уou Thе.Ъ u." ,".,

moге

I

who lives in Vietnom ot leost oncе aweеkf or the post yeoг; it,s on oppointment r don,t miss lytywife didn.t used it os muсh os r hove, olthough she wos hod some сlosses lowеvеr,our сhildren hod

rеcеived the most Ьеnеfit from being сble to Цse thе Internet foг their homewoгk Thеу arеgеtiing

invent the сomputeг ond when I,m sure r hсven,t |eorned suсh things when I hаvеЬееnot sсhoo|! Bythe woy, it wos o swiss mon сolled Konrod Zusе,though it wosn,t unti| 1941 thсt it hos beсome fu|ly funсtiono| ond reody for progromming Who wou|d hove guеssеd? Not me, thot's for suгe!

8 Teоhno|ogy and invention

1

234

1 Rеad thе sеntеnсеs bеlow and undеrlinе thе most suitaЬlе option.

@ Grammar rеfеrеnсе on pagе 220 ofthе соursеbook.

1 Rеad thе sеntеnсеs bеlow about how a pеrson spеnt thеiг Summеrs Dесidе whiсh of thеm сan usewould instеad of usеd ro by adding a tiсk |,/1if itis possible and a сross if

not [X].

Adverbs of frequenсy

2 Rеwritе thе sеntеnсеs aЬout a pеrsonЪ timе at sсhool so that thе mеaning stays the samе

l never missed mу favouriteTV programme (atwaуslwatch)

t аLwаgs цsеd tо 'ltаtch,1wаtchеd vv.и f л'vоzrLtе тv РragrаVwмLе

l hated sсienсe с|asses (hard|y ever/enjoy)

ldid my homework (always/do)

lfrequently had my lunch outdoors (often/eat)

1

2

3

4

Teсhnology-now and then Е

2 Сomplеtе thе sеntеnсеs bеlow using an appropriatе adjесtive from еxerсisе 1 Thеre

may Ье morе than onе possiblе answеr.

Еailу man used basic tools to catch d.аwqеrоv,.s animals

It's diffiсult to imagine why some inventions Were ever сreated'

our health

By far the most invention of the 19th сentury was eIeсtriсity

peop|e someti mes aсh ieve extraordinary thi n gs

Critiсisms оan be very if they are listened to

It rs important for lessons to be so that сhiIdren want to learn more

Language foсus 2

Teсhnology-now and then

Whi|e most people see the benefits of 1 ' ' in mobi|e сommuniсation,

Iisten to other people's сonversations whi|e travel|ing on public transport However,

4 ' at all times of day and night rn spite of this, their widespread

5 ' ' ' and fa||ing сost means that not only are they 6 ' '' , Dut

inсreasing|ytheyareseen as a7 .' item.Тhe8 ' of mobi|e

the time and energy of putting in letters individual|y In addition, a new reduсed form

of teхt 10 ' ' has led to the сreation of word forms suсh as .l8r'for,|ater,

and,BТW'for,by the waylWhateveryour opinion, the mobile 11 .' , looks

Voсabulary 2Changе thе u,ords in thе list to thе сorгесt form to fill thе gaрs An еxamplе has Ьееn

t

Writing

.l Rеad thе following Task

2 quеstion and undеrlinе thе kеr rt'oгds and phrasеs

You should spеnd about 40 minutеs on this task

Wгitе about thе followins toоiс:

А'dvanсеs in tесhno|ogу havе meant that maсhinеs аrl i.Сr:;s .LQ ;t ц5gj to do jobsthat wеrе prеvious|у donе bу humans Thе bеnеf its f ar с - ',' э ЭI :nе disadvantaqеs

To what ехtеnt do уou agrее or disagrее?

Givе геasons for your answеr andkn.owlеdgе oг ехpегiеnсе

Writе at lеast 250 words.

Dесidе if еaсh оf thе following argumеnts aге an aсh antag t _ ) oг a disadvantagе (-)

obesity

inventing and design, to manufaсturing andsales

EхampIes

other things

18

Weare living in an cge of fost-poсed development Тhonks to teсhnologiсol

odvonсements, new inventions оге сonstant|y bein9 pгoduсed thоt огe suрposed to

сost-еff еctive' rn spite of this, r сompletely agrееthat there oremorеodvontoges thon disodvontсges.

Тhe moin orgument ogoinst using moсhines is thot they toke owсy jobs fгom humons'

peap|е are rеquirеd оs the produсtion line bесomes more meсhonised Businesses

t ake thеsе meosuгes Ь еcausе u |t i mately maс h i nes sove сomponiеs money In

oddition, not on|y do inсreosed teсhnology ond mесhanizotion rеp|acеjobs in the woгkploсe but o|so in ouг doi|y lives For instonсe, in the Post We would visit our

neighbours and fгiends ,whеrеas nowсdoys pеop|e еithеrjump in their сoг or simp|y

piсk up the phone Аs o result, we hove bеcome less oсtive and prob|ems |inkеd to this, suсh as obesity, ore on the inсrеose.

fгom household сhores thonks to inventions Iike woshin9 moсhines, voсuum сIеoners

ond dishwosheгs Тhis meons we shou|d hovе moгe time avoilob|e f or lеisurе

oсtivities ond seeing friends ond fomily gorеovеr, teсhnology does not on|y toke jobs owoy frompеop|ebut the who|еprocеss from dеsignto pгoduсtion and so|es

oсtuolly crеotеsjobs rn oгder to do these jobs, people need troining whiсh leods tomoгe jobs in eduсotion ond people having moгe high|y spеcia|ized сaГeers.

potentio| to reqсh new heights thot would not hove pгeviously been possib|е.Wе

rесеiveo higher |еvе| of speсiolizotion in the workploсe whilst not letting ourse|ves

гisht wav to answеr an еSSaY quеstion.

Voсabulary 1

Woгdlist on pagе 2\3 of thе соursеbook.

Sport

1 Rеarrange thе lеttеrs to сomplеtе thе сolloсations геГt.ll :

pеrson who doеs this sport is сallеd An ехamрlе has Ьс.: .i

The woter sproying in mу foсe from mу skis

doеsnt bother me ot oll: п odds to the

5rlу.'ъсr lз оitеw

азsоcLаiеа' ','L|a ihе rLcл аз Lt,s е'хуеtl"эLvе,

V)'L| thеYе аrе v|a'zЗ QrОJ.V"d tkаi LLkzе hе|лLwg aшt.

llt'Iu:l' -: ::- :] :i'' lГUth,It'S a]l about

rlist.iуili:.-г ' :-' ,,:i' ' i] al](l balanСo Thеrе

6

l t+,а'c iltt:аzе,/ l,+,hеи / frst

tikе thry hаd spr|и1s t|и thеtr feеt, so / dесilеl to /re tt а

3о, /,tи иоt аs jool аs thе асtors аиl асtrеsses уot,t sеe |и

20

Thrill seekers Word building

Adjeсtives ending -ing / ed

1 For sеntеnсes 1-8 Ьеlow, сhangе thе vеrb to an adjeсtivе so that thе mеaning staуs thе

Samе Bеgin your sеntеnсеs with I find + -ing or I gеt/сLm + -еd aссording to thе

word in braсkеts.

Eхample:

2 Travel|ing exсites me (find)

6 Peop|e doing martiaI arts fasсinates me (be)

Changе thе word in braсkеts to thе appropriatе form (noun, vеrb or adjесtivе)

me to push myself to try new things

3 Peop|e of a|| ages get ' (eхсiting) about the idea of the o|ympiсs

4 | was (thrill) to hear my friend is going to trek to Everest Base Camp nextyеar!

1 Bеforе you listеn to thе rесording, listеn to thе instrrrсtions and answеr thеsе quеstions:

2 Will the сontext be aсademiс or non-academiс?

2 €} 1.3 Listеn and paу attеntion to the information givеn at thе bеginning of the

rесoгding about who you arе listеning to and what thеy arе talking about This will

Thrill seekеrs

sЕсТlON 3 Quest]ons 21-30 Questions 21-22

Сomplеtе thе notеs bеlow.

Wгitе No ]\{oRЕ THAN oNЕ WORD for еaсh ans\\Iеr

Мotivation for participating in extreme sports

Complеtе thе tablе bеlow

Writе No МoRЕ TI{AN TIIRЕЕ WoRDs AND/OR A NUМBЕR for еaсh answеr

i

i

Sources for essay

22

noun adjeсtive сomparative superlative

G Grammar rеfеrеnсе on pagе 220 of theсoursеbook.

Comparison

- 1 Сomplеtе thе gaps in thе tablе using thе appгopriatе form of thе word shown.

2 Сorгесt thе mistakеs in the following sentеnсеs

3 Skydiving is thri||ing than sсuba diving

4 Hot air ballooning is the safe sport in the air

10 To be able to hold their breath for several minutes, free divers

3 Foгm SеntеnсеS from thе prompts using сomparativе nouns withшore,/ess (for

unсountablе nouns) orfеwеr (for сountaЬlе nouns).

Ехample:

peopIe/have/diff iсu|ty with extreme sports

divers/have/fearldrowni n g/people th ink

boxers/feel/pai n/most people

сhi Idren/|earn/su rflease/adu Its

bal I et/req u i relstre n gth/m any peop I e realize

his уеаr,s Summrr gаrnеs rпаrk thе first

timе biqlс|е motoсross wilt bе |lеld аs ап

ОIуmpiс еvеnt

By Lou Dziеrzak

thе spоrt from its humblе dirt traсk оrigins in

orangе Сounty, Саlifornia, all thе way to thе

B BA4Х raсing is diffеrеnt froпr оthеr olympiс

low ttl thе ground, and thе raсеrs must wеar

muсh thе rvaу snowbоarding did rvhеn it

olympiсs, aссording to Bob Теdеsсо, managing

Hilliard, ohiо.

С Тhе Spolt.s long road to Bеijing bеgan in |974

whеn Gеоrgе Еssеr fоundеd thе Nationа]

Biсyсlе Lеaguе as а nonprоfit biсyсlе пlotoсIoss

сhampiоnships wеrе hеld in thе еarly l980s,

olympiс Сommittее (IoС) dесidеd that BМx

would ,BМХ bесamе aп bе an offiсial olympiс sport in thе 2008 Gamеs.sport primarily

Wisсоnsin.

D Unlikе thе olympiс road and mоuntain bikе

rасеs, whiсh takе plaсе ovеr dozеns of milеs and

lаst sеvеrаl hours, a BМХ raсе is a sprint' Nоt a

usеd for thе traсk сyсling соmpеtitiоn, but a

mad dash aсross a сoursе thаt is about 1, i48 fееt

(350 mеtеrs)long and 32Ieet (l0 mеtеrs)widе,

with thrее-hairpin turns and four jump.fillеd

straight-aways

E A BN,tХ rасеr bеgitls with a standing start and

aссеlеratеs thror:gh thе finish linе Ridеrs сЦ+rgg

says Robеrt I(ahlеr, sеnior produсt manаgеr {оr

raсе Ridеrs usе оnly a rеar-whееt brakе that isusеd mostly to avoid гidеrs whо havе сrashеd оn

Systеm that slows both whееls

having thе most ridеrs (28 milliоn bikеs sоld in

olymрiсs first BМХ gold mеdal Thе сountry,

whiсh has had a nаtiona] BМХ tеаm sinсе 2003and wоn thе Asian Сhampionshiрs that yеar,

H But Сhina hopеs to rvin thе сountry's first

rhе Union Сусlisrе InтеrnаtionаIе (UСI1 сountry world rankings and рut Сhina at thе top

сross-of thе intеrnational rаnkings foт thе first timе

follоwing thе 20О7 sеason

:

24

ТhriIl seekers d

Questions 1-6

Thе rеading passagе has еight paragraphs, A-H.

Whiсh paragraph сontains thе following information?

NB You may uSе any lеttеr more than onсe

2 сomparisons of how BMX biсyс|es are different from others

6 two firsts, both for China and the Olympics

Do the following statеmеnts.agrее with thе information givеn in thе rеading passagе?

Write:

TRUЕ if thе statеmеnt agrееs with the infоrmation

FALSЕ if the statеmеnt сontradiсts thе information

NoT GIVЕN if therе is no information on this

8 Тhe BMX raсe is shorter than 60 seсonds.

