CHUYÊN ĐỂ ĐẢO NGỮ A LÝTHUYẾT Trong tiết học này, các em sẽ được học về định nghĩa câu đảo ngữ, các dạng câu đảo ‘ngữ đảo ngữ với No/Not, đảo ngữ với các trạng ngữ phủ định, đảo ngữ với Only, đảo ngữ v[.]
Trang 1CHUYÊN ĐỂ : ĐẢO NGỮ A-LÝTHUYẾT
Trong tiết học này, các em sẽ được học về định nghĩa câu đảo ngữ, các dạng câu đảo
‘ngữ: đảo ngữ với No/Not, đảo ngữ với các trạng ngữ phủ định, đảo ngữ với Only, đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No, đảo ngữ với So/such, đảo ngữ sau các cụm trạng tự ) ' chỉ phương hướng và vị trí
Đây là dạng bài quan trọng trong các đề thi tiếng Anh, chúng ta cùng tìm hiểu các • k ẹmnhé!
I ĐỊNH NGHĨA
Câu đảo ngữ là một câu trần thuật bình thường nhưng đảo trợ động từ, trạng từ hoặc động
từ lên trước chủ ngữ
Eg: Seldom do I listen to Rock music
❖ Một số loại câu nhấn mạnh dùng đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh thường gặp:
• too/so
Eg: He is tall -> I am, too = So am I
• either/neither:
Eg: He isn't tall-> 1 am not, either = Neither am I
• nor = neither:
Eg: I don't like him -> Nor do I = Neither do I
I don't like him, nor do I hate him
IL ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI NO/NOT
No + Noun + Auxiliary + s + Verb (inf)
Not any + Noun + Auxiliary + s + Verb (inf)._
Eg: I won't lend you any money from now on
=> Not any/No money will I lend you from now on
Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in tragedy
III ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC TRẠNG NGỮ PHỦ ĐỊNH
Các trạng từ phủ định dùng trong câu đảo ngữ: never, rarely, seldom, little, hardly ever
• Rarely:
Eg: I have rarely seen such a beautiful building as Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia
=> Rarely have I seen such a beautiful building as Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia
• Seldom:
Eg: I seldom go to school late
=> Seldom do I go to school late
• Hardly ever:
Eg: He hardly ever speaks in the public
-> Hardly ever does he speak in the public
• Never:
Eg: She has never seen such a beautiful house in her life
-> Never in her life has she seen such a beautiful picture
This is the first time I have seen such an interesting film
-> Never before have I seen such an interesting film
IV ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI ONLY
• Only once:
Eg: Only once have I met her
• Only later:
Trang 2Eg: Only a week later did we realize what had happened.
• Only in this/that way:
Eg: Only in this way can we succeed
• Only then:
Eg: Only then did I realize that I had left my purpose at home
• Only when + clause, (inv):
Eg: Only when I arrived at the airport, did I realize that I had left my passport at home
• Only if + clause:
Eg: Only if you practice English at least 2 hours a day can you master it
• Only after + Noun/V“ing/clause:
Eg: Only after a twelve hour-wait, did my flight leave
Only after posting the letter, did I realize that i had forgotten to put on a stamp
• Only by + noun/V-ing:
Eg: Only by practicing English at least 2 hours a day can you master it
• Only with + Noun:
Eg: Only with a big sum of money can you buy a house in Hanoi
• Only in + adverb of time/place:
Eg: Only in April is there this kind of flower
V ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ "NO"
• At no time:
Eg: The outcome of the election was never in doubt
=> At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt
He never suspected that she was a witch
=> At no time did he suspect that she was a witch
• On no account:
Eg: You mustn't touch the switch on any account
=> On no account must you touch the switch
• On no condition:
Eg: On no condition shall we accept their proposal
• Under/In no circumstances:
Eg: The money is not to be paid under any circumstances
=> Under no circumstances is the money to be paid
• For no reason:
Eg: For no reason must you play truant
• In no way:
Eg: The shop can in no way be held responsible for customers' lost property
=> In no way can the shop be held responsible for customers' lost property
• No longer:
Eg: He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day
=> No longer does he smoke 20 cigarettes a day
PRACTICE: (chữa trong video)
Exercise 1 Rewrite the sentence
1 A country can't be prosperous if it's not quite independent
=> Only when a country is quite independent can it be properous
2 You can drive a car only after you obtain a driving licence
=> Only after you obtain a driving licence, can you drive a car
3 He never suspected that money had been stolen
Trang 3=> At no time did he suspect that money had been stolen.
4 Our neighbour hasn't once invited us into his home
=> Not once has our neighbour invited us into his home
5 I have never been to Japan before
=> Never have I been to Japan before
Exercise 2 Choose the best answer
1 Only when he started working with her, _ that she was intelligent
A he had realize B did he realize
C he did realize D he realized
2 Rarely _ such a wonderful child
3 John can solve this problem and _
A Jeam do, too B Jeam does either
C So does Jeam D Neither does Jeam
4 No longer _ any pleasure to do this job
5 _has the work been so easy
6 Seldom _ a newspaper
7 For no reason _
C can you tell lies D can you tells lies
8 it started to snow, did he realize that he missed the sunny weather so much
A Only later B Only when
C Only D Only in this way
9 Not once _ into her eyes
10 Never in my life _ anyone drinking· as.much as you
A have I seened B have I seen
C did I seen D was I seen
VI ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI "NO SOONER THAN;
HARDLY/BARELY/SCARCELY THAN"
No sooner + had + s + P2 + than + clause Hardly
Barely + had + s + P2 + when+ clause Scarcely
Trang 4Eg: 1.1 had no sooner arrived home than the phone rang.
-> No sooner had I arrived home than the phone rang
2.1 had hardly arrived home when the phone rang
=> Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang
1 She just had time to put up her umbrella'before the rain came down in torrents
“> No sooner had she put up her umbrella than the rain came down in torrents
2 She had hardly begun to speak before people started interrupting her
=> Hardly had she begun to speak when people started interrupting her
VII ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI "NOT UNTIL"
Not until/till (then/later) Not until/till + Clause + Au + s + V Eg: He couldn't speak until he was 8
=> Not until he was 8, could he speak
= It was not until he was 8 that he could speak
VIII ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI "NOT ONLY BUT ALSO"
Not only + Au + s+ V, but also
Not only + tobe + s + N/adj, but also Eg: He is not only good at English but he can also draw very well
-> Not only is he good at English but he can also draw very well
IX ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI "NOWHERE"
Nowhere + Auxi + S + V Eg: You won't find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones
=> Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones
- Nowhere do I feel as comfortable as I do at home
X ĐẢO NGỮ VỚI SO/SUCH
1, Đảo ngữ với So
So + adj/adv + Au + s + that + clause Eg: He worked so hard that he forgot his lunch
=> So hard did he work that he forgot his lunch
The play is so popular that the theatre is likely to be full every night
=> So popular is the play that the theatre is likely to be full every night
2 Đảo ngữ với Such:
Such + Be + Noun + that + clause Eg: She is so beautiful that I can't take my eyes off her
-> Such is her beauty that I can't take my eyes off her
Her grief is so great that she almost fainted
=> Such is her grief that she almost fainted
XI ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1 Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại I.
If+ s + (should)+ V, s + will + v.inf
=> Should + s + v.inf, s + will + v.inf Eg: If he comes, I'll call the police
=> Should he come, I'll call the police
2 Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại II
• Câu có động từ tobe:
If s + were + , s + would + v.inf
=> Were + s + , s+ would + v.inf
Trang 5Eg: If I were you, I wouldn't do that.
