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`Expose Interstitial fluid |¿ “1 collagen fibers a Damaged blood vessel endothelium Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings... Permission required fo

Hematocrit

Hormones (erythropoietin, insulin, etc.) Flectratytes (sodium, potassium, calaum, etc.)

CELLULAR COMPONENTS - 45% of Total Blood Volume

‘Buffy Coat White Blood Cells (7000-9000 per mnv\3 of blood Platelets (250,000 per mnv\3 of blood

Red Blood Cells (RBCs) About 5,000,000 per mn\3 of blood

Hematopoiesis

Immune cell development: Hematopoiesis

@ Hematopoietic stem cell

Erythropoiesis

ingestion

Bile excreted

in urine

Small intestine Large intestine

Leukopolesis

xZ `” NN

Agranular Granular

(do nothave granules) (have granules)

can be divided can be further divided

into 2 types into "

ymphocytes monocytes basophils neutrophils eosnop phils

0 -25% 3-8% 0.5- 19, 60-70 Ứo

|

Thrombocytes - Platelets

otep 2: Platelet plug

Platelet

adhesion

Endothelium Subendothelium Smooth muscle

Z⁄ZZ `Expose Interstitial fluid

|¿ “1 collagen fibers

(a) Damaged blood vessel endothelium

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Extrinsic and Intrinsic coagulation

The ABO Blood System

Rh+ Amniotic sac

agglutinogens

Placenta

I agree O-positive is rather nice,

but my favourite by far is AB-negative

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(1) Withdraw blood into a syringe and (2) Place the tube into a centrifuge and 3) Components of blood separate during

buffy coat, and erythrocytes

15

Colorized SEM of Red Blood Cells (red), platelets

green) and White Blood Cells (purple

À>ề 2

Sectional view Superior view

TEM of Red Blood Cells (in cross section)

`

Sickle Cell Anemia (arrow = sickle cell}

Colorized SEM of Sickle Cell RBCs (green)

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Hemoglobin

Bo globin chain B, globin chain

(a ringed molecule with Heme

iron ion in the center)

22

OQ» globin chain a, globin chain

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ABO Blood Types Rh Blood Types

Antigen A Antigen B Antigens A and B Neither antigen Antigen D No antigen D

AnorB

Anti-B antibodies Anti-A antibodies Neither anti-A nor Both anti-A and No anti-D antibodies | Anti-D antibodies

anti-B antibodies anti-B antibodies (after prior exposure)

Erythrocytes with | Erythrocytes with | Erythrocytes with | Erythrocytes with aoe with HD with no type A surface type B surface both type A and neither type A nor TU Se a wee = a Blood type _| antigens and plasma | antigens and plasma | type B surface type B surface Blood type SH ốc = ae eer aE 5 oe

with anti-B antibodies | with anti-A antibodies | antigens, and plasma | antigens, but plasma Will NO and: anti-D antibodies,

with neither anti-A —_| with both anti-A and ae ae

nor anti-B antibodies | anti-B antibodies prior exposure to Rh

positive blood

23

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*%Ẳ

Type B blood recipient with anti-A antibodies in plasma Blood from type A donor

Type A donor erythrocyte

Agglutinated erythrocytes block small vessels

(b)

24

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Type A blood of donor Type A blood of recipient

(has surface antigen A) (contains anti-B antibodies)

Type A blood of donor Type B blood of recipient

(has surface antigen A) (contains anti-A antibodies)

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Erythrocytes form in red bone marrow

` —

Membrane proteins and globin proteins are

broken down into amino acids, some of which are used to make new erythrocytes

(2) Erythrocytes circulate in bloodstream for 120 days Heme components of blood are recycled

then to bilirubin, transferrin and stored

which is secreted by the protein ferritin

Aged erythrocytes are phagocytized

| — Specific Granules

lactoferrin hCAP18

lysozyme

>Azurophil Granules

œ - defensin

lysozyme

CXCL8R (IL-8 _—

Diapedesis

C3a C5a,

chemokines, histamine,

prostaglandins,

and leukotrienes

B-CELL

PROLIFERATION

B-CELL CONVERSION

TO PLASMA CELL )

ANTIBODIES BEING RELEASED FROM PLASMA CELL

VN

A simplified model of the possible interactions between polarised

T helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 responses

Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine ©2000 Cambridge University Press

Medscapeeœ www.medscape.com

Target cell

B2 microglobulin

©1998 GARLAND PUBLISHING

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

(4) Low O, levels in blood stimulate

kidneys to produce erythropoietin

(3) Erythropoietin and necessary

raw materials in blood promote erythropoiesis in red bone marrow

(4) New erythrocytes

enter bloodstream; function about

(6) Aged and damaged red 120 days

blood cells are engulfed by

macrophages of liver, spleen,

and bone marrow; the hemoglobin

is broken down

Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings.