NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG NGA

NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG NGA

K H KAHAAOBA

E E HH 3ĐAHAEBIHH

OPAKTUUECKAA _TPAMMATHKA -

— AHTJIHHCKOTO _ H8BIKA

C VIIDa?KEKHCHHiIMH H EK7IKONqNAMH

Knes METOHMKA

2003 r

IIPEHHCJIOBHE

HacTogIM yHeỐHWK HO TpAMMATHK€ AHT/JHÍCKOTO 3bIKa, H€ONHOKPATHO

IIOIB€PTABIIMHCđ 3HAa4WT€JbHOÚ IepepAỐoTK€ W pACLHIIDEHHIĐ, ABJIAeTCA B Ha- CTÒII€© BDeMđ HAHỐOJIee COB€PIIeHHBIM IOCOỐN€M IO IpAKTHUu€CKOỦ TpAMMA- THKe AHT/JIMÄCKOTO #3bIKA, HO/Ib3VIOHIMCđ CP€HWH VHAHIWXCH CTAPIIHX KJIACCOB CD€IHHX HIKOJ, CTY€HTOB W HD€IIOI2BAT€/I€l 3ACJIYXKGHHbIM aBTOPHTeTOM H Mo- NYJIAPHOCTbIO

B yueOHuKe /IAHO CHCTEMATHHeCKO€, HOJIHO© OHHCAHH€ FpAMMATHueCKOTO CTpOđ COBD€M€HHOTO AHT/JIMỦCKOTO Ø3biKâ KâK WCTODHH€CKH CJIOMKMBIUeHCA CH- CTeMbI OpM, pACKPBITO 3HAaH4€HH€ 2THX (OPM W OHHCAHbI CJIÿWAH WX VHOTp€Ố- JIeHWs Tloco6ve oxBaTbiBaeT BCe ABJICHHA, OTHOCALIMeECH K MOP(OJIOrMU H CHH- TâKCHCV COBDeM€HHOTO AHT/JIHlCKOTO 83bIKA

llpH OỐbHCH€HWM A3bIKOBOrO MaTepHasla H đĐABHJI 2HT/IHỦCKOH TpAMMATHEH,

KOTOPHI€ W3/1AFA!IOTCđ HpOCTBIM, HOXOHWHBbIM 53bIKOM, aBTOPbl BbIZeNAIOT OCO- 6€HHOCTH, XapaKkTepHble MIA TDâAMMATHH€CKOTO CTpOđ AHTJMÏCKOTO AB3bIKa, U CTpDeMWTCđ IPOBOHHTb COIOCTAB/IHH€ € DYCCKHM 3bIKOM BO/IbIIOe BHHMAHWe Y]€/II€TCđ IeDp€BOHY € 2HT/HỦCKOTO đ3bIKAa Hã DYCCKHỦ, WHOTHA € DYCCKOTO Ha

AHTJIHCKHỦ, TêeX HJIH HHBIX TpAMMATHH€CKHX KOHCTDYKUHH

ÂBTOPpBI KHIHTH IP€JH/JATAIOT CHCTeMY VIPAXH€HHỦ, HaIH€/eHHV1O Ha (ODMH- POBAHH€ HABbIKOB IPAKTHU€CKOTO BJ131€HHđ' F[DAMMATMHECKHM MAT€DHAJOM B pequ B yqdeỐHwKe faetca ỐO/Iblloe KOJIIQ€CTBO DA3HOOỐPA3HbIX VIIDAXHe€HHỦ- 341AHHÏỦ IPpAKTHUeCKH Ha BCe rpaMMaTHYeCKHe TeMbI (TekyllHe HW OỐ3ODHH©), YTO NOSBOAeT OGeCIIeUHTb HHTCHCHBHY!WO H BCeECTOPOHHIOIO TpeHHpOBKy Tex WJIM MHbIX PTpaMMaTHYeCKHX PopM MH KOHCTPyKuUH

K yueOHMKy MpHJlaraeTcA CNPaBOYHHK-K/OY K yipaxKHeHHAM HH p2316/1AM,

HTO OỐ@CH€HHBA€T BO3MOXKHOCTb 2(€KTHBHOTO CAMOKOHTPOJS VUAHIHXCS Ha 2TạIe TDeHHDOBKH

VHeỐHWX €COJ€PXXHT VHWB€DCA/IbEHHIH CIpABOHNHBIÏH AHIApAT: TAỐ.1IHHHI HO €70-

BOOỐPA30B2HHIO, /HHHBIM H H€JIHHHBIM ODMAM TJIATO/1A, BHHAM HAâKJIOH€HMS, a TAKX© CIHCKW H€IP2BHUIbHbIX TJIATO/OB, HAHỐO/Iee VHOTDEỐMT€UIbHbIX ID€/J10- TOB, COIO30B, COIO3HEIX CJIOB H HApeHHl, C/lyKallHX MIA COPMMHEHHA Mpewioxe-

HHỦ, MHOTOWHC/J€HHEI€ TAỐ/IHLBI, CXeMBI, MOISJIH H HP

TIlo HeIOMV pSAY TpAMMATHH€CKHX T€M, TDAaHHHHOHHO CHHTAIOIIHMMCđ TDYN- HĐMH /JIH M3VHQAIOIHIX aHIVIMHCKHM A3bIK (apTHKIb, COCJIAFAT€JIbHO€ HAKJO- HeHve), B yueOHHKe 1AIOTCI M€TOHU€CKH€ VK33AHHfđ IDAKTHU€CKHe DeKOMeH- AHHH B OTHOILIeHWH IOpØ5KA đX MpoxomwKeHHA Tak, HaNpuMep, peKoMeHyAyeTcA H© IPOXOHHTb COC/IATAT€JIbHO€ HAK/IOH€HH€ KâK O0IHÿ TDAMMATHH€CKVĐ TeMY, a OTHOCHTb pa3/IHYHble CNOCOObI BbIPaKeHHA COCJIATAaT€/JIbHOTO HAKJIOH€HMã K Co- OTBeETCTBYIOLUMM THMaM IpJJ103K€HHỦ, B KOTODBIX OHH yNoTpeb6IAOTCA, MepeHo-

Cđ, TAKHM OỐPA30M, HIpOXOX/IeHWHe€ COCJIATAT€/bHOTO HAKJIOH€HHã H3 MODO10- THM B CHHTAKCHC P4361 Xe «COC/IATAT€IbHO€ HAKIOHeHH€» pekomMensyeTca IDOXO/MTb HOC/JI€ TOFO, KâK ÿCBO€HbI BC© CJIYHAW ©TO YIOTD€ỐI€HMä

-TlpenaraeMẫ KHHra Np€ICTABIØ€T COỐỌ đocoỐWe HO HOpMaTHBHOH rpam-

MATWK€ COBD€M€HHOTO AHTJHÏCKOTO đ3BIKA, ID€HH23HAq€HHO€ 1đ CTYH€HTOB BY30B, IpeIIOABATe7el

Kuura MoxKeT ỐHTb MCHOJb30BAHA KâK CAaMOCTORT€JIbHHIH yHeỐHHK HO Ốa30-

BOMV KVDCY AHT/JIHÄCKOTO đ3bIKa

IIpenaraeMHH yWeốHWK #BJI€TCH H€OỐXOHMMBIM HOCOỐM€M JWI BCeX cne-

IWHAJHCTOB, B@/JYIHHX fea Cc HHOCTPaHHbIMH NapTHepamu Ero oTmMuaeT sc- HOCTb H JOCTYNHOCTb H3/10%KeCHHA, NOSTOMY OH OPHeEHTHPoBaH UH Ha LIIHDOKHỦ Kpyr 4HTaTeseH

3Ke/aeM BAM ÿCIeXã B H3yq€HWNW AHT1HĂCKOB rpaMMaTuku!

MOPOOJIOTHH

HJACTH PEHH

Bce c10BA H€JđTCđ Ha pA3DđHbI, HA3biBAeMbie HACTđMM peuH COBA OTHO-

cCATCA K TOM UMM HHOH qaCTH DeuH B 34BWHCHMOCTH OT CJ6H1VIOIMWX HDH3HAKOB:

1) cpoero 3HayeHua, 2) yHKHHM B ID€H/IOKeHMH, 3) OpM €/IOBOOỐPpA30BAHHä (cydb@wxcoB) H 4) OpM CJIOBOH3Me€H€HMđ (TDAMMATMH€CKMX OKOHUAHHÌ)

B aHTIHlCKOM đ3biKe (ŒODMBI €/IOBOOỐPA30BAHHđ H CJIOBOH3MeHeHHA OYeHb AaCTO He đB/JI1IOTCđ HIDH3HAKAMH, OTJIHUAIOHHMH OHHY âCTb p€HH OT JIDpVTOl, TIOCKOJIbKY OTDOMHO€ KOJIMH€CTBO AHT/JIMHCKMX CJOB He HM€€T XâaDAKT€DHBIX CV(- (ŒKCOB, YKa3bIBalOWWMX Ha HX NpHHasMeKHOCTb K TOH WIM HHOH YacTH peyH, a

KOJMHECTBO TDAMMATMH€CKMHX OKOHHAaHHỦ KpAaÏHe OTDAHHUMEHO

Pa3wdaIO0TCđ c€J161VIOIHWe€ HACTH D€HH:

1) WMs cyHIeCTBHT€/IbHOe (the Noun)

(the Preposition)

(the Conjunction)

(the Interjection) CyIIeCTBWHT€JIbHO€, HDpH/IAaTAT€/IbHO€, HHCJIHT€JbHO€, M€CTOHM€HH©, aro W HApeHWe€ ãB/I8IO0TCI 3HâM€HAT€/IbHbIMH (CAMOCTOđT€JIbHbBIMH) YaCTAMH D€HH OHW OỐ03HA4AIOT HD€IM€TBI, HX KAWeCTBA, IefCTBMđ H T.H WH ABAAIOTCA WleHa-

MM ID€IJIOXeHHq ÏÏpenOTW W COIO3bl 8BJIHIOTCä CJIÿK€ỐHBbIMH HACTđMH D€-

uv OHH IOKA3blIBAfOT pA43/HUHbI€ OTHOIIeHHđ M€X/IV H/I€HA3MM HD€/IO3K€HHS WIM HD€/JI0X€HWMSMH, HO CAMW H€ đBJIđIOTCđ H/IÊHAMM HD€J103K€HMS

MexIoMeTHã He OTHOCđTCđ HH K 3HAM€HAT€/IbHBIM, HH K CJY3KeỐHbIM HácC- TđM D€HH, HOCKOJbKY OHW OTJHHAIOTCđ CBOWM 3HAH€HHe€M H: 'ynRuuel B ID€T- JIOGHWW KâK OT TeX, TAK H OT ApyrHx .

MMA CYWLECTBHTEJIBHOE (THE NOUN)

OBLIME CBEHEHM%

§ 1 l WMeHeM CyUIeCTBHT€/IbHbIM HA3biBA€TCñ HACTb D€eHH, KOTOpaã OỐO3-

HadaeT IpenMeT lÏpenMeTOM B rpaMMaTHKe Ha3bIBaloT BC€ TO, O HÊM MOXKHO cnpocwTb: who is this? kmo 2mo? nnn what is this? wmo amo?2 Hanpumep: who

is this? Kmo mo? — a man 4e208@K, a girÌ Ô@80%Kd, an engineer /H2@Hep;

- Wwhat is this? wmo amo2 — a house 0o, wheat nưaeHuuad, darkness eHoma,

work pa6boma

2 WiMeHa CVyLIeCTBHT€JIbHbI€ OỐbI1HO COIDOBOXXIAIOTCñ ApTHKJIRMH HH Apy- THMH OID€J€/JIHT€JINMH W qACTO COU€TAIOTCf € ND€HJIOTAMH ÂpTHKJH H RDYyTHe OIP€/I67HT€JIH, a TAKKE MpeANOrH ABMAIOTCA NPH3HaKaMH CYUIECTBHTeMbHOTO: a

table, the table cmou; this book ama Kxuea; my pencil mod Kapaxdaw; in the room 6 Komxame; with sugar c caxapom

3 MMeHa CylleCTBUTeIbHble HMelOT /IBâ HHCJIA4: ©@IHHCTBÊHHO€ H MHO-

ecTBeHHoe: a table (en 4.) cmoa, tables (MH q.) cmo2pi; a book (en 4.) KHuea, books (MH 4.) KHUêU

4 Wmena cyllecTBHTebHble HM€IOT BA H4/eX4: OỐUHỦ MU HpHTñX%a-

TeJIbHBIM: Worker (oốttwl nanex), Worker's (TpMTãaTe1bHHlH nanex*); lather

(oốmwñ nagex), father’s (npuTaxaTeIbHbI magex)

5 Po HMeH CYWIECTBHTe/IbHbIX B AHIIMHCKOM ASbIKe oMpesesmeTca He op-

MOH cyIoBa, a ero 3Ha4ueHHeM FÏM€HA CVLIECTBHT€/JbHBI, OỐO3HAHAIOLHHe 0JY-_

WeBeCHHbIe MpeAMeThI, 6bIBAIOT MYKCKOFO WIM KMEHCKOLO posa, B 3aBH- CHMOCTH oT o6o03Ha4YaeMoro HMA Mola: a man (MyXcKoH pon) my2t4uHa, a woman (%keHCKHH pod) 2@HU4uHgd lÏMeHa CVUIeCTBHT€JbHBI, OỐO3HAWaIOIINe HeOAYUWeBJeHHbIC MpeAMeTH, OTHOCATCA K CpeAHEMY pONV: â a chair cmyA, water 8oda, a window okxo

6 WMeHa cyulecTBUTeNbHBIe ObIBaloT TpocTble, HPOH3BOHHB©€ HU CNOMKHbIE

K ñpOCTBIM WM€HAM CVHI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM OTHOCWTCñ CYLHIECTBHT€JIbHbI€, He JM€IOIHWe B CBOeM COCTaB€ HH npeWKcoB, Hw cyWkcos: ship opaốz, town

2opod, book KHuea, Wheat nuieHuud

K ñpOMH3BOHHBIM WM€HaM CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHbBM OTHOCNITCH CVHICTBHT€/b-

Hble, HM€IOHIH© B CBO€M COCTAB€ CV((ÙWHKCHI M7 HD€(PHKCbI, HH OHHOBDeM€HHO

M Te 4 gapyrve: darkness TemHoTa, misprint oneyaTKa, unemployment 6e3pa-

ỐoTHua

K Hanốo7ee XapAKTepHbIM cybbHKcaM IPOW3BOHNHHBIX CYHI€CTBHT€JIbHHX OT-

HOCATCH:

-ance, -ence: resistance COIDOTHMBJICHH©, difference pa3Hwna

-hood: childhood zercrso, neighbourhood coceycTso

-ion: restriction orpaHMueHne, connection CBA3b

-ment: development passuTue, government npaBuTerbcTBo -ness: happiness cuactse, kindness mro6esHocTb

-ship: leadership pyKOBOTCTBO, friendship npy;kốa

CylleCcTBUTeJIbHbIC MOUTH He HM€EOT XâpAKT€pHBX npeHKcos IlpebwKcbl CYLI€CTBHT€GJbHbBIX B OCHOBHOM COBHAHAIOT € Ip€WKCAMH T7ATO/OB H HIDH/JIATA- T€/bHBIX, TAK KAK OHH BCTD€HAIOTCH [JI4BHBIM OỐPA3O0M B CYLIeCTBHT€/IbHHIX,

OỐPpA30BAHHBIX OT 2THX YacTeH peuH: reconstruction peKoHcmpuKuus, điSar- mament pasopystenue, uneasiness 6ecnoxolicmeo, inequality nepaeencmeo

K caAOKHBIM ñMeHäM CVUICTBHT€/IbHBIM OTHOCfñTCñ CVUIỆCTBHT€/IbHbI€, OỐ- pa3OBaHHble H3 COe@AMHEHHA ABYyX CJIOB B ofHo OHM MHLIYTCA CAMTHO WAH Ye- pes mgeduc (qepTouKy): bedroom cnaabya, newspaper zasema, dining-room Cm0208đ4 [eKoTOpbie CJIOXHble CYUICTBHT€/IBHBI COCTOñT H3 HNBVX CI0B C IP€7/IOTOM M€XXIY HñMH: commander-in-chief 2288HOKOMAHÔWIOUj, mother-in-

laW c82Kp0O8b, meudd

(CM npH/1oeHwe | — T 2, cTp 86)

Ÿ WM€HA CVLIeCTBMT€/IbHbIG MOTYT VIOTPp€Ố./IñTbCfØ B HD€J/I0K€HHH B (yHK-

LH:

a) Monmemawmero:

The train leaves at six o’clock lloe3n OTXO/MT B HI€CTb HACOB

6) HM@HHOỦ 4acTH cocTaBHoro cKa3yeMoro:

B) RONOMHeEHUA (MpAMoro, Ố€CIP€J/7IOXHOTO KOCBÊHHOTO HM ID€//IOXHOFTO

KOCB€HHOTO):

I’ve received a telegram Al nonyamn tenerpammy

We've sent the buyers a letter MbI HOC7IA7IM IOKVHAT€7IHM HHCbMO

TH speak to the manager Sl moroBpopio C 3aB©HY1OLIMM

r) onpeneweHHa:

This is the manager’s room OTO KOMHaTa 3aBezyIOWero

H) OỐCTORT€/IbBCTBA:

There is a hospital in the village VU nepeBHe 1MeeTCã OonbHuua

CYMECTBUTEJIBHbIE COBCTBEHHbBIE H HAPHHATEJIBHBIE

§ 2 WweHa cyLleCTBMT€/IbHbie MenaTca Ha co6cTBeHHbIe (Proper Nouns)

ä HapuuatesbHbIe (Common Nouns)

1 Co6cTBeHHble HMeHa CYLIECTBUTeIbHbIe OG6O3HAYAIOT IP€IM€THI H 8B-

JI@HHA, ©€1ñHHCTBeHHbIe B CBoeM pone: the Volga Bouea, the Caucasus Kaexas,

London Jlondon, the French Revolution ®panyyscKkaa pesoaroyua K co6- CTB€HHbBIM HMeHaM CYLICCTBHTeIbHbIM OTHOCATCA TakxKe JIMUHbIe UMeHa: Peter TTemp, John Smith Zacon Cuum

B aHT/IHÄCKOM A3bIKe K CO6CTBeHHBIM HM@HAaM CYUIECTBUTEIbHbIM OTHOCATCA TakxKe Ha3BaHHA AHeH HU MecaeB: Sunday eocxpecenve, May mai

Co6cTBeHHbie HMeHa CYLIeECTBHUTeJIbHbIe MHWYTCA € IpOIMCHOỦ ỐVKBHI ECJ18 co6cTBeHHOe HMA CYIeCTBUTebHoe MpencTaBAeT COGOH coueTaHve HeCKO/b- KHX CJIOB, TO BCe CJIOBa, 34 HCKJIOYeHHEM apTHKeH, ID©HJIOTOB H C0I030B, HH- IHYTcq € nponwcHol 6yxBpl: the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Cows Co- eemckux Coyuaaucmuueckux Pecny6aux, the Atlantic Ocean Amszanmuue- cxuti Oxean, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Coe-

Ounennoe Koponeecmeo BeauKoốpumaHuu ú CesepHoú Hpaanduu

2 HapwIaT€/IbHbI€ HM€HA CVHI€CTBHT€/IbHbI€ IP€JICTAB/ISIOT CoỐol 06- lee Ha3BaHHe AIA BCeX O0IHODORHBIX ID€NM€TOB: a boy #đ2p%úK, a countTY cmpana, a house dom, a river pexa

K HApHILAT€/IbHbIM HM€HAM CVIII€CTBHT€JIbHBIM OTHOCSTCS:

3) WM€HA CYLI€CTBHT€/IbHBI©, OỐO3HAWAIOIIH€ OT1@/IbHbie ID@NM€TbI — a

book Kxuea, books Kxueu, a boy mano4uK, boys mManb4uuKu, — a TakKe HMeHa

CYUIECTBHTeIbHbie, O6o3HaYyaloumMe TpyNNb AHW HH KHBOTHBIX, DACCMAT- PHBaeMble KaK OfHO lWeloe (cyllecTBUTebHbIe COOKpaTebHbIe,— Collective Nouns) — a family cemoan, families cemou, a crowd moana, crowds mounot, a herd cmado, herds cmada;

6) HM€HA CYULIeCTBHT€/IbHBIS, OỐO3HAHAIOIHW€ p43/IMMHBI B@ileC€TBA (cy-

HIeCTBHT€/IbHHIS BeieCTBeHHbBIe — Material Nouns): water soda, steel cman,

wool wepcmp;

B) HM€HA CVII€CTBHT€/IbHBI€, OỐO3HAW2IOLI€ IDH3HAKM, AeHCTBHA, CO-

(cyleCTBHTeJIbHble oTBIeyeHHble — Abstract Nouns): honesty #ecmHocmo,

bravery xpa6pocm», darkness memxoma, love sm60e, work paboma, sleep

con, Winter 3uma, history ucmopua, music my3biKa

CyHIECTBHT€JIbHBI€ HCUHCIAeMbIe H HEHCUMCIAeEMBbIe

§ 3 Umena cyulecTBUTe/IbHble HapHUaTe/IbHble MOMKHO pa3sfe/IMTb Ha Be TpynTH: |) HcqwcJ7êeMBI€ CVLI€CTBHT€JIbHBH€ W 2) HeHCHHC/Iñ€MBI€ CY-

LI€CTBWT€ư/IbHBI€

l K wcuucanemMbiM CYLWIeCCTBHTeJIbHbIM OTHOCHTCH Ha3BaHHA TIpeAMeTOB, KOTOPble MOMKHO IIeD€CHWHTATE Ouxuu VIoTpeố.I1!IOTcê KaK B CAHHCTBEHHOM, TaK H BO MHOKe€CTBEHHOM NHC/I€:

I have bought a book

I have bought two books

There is a library in this street

There are very many libraries in

Moscow

#Ï KYHM2I KHMTV

Al KYM 1B KHHTUH

Ha oTom yuuue umeetca OuOmnoTeKAa

B Mocwse oueHb mHOro 6u6nmoTeK

2 K HEHCYHCAACMBIM CYLICCTBUTe/IbHEIM OTHOCATCA Ha3BaHHA MpesMe- TOB, KOTODHIE H€/Ib3Ø I€peCuHTATb HHM IDHHAHJI€XAT CVILI€CTBHT€/IbHH© B@IIeCTB€HHBI€ H OTB/IeYeHHble CyllecTBUTeJIbHble HeHCUMC/IAeMble VIIOTpeỐ- JIAIOTCH TOJIbKO B ©€1HHCTB€HHOM HHC/I€:

Coal is produced in many districts of

He carried a brick (two bricks) in

each hand

Cp.: Our house is built of brick

The boy threw a stone (two stones)

into the water

Cp.: The ground was as hard as stone

OH H€C KMPHMW (Ba KHPHMuA) B KA2K- HOU pyke

Haut 70M nocrpoeH “3 KHDHWHA

Mazpuuk Opocun KaM€Hb (BA KaM-

HH) B BO/YY

Semana Oblma TB€p/IA, KaK KaMHb

CywlecTBUTe/IbHble BeluecTBeHHble MOFyT ynotTpe6/1ATbea, Kak H B pyCCKOM ñ3hKe, /J1ñ OỐO03HadqeHMêØ P33HHX CODTOB H BH/1O0B B€LHIeCTBA MB 3T0M c/iyqae OHH Take NepexXoAAT B HCHHC/II€MBI€ CVIHI€CTBHT€/IEHBI€:

It is a good wine

_ He prefers Caucasian wines to Cri-

mean wines

We export lubricating oils

OTO XOpoLiee BUHO

OH HpEHHOHMTa€T KABKA3CKH© BHHA KpbIMCKMM,

Mb skcnopTupyem CMagO4UHBble Maca

§ 5 CyLUileCTBHTe/IbHbI€ OTB/ICHeHHBIS IeDeXOJñT B HCHHC/Iñ€MHI€ CVILIeCTBH- Te/IbHBI€, KOI1A WX 3HAd€HHeE KOHKDeTH3HDY€TCê:

He made a speech yesterday

His speeches are always interesting

Cp.: Animals do not possess the power

of speech

There are very many amusements in

the Park of Culture and Rest

Cp.: He does that for amusement

8

OH mpou3Hec Buepa ped

Ero peu Bcerga MHTepecHEI

JRUBOTHBIe He OOamaloT WapOM pen

B Ilapxe Kynpryppi uw Orgprxa OH€Hb MHOTO pA3B7Ie4€HUII

OH ñneaeT 3T0 DA pA3BJIeH€HIH.

Oốpa3osaHne MHOXXCCTBCHHOTO HHCJIA4 HMCH CVII€CTBHT€JIbHBIX

§ 7 IÍMeHa CVII€CTBMT€JIbHbI€ OỐPA3ÿ!OT MHOXX€CTB€HHO€ HHCJIO MyTeM NpH- ỐaB7eHMä K (ODM€ €IHHCTB€HHOFTO HHCJA OKOHHAHMđ -S, KOTOPOe MpOH3HOCHTCA KaK [Z] HOCJÊ 3BOHKMX COTJACHLIX H Nocme rlacHbIx H KâK [S] nNocme ray- XHX COT/ACHHIX:

shoe — ỐOTMHOK shoes [Ju:z]

§ 8 ỨÍMeHa CVyIIIeCTBMT€/IbHbI€, OKAHWHBAIOHIH€Cđ B ©IHHCTB€HHOM HNHC/JIe Ha -SS, -X, -sửh, -ch, T.© OKAHHHMBAIOLIHe€Cđ Ha CBMCTHIIHH HH LIHTNHIHB 3BVK, OỐPA3VIOT MHOXX€CTB€HHO€ HHCJO IYTeM IDHỐABJ€HWä OKOHHAHWS ~©S K OpMe Ê7MHCTB€HHOFO qWC7a QKOHUAHWe ~€S HIDOWH3HOCHTCđ KAK [12]:

class Ky1ace classes {'kla:siz]

dish 6mono | dishes _ ['difiz}

TIpnmewaHwe Kak [iz] npousnocutea TakxKe OKOHYaHHe MHOKecTBeHHOTO HHCJIA HM€H CY- LI@CTBHT€JIbHbIX, OKAHHHBAIOLiWđXCđ B €HHCTB€HHOM HHCJI€ W3 H€MO€ € ID€/NIIeCTBYILIelđ ỐyK- BOH §, C, Z, g, T.€ OKAHYMBAIOWIMXCA Ha CBHCTAWWHA WIM WHMALLMA 3ByK:

horse nowanb horses [Ƒha:siz]

§ 9 WMeHa CyLIeCTBHT€/IbHEBIS, OKAHHHBAIOHII€Cđ B CMHCTBEHHOM HHCJI€ Hà

~V C IpeHII€CTBV!OIelH COF/IACHOlH, OỐP33VOT MHOXXECTBEHHO€ HHC/JIO MyTeM TIDHỐaB/I€HMđ OKOHHAHMđ -€§, HDHH€M ÿ M€HS€TCđ Hà Í:

factory chaÕpwa factories

EcH e nepe1 ÿ CTOHT F71ACHAf, TO MHOK€CTB6HHO€ iCJIO OỐPA3VyeTCã 1o

OỐIHIeMV HIDABMJIY HÿyT€M IpHỐAB/IeHHđ -S HM 3T0M C7ÿHa€ ÿ He M€HI€TCđ HA Í:

§ 10 ỨiMeHa CyULI€CTBHT€/IbHBIS, OKAHHHBAIOHIHECä B ©€HHHCTB€HHOM HWCJe

HA -0, OỐPA3ÿIOT MHOXX€CTBeHHO€ HHCJIO HÿTeM HPpHỐAB/IEHHS -€S:

CyI€CTBHT€JIbBHB€ piano ?Øanuno Hu photo domoepagua o6pa3yloT MHO- X€CTBGHHO€ HWWCJIO HO OỐHI€MY IPABH.JIY, IDHHHMAR OKOHMAHW© =S: pianos, pho-

§ l1 ỨiMeHa CVLIeCTBWMT€/IbHbIS, OKAHHHBAIOHIHECñ B CXHHCTBEHHOM YHCJIe

Ha ~Ï, OỐPA3VIOT MHO3K€CTBE€HHO€ HHCJO HyT€M W3M€H€HHñ Ï Ha V HW nñpHỐaBBe-

HHA OKOHYAHHA -eS:

WiMeHa CVLI€CTBHT€/JIBHBH©, OKAHHHBAIMOIHHECH Ha -fe, OỐPA3VIOT MHO%e- CTB€GHHO€ HHC7IO NYTCM H3MeHeHHA fHavu IpHỐaB/EHMñä OKOHYAaHHA -S:

knife HOKX - - khnives; wife 3K€HA wives

OgHako HeKOTOpbie CYUIECTBHTeIbHbIe, OKAHYHBalOWIMeCA Ha -Ï u -fe, oốpa- 3YIOT MHOMKECTBEHHOE YHCJIO TObKO NYTeM MpH6aBJIeHHA OKOHYAHHA -S:

chief Haya JIbBHUK chiefs handkerchief TIIATOK handkerchiefs

CymjecTBuTembHoe Wharf npucmaxo umeeT IñB© (ODMbI MHOXCTB€HHOTO

unena: wharts, wharves

Oco6bie cIYHan 0ỐpA30BAHHf MHOJK€CTBCHHOTO 4NCIAa

HMeH CVHI€CTBHT€/JIbHbBIX

§ 12 HeKoTopbie HM€Ha CVLIeCTBHT€/IbHbI€ OỐDA3VIOT MHOXX€CTB€HHO€ HHC-

HO HỆ HYT€M IIDHỐ2AB/I€HHñ OKOHYAHHA -S, â IYTeM 3M€H€HHf KODHe€BHIX TJâC- HHX:

§ 13 CymectBuTembHoe ox [oks] 6o/K NpHHHMaeT BO MHOKECTBEHHOM HHCJ€ okoH¥aHHe -en: oxen ['oksan] CyuectautTembHoe child [tjaild] peốewoK umeet

BO MHOMKeCTBeHHOM yHcle dopmy children ['tfildran]

§ 14 Hexotopble ñM€HA CYLIÊCTBHT€/IbHbIS, 3AHMCTBOBAHHbI€ M3 rpeyecKoro

H JIATMHCKOTO Ø3bIKOB, COXDAHMJIH (ÌODMY MHOXK€CTB€HHOTO HWCJIA, KOTODYIO OHH HM€IOT B 9THX ñ3bIKAX:

datum ['deitam] HAHHAđ B€JIMHMHA đata [deita]

addendum [a’dendam] no6OaBneHue addenda [a’denda]

‘erratum [i'reitam] oumm6Ka (omeuaTKa) errata [1'rerta]

memorandum ['mema'rendam] MemopaHayM memoranda [‘meme’randa] phenomenon [fr’nominen] ABJICHUE phenomena [fi’nomina]

crisis [‘krarsis] - Kpusnc crises ['kratsi:z]

§ 15 CyuecTBuTembHoe penny nenc uMeeT (POpMY MHOXX€CTB€HHOTO WWCJ1A

pence, Kor/Ha pedb H/€T O TeHexKHOH cymMe Korga %e HM€IOTCñ B BHHY OT-

It costs eighteen pence : OTO CTOMT BOCCMHA/THATb I€HCOB Pennies are made of bronze ` — ]HÏÊHCbI (Te MOHETBI B OMH H€HC) Te-

JIA!OTCf W3 ỐDOH8BI

§ 16 CyUtecrswTe7ibHoe sheep 061/2 HMe€T 0NHÿ H TY Xe (ÌODMV JJ11 ©JNH- CTB€HHOTO ñ MHOXX€CTB€HHOTO HHWC/I3:

This collective farm has a great num- 2TOT KOJIXO3 uMeeT ỐO/IbIIO€ KOJI46-

10

§ 17 CyulecTBHTe/bHbile dozen ở/0Hd u score Osaduamb UMeWT OAHy U

TY Ke PopMy AVIA €HHHCTB€HHOTO H MHOXX€CTB€HHOTO HHC/13, CCIM OHM CTOAT Nlocle YACAUTeAbHEIX: two dozen eggs dee Oroxcuno: auy; three score (of)

years wecmodecam sem

Kora 9TH CYLUeCTBHTeJIbHbIe He COIDOBOXKIAIOTCđ HHCJINHT€/IbHBIMH, OHW 06- pa3ylOT MHOXX€CTB€HHO€ HHWC/JIO HO OỐIIêMY IDABHUJIY MmyTeM Mo6aBsIeHHA OKOH-

JAHWđ =S:

Pack the books in dozens, please

Scores of people were present at the

§ 18 CyLHiecTBHT€JIbHbile works 3a800 4 means cpedcmso HM€IOT ONHY H

TY %© ODMY /J11 ©€IHHCTB€HHOTO HH MHOXX€CTB€HHOTO HWHC/13:

A new glass works has been built

near the village

There are two brick works outside

the town

He found a means of helping them

Are there any other means of helping

OH HALIII€7I CD€CTBO HIOMOHb 1M

Ecrb au HDVTM© CD€HCTBA HOMOHE uM?

1 CyLIIeCTBHT€JbHbIe gate sopoma, sledge canu, watch, clock wacb:

ynoTpe61ioTrcđ KAK B €HHHCTB€HHOM, TâK H BO MHO3K€CTBÊHHOM HHCJ€, B OTIHHH€ OT DYCCKOFO

#3biKA, B KOTODOM COOTB€TCTBYIOIHH€E CYILL€CTBHT€/IbEHbI€ yn0Tpe6I#iOTc# TOJIBKO BO MHO3K€CTB€H- HOM HHCJ€:

The gate is open

All the gates were closed

My watch (clock) is slow

He has two watches (clocks)

Bopota OTKpbITbI

Bee sopota ObIJIM 3aKPbITBI

Mou acbi orcTaror

Y Hero ABoe 4acoB

2 CyHUleCTBHT€/bHble export u import ynorpe6msioTcA Kak B @HHCTBeEHHOM, TaK H BO MHO- XKECTBEHHOM 4HCe, B TO BPEMA Kak B PYCCKOM AS3bIKe COBa 9XCNOpm HM uMnopm yrloTpe6AIOTCH

TOJIbKO B Ê1HHCTBÊ€HHOM HHWC1J©

Export ứ impor( ynoTpeÕn#!OTcđ B (OpM€ MHOX(eCTB€HHOTO HHCIa — exports, im- ports, — Kora peub useT O KOMMUeCTBe HJM CTOHMOCTH BbIBe3CHHBIX HJIM BB@3CHHbIX TOBApoB: Soviet exports to China as well as Soviet

greatly increased

Copetckmm axcnopr B Kuta Tak sxe, KaK

Mu COBeETCKNMM MMMOPT MB 9TÓ CTDAHDI, 3H@aHWT€JIbHO YB€JIMWHWUICH,

Korga uMeeTca B BHHY IPOHCC BbIBO3A HJIH BBO3A, TO YNOTpe6AAlOTCA (POpMb! e WH HCTBeH- HOTo 4uHcAa — export u import:

That organization is engaged in the ex-

port and import of different machines

OTa ODTaHHA3ALIH aaHMMaeTCA ØKCHODTOM (BbIBOgOM) M MMTOpTOM (BBO30M) pa3- JMMHbIX MaLluivn

OG6pa30BaHHe MHOXKECTBEHHOLO HHCJIA CJIO3CHBIX

MM€H CYHI€CTBHT€.IbHbIX

§ 19, CoHbie CVLHIeCTBHT€/IbHbI, KOTODBI€ HHIIYTCH CJIHTHO, OỐDA3VIOT MHOXX€CTBGHHO€ HWCJIO HO HIDABH.IY, KOTODOMV HO/HHHđ€TCđ BTOPO€ CJI0BO, BXO-

HNWLHIe€e B WX COCTaAB:

B C/OXHbIX HM€HAX CYULeCTBUTeJbHbIX, KOTOpble MMWYTCA qepe3 Aeduc, OpMY MHOX€CTB€HHOTO YHCJa OGbIUHO MpHHHMaeT OCHOBHOe B CMBICJIOBOM OT-

mother-in-law Tella, CBEKPOBb _ mothers-in-law

ECNH MepBbIM CJIOBOM CJOXKHOTO CVUI€CTBHT€JIbHOTO ABAAeTCA cJIOBO man

HH Woman, TO 06a c/loBa NpHHHMaloT POpMy MHO3K€CTB€HHOTO HHCI:

woman-doctor 34©HIIMH8-BDbaAW women-doctors

MmMena CVIICCTBHT€JIbHEI©, YIOTp©ốØ1I8OHmä€C TOJIbKO

B €IHHCTBCHHOM HH”HC27I€

§ 20 B aHrHđCKOM Ø3bIK€, KâK H B DYCCKOM, HM€HA CVUI€CTBHT€JIbHbI€ He- HCUHC/JII€MBI©, T.© CVLI€CTBHT€/IbHbI€ B€II€CTB€HHBI WH OTBJI€H€HHbI€ OỐbIHHO YIOTP€Ố.IIOTCđ TO/IbKO B @1HHCTBeHHOM HHCJI€: Sugaf Caxứp, Ïron 2c@4630, love 210608», friendship dpyx6a

§ 21 CyuectsutenbHble advice cogem, cosemol, information ux@opma- yun, coobuenuA, CeedeHuA, progress ycnex, ycnexu, knowledge 3xanue, 3HQHUA YNOTpeOIAIOTCA TObKO B CHHCTBCHHOM UHCJe, MexKaY TEM Kak B pyc- CKOM ASbIKe COOTBETCTBYIOLIHe CYIIECTBHTeJIbHbIe MOryT YNOTpeOJATbCA Kak B

©IHHCTB€HHOM, TâK H BO MHOXX€CTB€HHOM HHCJI©:

He gave me some good advice OH 7371 MH€ H€CKOJIbKEO XOPOIHWMX COBG-

TOB

Iam satisfied with your progress Al YynOBJIETBOP€H BaIIIWMM ycrlexaMn

§ 22 CyLleCTBHT€/IbHO€ fI€WS HO80Cffib, HO8OCff“ ÿYIOTp€Ố/I8€TCđ CO 3Hawe- HHeM €đHHCTB€HHOTO HHCJIA, XOT1 H đM€€T (ÌODMY MHOXX€CTB€HHOTO HHCJ13:

§ 23 HaspaHua HayK, oKaHUMBalollHeca Ha -ics (mathematics, physics, phonetics 4 T.1.), ymoTpe61Al0TCA c€O 3HaW€HHeM ©IWHCTB€HHOTO HHCJAa, XOTf H HM€IOT ODMY MHOX%@CTB€HHOTO HHCJ4:

Phonetics is a branch of linguistics CĐoHeTMKa — OTH@/I JIHTBMCTMEM Mathematics forms the basis of many MatemaTuka cocTaBJIHe€T OCHOBY MHO-