9 The first BMX сhampionships wi|| be heId in 2008

12 China sells more biсyc|e aссessories than any other сountry in the wor|d

Question 13

Сhoosе thе сoгreсt lеttеr A, B' C or D.

D The first o|ympiс сyсling event

Тhrill seеkers

Writing

Analyzе thе following task and thеn сomplеtе thе modеl answеr Ьеlow bv сhoosins t}

You should spеnd around 20 minutеs on this task

Writе about thе following toрiс:

Thе bar сhart be|ow shows thе kеу rеasons for уoung ma|еs watсhing Formu|a 1 in

Summarise thе information bу sе|есting and rеporting the main fеaturеs, and make

сo m pa ri so n s wh erе rе| еva nt

Wгitе at lеast 150 words.

Firstly, the 1 (mojor/mojority) of viеwеrs wotсhed beсouse they found it

2 (ехсitеd/ exсiting), with just 3 (under/ov еr) 5o% giving this os o reosoh Тhe spееd of the сoгs Was the seсond 4 (|еast/most) populor гesPonse with on|у 2%

5 {morе/lеss) Forty-four Peг сent of moles wotсh еd Ьеcause thеу wеrе

6 (interested/intеrеsting) in the teсhno|ogy lnvoIved in the spoгt, whereоs only

З6%had on interest in the dгivers and the сompetitive noture of thesport.

Оthеr reosons, suсh os the stгotegies ond teomwork usеd,wеre neorly ho|f os

7 (popu|ar/populority) when 8 (сomporison /сomporеd) to the eхcitеmеnt f е|t

Гor 9 (lesslfеwеr) pеop|е stilI wotсhed foг the visuol ospeсts, suсh as sport,s

10 (most/lеost) fovoured reosons wеrеtecause it wos thelr fovouгite sport ondonlу 9% wotсh for its foirness and honesty.

only 11 (7%/L7%) govе no гeсson for fo|lowing F1

26

2 Complеtе thе сhесklist bеlow by сhoosing thе appгopгiatе rеspсlnsе:

Thrill seekers (f]

7 ls the answer under |ength? | YЕs/No

8 ls.none of these'a group Iike the others? | YЕs/No

Сovеr thе modеl and writе уouг own rеsponsе making Surе you сovеr thе points in thе

сhесklist'

Language foсus 2

G Grammar rеfегеnсе on page 22| of thесoursеbook.

Adjeсtives with prepositions

Rеwritе thе sеntеnсеs using thе adjесtivе in Ьraсkеts + a suitablе prеposition Makе anуnесеSsalry сhangеs'

Eхample:

l real|у like snowboarding (еnthusiastic)

| 0' |/l- е V.t' (' U' Зi, g' 3:' у 1 q 6 1 ;t з,l" э'.,', |: c л'r d t w o

1 I love swimming (mad)

2 I hate going to the gym (keen)

3 I сan't run Very far' (сapab|e)

4 | love going on long walks (passionate)

5 | can,t sta-n-d watсhing snooker (bored)

7 I love pIaying footba|| (fanatiсa|)

I I don't mind listening to people talk about sport (indifferent)

Undеrlinе thе two advеrbs initаliсs in thе Sеntеnсеs bеlow whiсh mean thе samе and

whiсh сan both сomрlеtе thе sеntеnсеs logiсally.

Ехample:

PeopIe neverlrarelуlhardlу ever buy records

2 ChiIdren are hard|y everlsddodusuallу keen on vegetab|es

Voсаbulary 1

Wordlist on pagе 2\4 of the сoursеbook.

Writе an adjесtivе/noun сolloсation that сould bе usеd to dеsсribе thе itеms 1-B bеlorr

Stiсky goldеn aсutе еffесtivе

advеrsе momеntous сontrovеrsial

fеstivе

2 seeing an advert for the peгfeсt job I

4 deсreasing Co, emissions g|oba||y

6 attaining world peace 4

7 a|ack of aссess to сlean water q*'

' ' '

situation abovе

tl

2 to meet friends/this is/and relatives/opportunity/a good

be aсh ieved,/it/a sign if iсanVif/iVwiII be/сan/eve nt

.tl

a se ri ous/is/th is/situation/it affeсts/fo r th ose

,n""*.ror, "r;;;;";;".t ovt i.u*u "r" ,"" o

" ,1., " ' '

t1

"u,.," ;;;;.,;,r;u"u",u", on,.o".r,n,- .1.' tl

the pe rfeсVit's/opportunity to praсtise/of pe rsuasion/you r ski I |s

I

opрoгtunitv proЬlеm solution

istuе situation oссаsion

е\'еnt сirсumstanсеs

Global problems and opportunities d

Languagе foсus 1

G} Grammar referеnсе on pagе 221 of tine сoursеЬook.

1 Dесidе whiсh nouns arе Ьеing desсribеd Thе lеttеr in Ьraсkеts tells you if it is

2 Тhese crimes invo|ve stealing f rom a person's home (о)

5 People listen to this in order to relax (U)

7 Engines and e|eсtroniс equipment are examples of this (U)

9 This is the more formal way of referring to what you wear (U)

2 Find and dеlеtе thе еxtra,s/еs,in еaсh sеntеnсе bеlow

EхampIe:

Мanу businesses noиl demand a lot of works from emploуees'

wр.r.Q

1 Businesses сan be сarried out anywhere It just takes the right people to seize

3 PubIiс transports |ike buses and trains wiI| be,even better for the environment in future

expensive

5 Fruit сan go up and down in priсes every day

1-13, whiсh arе basеd on thе геadin.

\ х rНAT do a smail Italian villagе' a сommunity ot

)rеgon and a toц.n in Austria

nееds aге supplied Ьy rеnеu.aЬlе еnеrgy.Thеy arе

Ьr-no mеans thе only onеs A grсlr,ving numbеr

At thе samе timе, many of thе largеst сitiеs arоund

thе rr.orld havе sеt thеmsсlr.еs amЬitious targеts to

сut сarЬon dioxidе еmissiоns to lеss than half prеsеnt

]еr'еls in thе сoming dесadеs, and thеy r,vill Ье rеlving

hеar-ili' o,.' .",'е.o.aЬlе еnеrgY sourсеs to do this For

.*u-т,1", Lonсlon aims to Б,'t its еmi'sions Ьу 60

pеr сЁnt of 1990 lеvеls Ьy 2025 п.ith thе hеlp of

Ьlеssеd lсеland gets all ofits еlесtriсitу trom

rеnе.r-аЬ1сs, .o*й.,u'.се-riсh' sparsсlv poprrlatесl

сountri е s, inсluding Austria, Srл,'еdсn and Norrvay,

aim to qеt Ьеtu'ееnЪO and 9o pеr сеnt of tЬеir

еlесtriйtr Ггom rеnеwaЬlеs Ьy 2010

Onе oГ thе Гirst torvns to adopt a prеdоminantlr

rеnеrr'aЬ1с supp1r', rr.ithout сompromisingоn its

lr,еalthr' гс s i d еilt.s' modеrn lifеst1.lе, was Thrее Rivеrs

satеllitБт.l, а r ashеr u'.d i.yе. thеrе is nothing I do

Rir.еrsfor 12lеаrs.

iolu, poou".'Тhе nеarеst Po\l'еr linеs arе sеvеral

:i:::fi;.Ьt;'#.1i*:J:Т*Т*jx.il,Т, еlесtiiсit' l-lсс.1 Тhс rеst is suppliеd Ьy propanе or l

diеsеl gеnеrаtors

intеrmittеnt ,.'oi ," о| iоlar po.',"' r,r.ithout thе

of i,+00 pесlрit rr.r t-ioгtЬегn ltalv, Ьесamе thе first muniсipaiit.' il Е.rо1lс tо gсt all its еlесtriсitv {'rom'".,"l jЬl" ",'-.g sourсе, it usсs а tlriх оi lr.l.tt.dl.Г .о1аr, rr.ind and rеlтing еntirеlv small-sсalеon onе

Ьydroporr'еr Four rr'it-tсi turЬirlеs on a ridgе 1Ъovе thе

"ittugЁ pror.itlе 31.r-ll sа аtt.ч oГсlесtriсity, 141 solar

ou.,"-i, Ь.' th" rо.lГs .,Г thе torr'rr hall and thе primarysсЬool prol.idе 1 ; k\\ and а snrallЪydrо-station on a

