Tiếng anh chuyên ngành 1

tiếng anh chuyên ngành dược dành cho sinh viên hoặc người đang học ngành dược cần tìm hiểu các ngữ pháp cơ bản

VOCABULARY: ( Week 1 - Book 1 unit 1+2+3)

 Cardiology (khoa tim mạch): the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of the heart and heart diseases

 Cardiologist (bác sĩ tim mạch): a doctor who takes care of patients with heart problems

 Dermatology (khoa da liễu): the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of the skin and skin diseases

 Emergency: the hospital department where people with very serious or life threatening injuries are treated

 Obsterics (khoa sản): the hospital department that treats women and unborn children during pregnancy

 Obstetrician (bác sĩ khoa sản): a doctor who cares for pregnant women and theirunborn children

 Orthopedics (khoa xương khớp): the hospital department that specializes in the treatment of bones and muscles

 Pathology (khoa bệnh học): the hospital department that tests samples taken from patients for diseases

 Lab technician (người làm trong phòng thí nghiệm): a medical professional who works with samples in a laboratory

 Pediatrics (khoa nhi): the hospital department that specializes in the treatment

of children

 Pediatrician (bác sĩ khoa nhi): a doctor that takes care of children

 Pharmacy (phòng bán thuốc): a business or hospital department that provides medicine to people

 Pharmacist (dược sĩ): a licensed health care professional who fills prescriptions and gives medicine

 Radiology (khoa X-ray): the hospital department that takes X-rays of people and examines them

 Radiologist (bác sĩ coi X-ray): a doctor who takes X-rays and examines them

 Surgery (khoa phẫu thuật): the hospital department where doctors perform operations on people

 Surgeon (bác sĩ phẫu thuật): a doctor who perfoms operations on people

 Anesthesiologist (bác sĩ gây mê): a doctor who ensures that patients are

unconscious or do not feel pain during surgery

 General practitioner (bác sĩ đa khoa): a doctor who provides many kinds of care

to adults and children

 Nurse (y tá): a medical professional who helps a doctor and cares for patient

 Bedpan (bô ỉa cho bệnh nhân): a pot used for relieving oneself when a person is not able to go to a bathroom

 Bio-hazard waste container (thùng chứa chất thải nguy hiểm sinh học): a box for the storage and disposal of dangerous medical waste

 Gauze (gạc): a cotton fabric used to cover wounds or surgical incisions

 Gown (áo bệnh nhân): a long robe worn by a hospital patient

 Latex gloves (găng tay cao su hàng xài 1 lần rồi bỏ): disposable gloves used

during a medical exam or procedure

 Oxygen tank: a metal cylinder that holds oxygen

 Pressure mattress (giường cho bệnh nhân già tránh lở loét do áp lực nằm lâu): a special treatment designed to improve blood flow and comfort to prevent

pressure ulcer

 Sharps container (thùng chứa vật sắc nhọn): a box for the storing of used

needles and other sharp medical instruments before disposal

 Syringe (kim chích): a device consisting of a needle, chamber, and piston, used for injecting liquids into the body

 Wheelchair (xe lăn): a mobile chair with wheels used for moving a sick or

disabled person

EXAMPLES OF VOCABUARY USES:

 Pathology test samples for all departments

 Take this person to surgery for her transplant

 My daughter’s pediatrician says that some tea and syrup is all that’s needed to soothe her cough

 Dispose of used gauze and latex gloves in the bio-hazard waste containers

 The bedpans in this room need to be emptied before you leave

 The medical staff at a hospital will always use gauze to cover up wounds on a patient

 The pharmacy can fill the prescriptions twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week

 Doctor and nurse must always wear a new pair of latex gloves when examining patients

 Dr Takeshi’s reputation as one of the best transplant surgeons is known

worldwide

 Dr Brown is a famous transplant surgeon

 Pediatrics provides healthcare from birth to adulthood

 The doctor orders a pressure mattress for Ms Jones to help her back pain

 An ambulance brought the patient to the emergency room

 Nurse said: “I just took Ms Greyon’s blood pressure It’s one fifty over two

ninety- A pediatrician is best qualified to examine a sick four-year old

 Suppliers for patient rooms, such as gowns and bedpans, are on the left

 Radiology creates X-rays and CT scans for all departments

VOCABULARY: ( Week 2 - Book 1 unit 4+5+6+7 )