=> Were I you, I wouldn't do that
• Câu dùng động từ thường:
If s + v.ed, s + would + v.inf
=> Were + s + to v.inf, s+ would + v.inf Eg: If I knew Portuguese, rd speak to Ronando
=> Were I to know Portuguese, rd speak to Ronan do
3 Đào ngữ trong câu điều kiện loại III
If + s + had P2, s + would have P2
=> Had + s + P2, s + would have P2 Eg: If he had trained hard, he would have won the match
=> Had he trained hard, he would have won the match
Lưu ý; Với những câu điều kiện phủ định, khi đảo ngữ ta để NOT sau chủ ngữ.
Eg: If I hadn't seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it
=> Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it
XI ĐẢO NGỮ SAU CÁC CỤM TRẠNG TỪ CHỈ PHƯƠNG HƯỚNG VÀ VỊ TRÍ
Khi câu bắt đầu bằng một cụm trạng từ, đặc biệt là trạng từ chỉ phương hướng và vị trí thì nội động từ thường được đảo lên trước chủ ngữ Cách đảo ngữ này được sử dụng đặc biệt trong văn phong trang trọng hoặc văn chương
(Place)+ V + S Eg: Here comes the train
Above the fireplace was a portrait of Lenin
On the table sat the cat
Up went the price
In an armchair sat his mother
Lưu ý:
• Động từ TOBE thường được sử dụng trong dạng đảo ngữ này, ngoài ra ta còn dùng các động từ chuyên động như "climb, come, fly, go, hang, lie, run, sit, stand.,/''
• Thường chi dùng dạng đảo ngữ này khi động từ ở thì quá khứ đơn giản
• Trong trường hợp đảo ngữ này, không sử dụng trợ động từ như trong câu hỏi mà dùng trực tiếp động từ đặt trước chủ ngữ
Không thực hiện đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là đại từ
PRACTICE (chữa trong video)
Choose the best answer
1 On the hill
A does a big pine tree stand B.a big pine tree stands
C stands a big pine tree D a big pine tree stand
2 , a large area of sea would be contaminated
A Did the chemical to leak B Were the chemical leak
C Were the chemical to leak D Should the chemical leak
3 _ an emergency arise, dial 999
4 Hardly had we turned on the 'IV _the electricity went out
A than B when
C after D that
Trang 65 Such a soft voice _ that veryone likes her.
A she has B does she has
C she have D does she have
6 Were the government interest rates, they would lose the election
A to raise B raised C raising D raise
7 Down for three days
A the rain poured B did the rain pour
C poured the rain D do the rain pour
8 Henry, I might not have met you
A Had it not for B Hadn't it for
C Had it not been for D Hadn't it been for
9 So heavy _that all the trains had to be cancelled
10 No sooner than they started to argued
A has they got married B did they got married
C had they got married D had they got marry
11 Not until it was too late _ to call Sue
12 Scarcely had Alan arrived in Mexico _ he was arrested
13 Not until he got home _ that he had lost the key
A did he realize B does he realize
14 _ had we left the house than it exploded
15 Not until _ did he feel healthy again
A Andrew stops smoking B does Andrew stop smoking
C Andrew stopped smoking D did Andrew stop smoking
XII BÀI TẬP LUYỆN TẬP CÂU ĐẢO NGỮ
1 Never _ me again
C she won't loved D she will love
2 Not only _ but she is also very intelligent
A she is beautiful B beautiful she is
C is she beautiful D beautiful is she
3 No sooner _out than it rained
4 Seldom the guitar
5 Hardly a word whether son came back
Trang 7A couldn't she say B she could say
6 Often a meeting
7- Many a time _ he wants to marry me
8 Only at weekend _ my kids to Water Park
9 So old _ that she couldn't dance
10 _ here yesterday you would have met me
11 On the battle field
A the tanks did lie B the tanks lay
C did the tanks lie D lay the tanks
12 At no time _ greater opportunities
A did women had B has women had
C does women have D have women had
13 Not once _ into her eyes
A he looked B does'he looked
14 has the work been so easy
15 Nowhere such cooperative staff
A you can find B you found
16 Only once late to school
17 Never before _ in an earnest attempt to resolve their differences
A have the leaders of these two countries met