"u.Ь1 i.", prсlr.iсlе' аn аdditional 6 kWТbgeйецthеse sourсеs l"tt-, 1ll-.l'.idс morе tЬan thтее timеs thе

сommunilr t с|r lt.lt itr tlt'сd:

lГ геnеrr.rЬlс .rl.г, i: gоing to plаv а signiГiсаnt rolе

rvor}drviсlе, ho i"' ii 11[ rrееd to Ье еmplovеd

rеnеlr,aЬlе ilr е1ссtriсitr prоduсtion with a highly

{uеllеd Ьi thе iеgiоrl.s oak trееs By 2010, Gussing

plans to trsе Ьiоril s tо prol.idе еlесtriсity to thе rеst

оl thе distr.iс1 i _,.(]ttt tltlhаhltdПtS

to makе thе slr itсh Fгеillurq' a сitv of 200,000 in

pЬotor.oltaiсs in tllе Рast ]0 t-еаrs and has sеt a g^oаl o1

ieduсing Сo: еn-ri,siсl,-, to i i pеr сеnt Ьеlow 1992

lеvеIs Ьr] 2010 {nd iГ а11 gоеs u-еll

plur','"j dеr.сlopnr тrt in -\Ьu DhaЬi that will Ье hоmе

thе sun' '.i 'd u,-'.l сor-rlpostеd Гоod п.astе whеn it is

Nеr,v Zеalanсl, lr.lriсh 1ikе Iсеland also rеliеs heavily

on gеothеrma} еnеrgr-аnd hvdropowеr' now gеts.7'0pеJсеnt oГits е1ссtr]сit\'lrom rеnеlvaЬlеs and, with ih" h"lp oГ aс}ditional r'r,ind Рoп.еr, aims to inсrеasеthis figurе to 90 pеr сеntЬy 2025

еvidеnсе is alrеadу out thеrе that powетing our

r,vorld rvitЬ rеnеlr,]aЬlеs сan Ье morе tЬan a pipе

drеam Nolv all lvе nееd is thе invсstmеnt to makе it

a rеalitY

з0

Renеwablе enеrgy: Drеams Ьесomе rеaliq/

GIobal probIems and opportunitiеs d

Сomplеtе thе summary using thе list of wоrds, A_Q, bеlow

Renewable energy in smaIl сommunities

WhiIe many of the wor|d,s largest сities are yet to aсhieve their 1 , of

renewables

environmenta||y-friend|y sourсes others 5 ' , ' ' to aсhieve this by 2010'

town in oregon a|ready soUrсes most of its energy needs from the 8 ' ,

energy Тhis was made possible by investing in so|ar pane|s and 9 '

if thе statеmеnt сontradiсts thе сlaims of thе writеr

NoТ GIVЕ,N if it is impossiblе to saу what thе writег thinks about this

10 Ice|and is not the on|y plaсe in the wor|d to obtain aIl of its energy entire|y from

renewabIe soUrсes

Sсan thе tеxt again and find six рairs of advеrbs that modifl, vеrЬs or adjесtivеs that

2 luсky to have an abundant sourсe of free energy'

5 сomp|ete|y based on i

GIobаl problems and opportunities

Languagе foсus 2

GD Grammar rеferеnсе on pagе 22| of tЬeсoursеЬook.

Making suggestions

1 Мatсh itеms 1-8 with thеir mеaning a-i onе itеm has two mеanings, a positive one

e more trade at an international Ievel

i

and сhemicaIs

7 pollution g the heating of the planet caused by pollution

8 desertification h сutting down of trees, |eaving the ground exposed

Writе a solution to thе proЬlems above using thе prompts bеlow Add уour own idеas about how wе сan aсhiеve these things.

6 shou Id/ed uсate/youn g peop|e/сu |tu ral roots/by

з2

1 For 1-7 Ьеlow,@thе word initа|iсs whiсh has thе samе mеaning.

agreelng nourishing

boring maddening fascinating inspiring demanding pleasing appealing

GIobal problems and opportunities q

Voсabulary 2

Wordlist on pagе 2I4 of the сoursеbook.