 Ankle: the joint between the foot and the lower leg

 Arm: the long extension from the upper body between the shoulder and wrist

 Elbow: the joint between the upper and lower arm

 Finger: one of the extensions from the hand

 Foot: the perpendicular extension at the end of the leg

 Hand: the part of the arm below the wrist, to which fingers are attached

 Hip (hông): the part of the upper leg that projects slightly outward

 Knee: the joint between the upper and lower leg

 Leg: the long extension from the lower body between the hip and the foot

 Shoulder: the joint between the arm and the upper body

 Toe: one of the small extensions at the end of the foot

 Wrist (cổ tay): the part of the forearm that attaches to the hand

 Abdomen (phần bụng): the part of the body that contains the digestive organs and is between the groin and the waist

 Back: the part of the human body on the other side of the body to the torso between the pelvis (xương chậu) and the neck

 Chest: the part of the human body enclosed by the sternum (xương ức) and the ribs that lies above the abdomen and below the neck

 Groin (vùng háng): the place in the human body where the inner thigh (đùi) and the lower abdomen meet

 Neck: the part of the body that joins the head to the torso

 Rib cage (xương lồng ngực): a structure of bones in the torso that frames the chest

 Shoulder blade (xương bả vai): one of the two upper back bones that lie outside the ribs and connect the back to the upper arm

 Small of the back: the lower portion of the back just above the hips

 Torso (thân trên, không tính tay và đầu): the upper portion of the human body that extends from the neck to the pelvis

 Waist: the part of the human torso between the groin and the rib cage

 Cheek: the fleshy part of the either side of the face below the eye

 Ears: the organs on either side of the head that detect sound

 Eyebrows: strips of hair that grow above the eyes

 Eyes: the pair of spherical organs in the head that detect light and provide vision

 Face: the front portion of the head from the chin to the forehead

 Forehead: the portion of the face between the hairline and eyebrows

 Head: the upper part of the human body that contains the brain and the face

 Jaw: either the upper and lower bony structure that holds the teeth and forms the framework of the mouth

 Lips: the two muscular folds that surround the mouth

 Nose: an organ that projects from the face that detects smell

 Alveoli (phế nang): small sacs in the lungs at the endpoints of the respiratory system where oxygen enters and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream

 Asthma (bệnh suyễn): a chronic inflammatory lung disease (bệnh viêm phổi mãntính) that causes wheezing (thở khò khè), coughing, and shortness of breath Some symptoms of asthma can be treated by inhaling medicine

 Breathe: to pass air into and out of the lungs for the purpose of absorbing

oxygen into the bloodstream

 Bronchial tube (ống phế quản): the main passage within the lung through which air passes from the trachea (khí quản) to the alveoli

 Emphysema (bệnh khí phổi thủng): a progessive respiratory disease that causes shortness of breath and involves damage to lung tissues

 Exhale (thở ra): to breathe out or expel air from the lungs

 Inhale (hít vào): to breathe in or take air into the lungs

 Lung: an organ located in the chest of the human body that introduces oxygen

to the bloodstream

 Oxygen: a naturally occuring element necessary for the functioning of the

human body and absorbed into the bloodstream by the respiratory system

 Respiratory system: the human’s body means of receiving oxygen through

breathing It includes the nose, mouth, and lungs

EXAMPLES OF VOCABUARY USES:

 Air passes into the lungs from the trachea through the bronchial tubes

 A hard blow can knock the shoulder out of place resulting in a shoulder

displocation

 The doctor placed his hand on the small of the patient’s back

 Ankles, knees, and elbows can be sprained from unnatural movements

 Breaking even your smallest toe can make walking difficult

 Breaking even your smallest finger can make lifting difficult

 Respiratory system is the network of organs and airways responsible for gas exchange can be adversely affected by smoking

 Tom can’t move his arm due to his shoulder injury

 Which of the following is a respiratory disorder? Infertility, ulcer, stroke, asthma

 Fingers and toes, these appendages are often jammed or broken

 The bones that protect the heart and lungs make up the rib cage

 He was badly hurt in the chest The doctor saw obvious bruises in the upper front part of his torso

 Fingers and toes can be jammed or broken

 What part of the torso are NOT on the front of the body? Shoulder

 The patient suffered minor head trauma and may have a concussion

 Lips are the sensitive organs surrounding the mouth

 The eyebrows keep water out of the eyes

 I love to run but last week i sprained my ankle when my foot rolled in a twisting motion

 Which of the following is not a symptom of a asthma? Coughing, wheezing, inflamed bronchial tubes, excessive oxygen entering the blood