B the leaders of these two countries have met
C have the leaders of these two countries meet
D met the leaders of these two countries
18 Not only at the post office, at the grocery store
A does Mary work/but she also works
B works Mary/but she also works
Trang 8C does Mary work/but does she also work
D works Mary/but does she also work
19 Seldom a newspaper
20 No sooner the house than the phone started to ring
A had she entered B she had entered
21 Only by saving money a house
22 Not even once the truth
23 Not until , does it begin to exhibit signs of independence from its mother
A a monkey is several years old B is a monkey several years old
C did a monkey several years old D do a monkey be several years old
24 No sooner than he begins to be washed
A is a human being bom B was a human being born
C a human being bom D a human being had been bom
25 Not only beautiful but she is graceful as well
26 Seldom treated like that
27 Over there the shop that sells souvenirs
28 Never before such a disaster
29 Only if I had known the difference, the more expensive car
A would I bought B I would have bought
C would I buy D would I have bought
30 No longer _ any pleasure to do this job
A I do have B do I have
31 Only once a day _ home
32 Out _when the bell rang
A did the children run B ran the children
C run the children D do the children run
Trang 933 Many a time _ this mistake.
34 Nowhere else _
35 Never _ the exact cause of earthquakes
A scientists have discovered B did scientists discover
C do scientists discover D have scientists discovered
36 Only when at home, her children
37 Not a penny me
A did he give B he gave
C he has given D he has gave
38 No longer women bear a lot of children
A does B did
C doing D do
39 Among them several sacks of white flour
A was B is
C be D are
40 On a hill in front of them a great castle
A standing B stands
C to stand D stood
41 "This store has such high prices."
"I agree Never again _here."
42 "Is this machine often in need of repair?"
"No, problems to arise."
A seldom don't we expect B we expect seldom
C seldom we expect D seldom do we expect
43 "I can't see the stage very well from here."
“ _”
A Neither can't I B Neither I can
C I can't neither D Neither can I
44 "This is one of the oldest trees in the world."
" such a big tree."
A Never I have seen B I haven't never seen
C Never have I seen D I have seen never
45 Not until the early 1900s, to vote in the united States
Trang 10A women were allowed B were women allowed
C they allowed women D when women were allowed
46 Only recently _ a favourite sport in the United Stales
A has jogging become B has become jogging
C when jogging became D as jogging has become
47 "What happened to Jean' new car?"
"No sooner it than someone ran into her."
48 _a higher concentration of people than in Tokyo and Mexico City
A Nowhere there is B Nowhere there is
C Nowhere is there D Nowhere there ins't
49 did Jerome accept the job
A Only because it was interesting work,
B Because it was an interesting work,
C Only because it was interested work,
D The work was interesting,
50 "I would like to apply for the sales position you advertised"
"I'm sorry No longer _ applications for that position."
51 "Did you like your trip to Niagara Falls?"
"It was beautiful Hardly ever _ such a spectacular sight."
52."Can children swim in this pool?"
"Yes However, at no time _ alone."
A shouldn't they swim B they should swim
C should swim they D should they swim
53 Only during the early twentieth century, _ in the United States
A liquor was prohibited then B that liquor was prohibited
C when liquor was prohibited D was liquor prohibited
54 "I don't like this tossed salad very well."
"Nor _."
55 Not only _, but he also plays the piano and writes his own songs
A does Billy Joel sing B Billy Joel sings
C If Billy Joel sings D what Billy Joel sings
56 Nowhere _ more prevalent than in warm, swampy places
57 Only when the ground is kept moist _ germinate
A grass seeds will B will grass seeds