Developing ideas by expanding the meaning of аdjeсtives

2 Сomplеtе thе sеntеnсеs bеloц Ьy сhoosing a word Гrom thе box and сhanging it into an

ГrioЬten tcmnt еnсouгagе attraсt Stun

Obesity is a global problem, but many people find junk food very as it is so

readily available

It is ,-' how many people are unaware of the effeсt of overfishlng on the

3 All this taIk of g|obaleсonomiс prob|ems isn't very when l am trying to find

4 I find the prospect of global warming very ^ , and I am trying to be more

5 He rea||y enjoys big сities and finds the lifesty|e very l think he wants to move to

NewYork

3 Dесidе whеthеr еaсh adjесt ivе in itаliсs in 1-6 Ьеlow is suitablе If not, сhoosе an

aрpropriatе adjесtivе Гrom ехеrсisе 1.

attraсtive is disсoverino the differenсes and the similarities

Not knowing about the future сou|d be worrying for some peop|e, but it should be exсitingratherthan troubling

encouraging beсause of the media foсus

p|easing to think one has done something nobody e|se has aоhieved

GIobal problems and opportunities

Writing

Look at thе fo]lowing Task 2 quеstion and thеn ans\\-еГ ll-i.- qrt.-.ti.,tls 1 о Ье1ow

You should spеnd about 40 minutеs on this task

Writе aЬout thе following topiс:

Givе rеasons for уour answеr and inсludе any rеlеl;lnt

1 What topiс do you need to write about?

3 What two things must you write about in your answеr?

4 How many words do you need to write?

5 How much time do You have?

Dесidе whеthеr еaсh idеa a_f Ьеlow is a сausе or a solu

whеthеr thеy arе ,push or pull faсtors,, i.е somеthing ttl.

сountrysidе or somеthing that attгaсts thеm to thе сitr Тsolutions.

a attraсtion of better job prospeсts/|aсk of we||.paid jobs

d better acсess to mediсaI сare

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Global problems and opportunities !]

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Listening

€} l.д sEсТloN4 Questjonsз1-40

Сomplеtе thе tablе bеlow

Writе No пДoRЕ THAN TWo WORDS for еaсh answer

Answers to world problems

researсh and deveIopment

the оost invo|ved

Language foсus 1

G Grammar rеfеrеnсе on pagе 222 ofthе сouтsеbook.

Ways o{ looking at the {uture

Thеn matсh еaсh sеntеnсе 1-5 to its mеaning a-f.

3 bv 2O5O/a maсhine/invenvthat/сan read/people's minds (future perfeсt)

tl

4nearfuture/mostpeop|e/|ive/robots/homes(futureсontinuous)

tl

a This is the Person's intention

b This person is сertain that this will happen

с Тhis event will have happened sometime before a point in the f uture

e Тhis is a timetab|ed event

what makеs this onе diffеrеnt is that for thе first timе thеy

3 (agrее) on how thеy сan rеduсе thе amount of сarbon еmissions еaсh сountry produсеs It is hopеd that by working

togеthеrthеministеrs4 (sеt)rеalistiсtargеtsthatall

сountriеs сan aсhiеvе by thе yеar 2O5o By this timе, morе than 70 yеars

5 (pass) sinсе finding out about thе damaging еffесts

of global warming Thеsе targеts should mеan that in thе yеar 2o5o

thе air wе 6 (klrеathе) should bе сlеanеr than now Hopеfullv, this 7 (mеan) a bеttеr world for all of thе

I]

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36 woгld's nations and pеoplе.

refers to the people in сontro| in a сountry.

is one that is stronger than others

does not live and work in ruralareas.

has the ear|iest historiс сonneсtions to a region

is a group of people who are doing well

is re|ated to the сontemporary wor|d'

2 Rеad thе titlеs of thе books bеlow (1_8) and thеn matсh thеm to thеir сontеnt using thе

сolloсations abovе (a-h) An еxamplе has bееn donе for you

тlтLE

1 2l"tCentury Living

4 Living Together Suссessfu||y

5 The PeopIe's Voiсe

7 People in Power

of Australia

Thе future

Listening

G t.s sEсTlON 1 Questions 1_]0

Complеtе thе form below

Writе No N{oRЕ THAN TWo WoRDs AND/OR A NUNIBЕR for еaсh answеr

Order FormЕхample:

Reason for call:

the сluеs Ьеlow Whеn уou have finished, yor-l

will find that 11 down spеlls out anothеr adjесtivе.

4 to do with a place having a largepopulation

7 related to land used for farming

8 a p|aсe with a lot of room is '

9 to do with modern maсhinery

noт neсessarV

ifl

38

- r

Сhoosе adjесtives Гrom ехегсisе 1 to сomplеtе thе sеntеnсеs Ьеlow Usе thе spaсе

providеd in braсkets to also writе thе noun form.

2 Using farming methods will help pollute the environment less

( )

By the end of the century, fewer buildings will have been built in inner city

what they're telling you is the truth ( )

Some parts of the globe will always be more than others ( )

future.( )

a projeсted to double in the next ten years

с wi|l have grown substantia||y by the end of the year

e with safeguarding peop|e's privaсy

2 Writе your own prеdiсtions to сomplеtе thе sеntеnсе bеginnings aЬovе

5

6

7

I

Sсienflsts have built a computer that сan'deсode, brain signals and

Тhe abiIity to read someone's mind and even to visua|ize their dreams

someone is looking at with an aссuraсy of up to 90 per сent, a|thoughthe success rate falls as the total number of photographs being

assessed inсreases' Тhe sсientists be|iеve that it might be possib|e in

said Professor Jaсk Ga||ant of the University of Ca|ifornia, Berkе|ey, who led the study puЪtisrred in the journal

|il,jl."o-r works by analyzing ttтe patterns of activity within the visual сentre of the brain, deteсted by a

funоtiona| magnetiс resonanсe imaging (fMRl) maсhine as a person |ooks at a set of randomly-arranged

In this triсk' the magiсian fans a deсk of оards and asks you to piсk a сard, |ook at it, and then p|ace itЪaсk in

the dесk Тhe magiсian,s job rs to figure out whiсh сard you saw,,said Professor Ga||ant Imagine that we begin

with a largе set of photographs оhosen at random.You seсret|y seleсt just one of these and look at it while

aсtivity the dесoder attempts to identify whiсh speсrfiс photograph you saw,'hе said

per сent Тhe sсientists estimated that even with a set of one bilIion images - roughly the number of piсtures

Were to seleсt and view an image at random from the internet, our data suggests that we would be able to Use

times,' said Professor Gallant

Тhe sсientists emphasized that at present the deсoder оan on|y match piсtures seen by a person rather than

measured using fMRl to do this in the future |n faсt, so muсh information is avai|ab|e in these signals that one

Undoubted|y, this deviсe сould prove to be one of the most important inventions of the 21.tсentury Imagine

thoughi-proсesses and then used to help them rehabilitate so that they do not reoffend' Тhe possiblities are endIess'

I

40

Questions 1-3

1 A deсoding maсhine has been invented to

A read the brain

C prediсt the future

D interpret brain signals

c deсreases with the volume of photographs

D fIuctuates as the vo|ume of photographs inсreases

3 Sсientists prediсt the deоoder сou|d be used to

A сhange people's thoughts'

B read a oerson's mind

D furite a oerson's will

Answеr thе quеstions bеlow

Writе No NIORЕ THAN TнRЕЕ WoRDs AND/OR A NUIVIBЕR from thе passagе for

еaсh answеr

4 Besides privaсy, what kind of issues does the person who organized the study Worry

about?

5 At |east how many years wi|| it be before mind reading beсomes a rea|ity?

6 What was the approximate suссess rate when tests were carried out with a thousand

images?

Сomplеtе thе summary Ьеlow

еaсh answеr

)'

re|ated to vision.Тhen the maсhine tries to 9 .'.whiсh photo the person is

amagiсianhasto11' outwhiсhсardwasсhosen,sodoesthedeсoder'

The'12 .'.' rate deсreases the more images it has to сhoose from Еven if

the piсture was сhosen at random from the lnternet, 13 ' of brain aсtivity

wou|d |ead to piсking the сorreсt image