 Ankle sprain can result from a blow to the knee or a sudden twist There could

be pain throughout the leg

 Last Saturday i sprained my wrist while playing tennis

 My nose is congested and i’m having trouble breathing

 This shoe barely fits on my foot

 I’ve taken a look at your chest X-rays I’m sorry to say, it appears to be

emphysema

 I twisted my ankle when i was running

 The eyes are the pair of spherical organs in the head that detect light and

provide vision

 The dentist opened Carl’s mouth to look at his teeth

 In emphysema, the alveoli lose their shape and functionality when the person exhales

VOCABULARY: ( Week 3 - Book 1 unit 8+9+10+15 )

 Artery (động mạch): a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

 Aorta (động mạch chủ): the largest artery in the body It connects directly to the heart

 Vein (tĩnh mạch): a blood vessel that carries blood towards the heart

 Vena cava (tĩnh mạch chủ): one of two largest veins in the body It connects directly to the heart

 Capillary (mao mạch): the smallest kind of blood vessel in the body where the exchange of oxygen, water, and nutrients takes place

 Circulatory system (hệ thống tuần hoàn): the system responsible for carrying blood and oxygen throughout the body

 Heart: the organ which pumps the blood throughout the body

 Atrium (tâm nhĩ): one of the two upper chambers of the heart (buồng tim),

which receive from veins

 Valve (van): a flap in a bodily system that allows passage of material in one

direction but prevents passage in the other direction

 Pulmonary (thuộc về phổi): related to the lungs If something is pulmonary, it has to do with the lungs

 Digestive system: the system of organs through which food passes, and which processes food, nutrients, and waste

 Esophagus (thực quản / cuống họng): the muscular tube connecting the mouth

at the pharynx (yết hầu) to the cardiac end of the stomach

 Stomach: the pouch-like organ between the esophagus and small intestine, this produces acid and enzymes to break down food which enters the body

 Small intestine (ruột non): the part of the digestive system through which food passes from the stomach and through which nutrients are absorbed into the blood

 Large intestine (ruột già / đại tràng): the organ connected at the end of the smallintestine and anus The large intestine absorbs nutrients and vitamins not

absorbed by the small intestine It then compacts unused food into waste, or feces

 Colon (ruột già / đại tràng): another name of the large intestine

 Colonoscopy (nội soi ruột già): a medical procedure which examines the inside

of the colon

 Ulcer (vết loét): a sore or abscess (đau hoặc áp xe) which forms in the stomach when the stomach’s mucus lining is too thin to keep the stomach’s acid from damaging the stomach

 Appendicitis (viêm ruột thừa): a condition where the appendix (ruột thừa), a small organ which is part of the digestive system, becomes irritated and

inflamed (bị kích thích và viêm)

 Assess (đánh giá): to evaluate something or determine the value of it

 Bandage (băng cá nhân): a strip of material used to protect an injury

 Burn: a physical injury that can be caused by extreme heat, cold, electricity, or dangerous chemicals

 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation / CPR (hồi sức tim phổi): is a first aid procedure involving chest compression and artificial breathing (hô hấp nhân tạo), used when the heart has stopped beating

 First aid (sơ cứu): basic medical care given to an injury victim when other help is not available or necessary

 Laceration (vết rách): an open injury caused by a hard impact to soft body tissue

 Pressure: an amount of force applied to a certain area divided by the size of the area

 Pulse (mạch đập): an impulse caused by a heartbeat, that can be felt when an artery is pressed

 Rescue breathing (hô hấp nhân tạo): a first aid procedure involving providing air for someone who has stopped breathing, but still has a heartbeat

 Shock (bị sốc): a medical emergency in which the circulator system cannot

provide oxygen to the body

 Wound (vết thương): an injury, such as a cut or burn, usually to the external body (bên ngoài cơ thể)

 Antibiotic (kháng sinh): something used to kill or slow the growth of bacterial microorganisms in the body

 Antimicrobial (kháng khuẩn): something that kills or prevents the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungus

 Bacteria (vi khuẩn): any of a great number of single-celled microorganisms that inhabit all areas of the earth including human bodies Many types are

responsible for human ailments and disease

 Biohazard (nguy cơ sinh học): a biological substance that is potentially harmful

to humans They can include bacteria, viruses, and biologically derived toxins (chất độc có nguồn gốc sinh học)

 Contagious (dễ lây lan): a disease that can spread easily from one person to another

 Disinfectant (chất khử trùng): something used to clean surfaces by killing

bacteria and other microorganisms

 Facemask (khẩu trang): a covering of cloth or other material over the face, worn

to prevent the transmission of microorganisms by way of the nose and mouth

 Infection (sự nhiễm trùng): the abnormal manifestation of parasitic

microorganisms within an area of the body

 Quarantine (cách ly): to isolate a person from contact with others in order to prevent the transmission of contagious diseases

 Transmit (truyền dẫn, chuyển giao): to transfer something from one place to another, such as transmitting a virus or other biohazard from one body to

another

 Virus: a small infectious entity (thực thể nhiễm trùng) only capable of replicatingwithin the cells of living organisms

EXAMPLES OF VOCABUARY USES:

 Blood picks up oxygen when it travels through pulmonary artery

 The aorta branches into two smaller arteries in the lower body

 The superior vena cava returns blood without oxygen from the head and arms

 Mr Robinson, your blood pressure is really high You’re at increased risk for a heart attack

 Usually during a heart attack, an artery inside the heart gets blocked by fatty acids When that happen blood can’t get through, that can lead to permanent damage or death

 The symptoms of a heart attack are sudden chest pains or difficult breathing Call the hospital immediately if you have them

 Pain between the heart and stomach might mean an esophagus problem

 Pain lower in the abdomen could mean appendicitis

 Which of the following is an organ of the digestive system? Aorta, esophagus, bladder, vena cava

 The vena cava is one of the two largest vein in the body It connects directly to the heart

 Which of the following is not a recommended Hygiene Standards? Quarantining infected individuals, cleaning surfaces with disinfectant, hand washing with antimicrobial soap, storing biohazards in proper cabinets (the rest are Hygiene Standards)

 If you live 66 years, your heart will beat 25 billion times

 Much of the bacteria found in the colon exists harmlessly in the body

 Which of the following is not related to the Circulatory system? vena cava,

cardiology, aorta, bladder (rest are related)

 Problems in the digestive system can appear in the esophagus, the stomach, the appendix, or the colon

 I kept my foot under water for quite some time It helped a lot to relieve my minor burn

 Virus often get transmitted when people don’t follow proper hygiene

 They’ve quarantined Joe at the hospital because his flu is resistant to antibiotic drugs

 Apply pressure to lacerations or other open wounds to stop bleeding

 Blood without oxygen returns to the heart in veins

 Does blood without oxyge return to the left or right atrium?

 The nurse use stiches to close the wound

 All of the following are organs of the digestive system except the: small

intestine, colon, esophagus, epidermis (3 rest are related)

 Cool minor burns with running water

 Blood begins its journey in the heart, which beats to pump it to the rest of the body

 In order to stop bleeding, you should first apply pressure

 You should wash your injury and wrap a bandage around it

 A cold can be prevented from transmitting by wearing face masks

 Prevent shock by elevating the legs and covering the victim

 The appendix is between the small intestine and large intestine

 The doctor will need ton the victim’s condition

 First aid is basic medical care given to an injury victim when other help is not available or necessary

 In a colonoscopy, the doctor insert a fiber-optic camera into the rectum While the camera is being withrawn, the problem will be found

VOCABULARY: ( Week 4 - Book 2 unit 1+2+3+4 )

 Clot: a small chunk of dried blood that blocks the flow of blood through a blood vessel

 Compatible: something that can exist with or near something else without

causing a conflict

 Plasma (huyết tương): a liquid that contains blood cells

 Platelet (tiểu cầu - một dạng bạch cầu): a type of blood cell that thickens around the surface of a cut to stop blood loss

 Red blood cell (hồng cầu): a unit of blood that carries oxygen throughout the body

 Transfusion (truyền máu): the process of moving blood from one person into another person who has suffered blood loss

 Type O: a blood classification that means the body’s immune system is not

compatible with A- or B- antigens on blood cells

 Type A: a blood classification that means the body’s immune system is

compatible with molecules on blood cells called A-antigens, but it fight

B-antigens

 Type AB: a blood classification that means the body’s immune system is

compatible with A- and B- antigens on blood cells

 Type B: a blood classification that means the body’s immune system is

compatible with molecules on blood cells called B-antigens, but it will fight antigens

A- Universal donor: someone who has blood type O, which can be safely received

by another person with any blood type

 Nguyên tắc truyền máu (transfusion rules): chỉ có AB là nhận được hết, còn lại phải nhận từ nhóm máu O, chỉ có O mới hiến được hết, AB hiến AB, A hiến A và

AB, B hiến B và AB

Nhóm máu Kháng nguyên

trên tế bào hồng cầu

Kháng thể trong huyết tương

Khả năng nhậnđược Khả năng hiến cho

Nhóm máu Rh (D) (blood type Rh / blood type D): Y u t Rh là m t lo i protein đ c bi t trên các t ế ố ộ ạ ặ ệ ế bào máu H u h t m i ng ầ ế ọ ườ ề i đ u có kháng nguyên D trên h ng c u và th ồ ầ ườ ng g i là Rh+ (Rh D d ọ ươ ng)

