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Trang 2This British Standard, having
been prepared under the
direction of the Electrotechnical
Sector Committee, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Committee and comes
into effect on 15 May 2000
BSI 05-2000
ISBN 0 580 34821 0
Amendments issued since publication
National foreword
This British Standard is the official English language version of EN 12495:2000.Reference should also be made to BS 7361, Code of practice for land and marineapplications, which will eventually be withdrawn when all the CEN standardsrelating to cathodic protection currently being prepared, are published
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical CommitteeGEL/603, Cathodic protection, which has the responsibility to:
Ð aid enquirers to understand the text;
Ð present to the responsible European committee any enquiries on theinterpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed;
Ð monitor related international and European developments and promulgatethem in the UK
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on request toits secretary
Cross-references
The British Standards which implement international or European publicationsreferred to in this document may be found in the BSI Standards Catalogue under thesection entitled ªInternational Standards Correspondence Indexº, or by using theªFindº facility of the BSI Standards Electronic Catalogue
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of acontract Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.
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- in-service conditions including fatigue from wave loading and extreme weather conditions
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