Nh ng ng ữ ườ i không có kháng nguyên D trên h ng c u đ ồ ầ ượ c g i là Rh- (Rh D âm) C n ph i th c hi n ọ ầ ả ự ệ xét nghi m kháng nguyên Rh D đ i v i nh ng ng ệ ố ớ ữ ườ i ph n mang thai nh m m c đích sàng l c và phát ụ ữ ằ ụ ọ

hi n s t ệ ự ươ ng thích trong c th c a m và bé ơ ể ủ ẹ

 Bone: is strong, hard matter that is part of a body’s basic structure

 Comminuted (bị nghiền nhỏ): if a fracture is _, the bone is broken into

several or many pieces

 Compound: if a fracture is _, part of the bone protrudes (nhô ra) through the skin

 Displaced: if a fracture is _, it is moved out of its correct or normal position

 Fracture (chỗ gãy xương): is a crack or break in a bone

 Skeleton: is a series of bones that makes up a body’s basic structure

 Stress fracture (vết rạn): is a minor crack in a bone caused by repeated or

 Contusion (vết bầm): also called a bruise, this is a temporarily discolored area of skin that has been damaged by trauma, allowing blood to seep (rịn ra) from the local capillaries (mao mạch lân cận) into the surrounding tissue

 Dermis (lớp hạ bì): the layer of skin between the outer epidermis and the inner hypodermis

 Epidermis (lớp biểu bì): the outermost layer of human skin

 Hypodermis (lớp mỡ dưới da): the layer of skin beneath the dermis used for fat storage (Ngoai vao trong: epidermis – dermis – hypodermis)

 Pimple (mụn nhọt – triệu chứng bệnh mụn trứng cá): a type of acne in the skin where excess oil has become trapped in a pore, creating, a raised red pot

 Pore (lỗ chân lông): a minute (small) opening in the skin through which gases, liquids (such as sweat as a cooling mechanism) may pass It is located in the epidermis of the skin

 Skin: the soft outer layer of human bodies and the bodies of other animals

 Subcutaneous fat (lớp mỡ dưới da, tên gọi khác là hypodermis): the layer of the skin beneath the dermis that contains primarily lobules of fat (chủ yếu là tiểu thùy mỡ)

 Brain: is the large organ that controls bodily functions through release of

hormones or activating muscles

 Nervous system: is the bodily system that transmits signals and coordinates actions of the body

 Motor (thuộc về chuyển động): if a neuron is a _ neuron, it helps to create the ability to move

 Nerve (dây thần kinh): is a cordlike structure that enables the transmission of electric impulses (xung điện) through the nervous system

 Network (mạng lưới): is a group of connected neurons that process information

 Neuron (tế bào thần kinh): is a cell that transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling

 Reflex (phản xạ): is an involuntary (vô thức) and immediate movement in

response to a stimulus (kích thích từ ngoại cảnh)

 Sensory (giác quan): if something is _, it has to do with five senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell

 Spinal cord (tủy sống): is a long bundle of nerve cells that extends downward from the brain

 Vertebrae (đốt sống): are the small bones that together make up the backbone and surround the nerves of the spinal cord

EXAMPLES OF VOCABUARY USES:

 Beth is a nurse at Memorial Children’s Hospital She says she encouters

greenstick fractures daily

 Compound fracture require extensive repositioning so the bone heals in the right place

 A green stick fracture is most common among children

 Which of the following condition is caused by external trauma to the skin?

Abrasion

 The skin is made up of three layers: dermis, epidermis, and hypodermis

 Stress fractures are easier to treat than other fractures

 The patient has acne on her face and neck

 Julie is a very active child ans is always getting abrasions on her knees and

elbows

 Stress fractures require fairly straightforward treatment The bone is typically cracked rather than broken all the way through

 If the displaced bone is not realighned, it may cause permanent disability

 The blood bank encourages every universal donor to donate as often as possible

 What is right about acne? It is common in teenagers, it is caused by oils that become trapped in the skin’s pores, acne is usually treated by topical medicine,

to prevent acne you should often wash your face

 Information travels along nerves and up the spinal cord to the brain

 Compound fractures require exensive repositioning so the bone heals in the right place

 Because of surging hormones, teenagers are more prone to compound than children and adults

VOCABULARY: ( Week 5 - Book 2 unit 5+6+7 )

 Adrenal gland (tuyến thượng thận): is a gland above the kydney produces

adrenaline and other hormones

 Adrenaline (tên một loại hormone): is a hormone that helps the body react to a sudden threat or stress