§ 24 CyuleCTBHT€JbHbie money ởeHoeu u hair ư80420Cbi YIOTp€Ố.15IOTCS

TOJbKO B @QHHCTBEHHOM YHCJle, M@XKAY TEM KaK B PYCCKOM ABZbIKe COOTB€T- CTBVIOHIH€ CVLI€CTBHT€/IbHbi€ VHOTD©Ố/IOTCH TOJIbKO BO MHO3K€CTB€HHOM HMC- je:

This money belongs to him TH /I€HbTW HDUHâ//162KaT emy

IiIpumeuannue CyuiectButembHoe hair ynotpe6nseTca Kak B ©HHHCTBEHHOM, TaK H BO MHOKeCTBEHHOM 4Hce (B Ka4¥ecTBe CyLeCTBHTeJbHOTO HcuHcAmemoro) co 3HaqeHHeM: a haÏr øo- Aocox, hairs gonocku

§ 25 CymectsutenmbHoe vacation KaHuKyno ymoTpe6mAeTCA TOJIbKO B

©IHHCTB€HHOM UHCJle, MerxKay TEM KaK B PYCCKOM 3biK€ COOTB€TCTBVIIIe€ Cy- IUII€CTBHT€/IbHO€ VIIOTp€Ố/JI8€TCđ TO/IbKO BO MHO3K€CTBÊHHOM HHCJ€:

TOMbKO Tora, Koga Mepea HUM CTOHT HCJIHT€JbHO€:

We have two vacations a year JaHWKY/TBI ÿ HaC ỐbIBAIOT ABa pasa B

ron

§ 26 CymectButenbHoe fruit @pyxmo: ynotpe6aaeTca, B OTMHUHE OT pyc:

CKOTO A3bIKa, B €IHHCTB€HHOM HHC.I€:

12

Fruit is cheap in summer

We eat a great deal of fruit

Ppykrsi I€LI©BbI JI€TOM

Mob: equm MHOrO cbpyKTos

OƠNnHaKO J7 OỐO3H2H€HHH p33/HHHbIX BH1OB (DpYKTOB VIOTp€Ố/8€TCđ MHO- XX@CTBeHHO€ HHCJO Írul1{fs:

On the table there are apples, plums

and other fruits Ha CTO/I€ SỐHOEH, CNMBbI u HDYTH€ CŒDYKTHI (BU1BI ŒPYKTOB)

MMeHa CVH(€CTBHT€JIEHbI€, VHOTD€Ố.ISIOHIH€CW TOJIbKO

BO MHOKeCTBEHHOM HHCJ€

§ 27 B ayranickom a3bike, Kak H B pyCcCKOM, Ha3BaHHA MHOTHX HApPHBIX

MpeMeTOB YMOTpeOMAIOTCA TObKO BO MHOXKeCTBEHHOM 4HCJe: scissors HOH- HuYyol, trousers O6pioKu, spectacles ouxu, scales seco, tongs wunye:

These scissors are very sharp

Your trousers are too long

Where are my spectacles?

TH HO?KHMIIBI O€Hb OCTPBIe

Baum Ốp!OKW CJHILIKOM JIMHHĐI€ T0e Mou oun?

§ 28 B aHrIHHCKOM #3biK€ CYLIeCTBHT€JIbHHe© goods mosap, mosapot,

clothes oởe#cởa, stairs 2ecmnuua, arms op/2cue, riches Ốoeancmao, Õo- 2ammcmsa, proceeds ừ(pU⁄%K@ yHOTp€Ố.I8IOTCđ, B OTIHHH€ OT DYCCKOTO #3bIK4,

TOJIbKO BO MHOXX€CTBGHHOM HHC7€:

These goods have arrived from Len-

ingrad

His clothes were wet as he had been

caught in the rain

The stairs are steep

The arms were old

The proceeds on the sale of the goods

have been transferred to Moscow

2ror Topap (2TM TOBADpbI) HDMỐPIH(M)

M2 J[eHWHTpaHa

Ero 0/e?na ỐblJIa MOKpA, TAK KaAKE OH Mona Mod WOK Db

JlectHuya KpyTaa

Opy?me ỐbII0 cTapoe

BbipydKa 0T IDOHA2⁄/ T0BApa HepeBe- neHa s MlocKBV

§ 29 B aHrnHÏCKOM a3bike CyllecTBHTeJbHbIe Wages 3apabomnaa naama

uv contents codepacanue VIOTp€ỐSOTCW, KâK HPABHJO, BO MHOXK€CTBEHHOM

HC, M€XIY TM KâK B DYCCKOM đ3biKe COOTB€TCTBVIOHI© CYII€CTBHT€/IbHbI€ yHOTp€Ố/8IOTCđ T0/IbKO B ©€IHHCTBHHOM HHC/€:

His wages are high

The contents of the letter have not

been changed

lro aapaÕoTHậa IIJIAaTa BBICOKAd

COnEP?3XAHIM© HUCbMa H€ 113M€H€HO

§ 30 CymectsuTembHble potatoes Kapmoderb, onions 42/K, carrots MopKoéo, oats OBec yNoTpe6MAIOTCHA, B OTHE OT pycCKOrO A3bIKa, BO MHO-

*KCCTBEHHOM HHCJ€:

Potatoes are very cheap in autumn

Carrots are very healthy

Spanish onions are sweet

Oats are used as fodder for horses

1aprocbeJb O4©eHb /1©LI©BBIl OC©HbIO MOpKOBb OH€Hb IIO7I63HA

W{cnaHCcKMli nyK cJlaTKHĂ

Onec wcHOJIb3y€TCH B KaWeCTB© KODMaA HJIR notraneli

OnHako 9TH CYULeCTBHTe/IbHbIe MOryT ynoTpeOATbCA H B eMHHCTBeEHHOM yuce: a potato KapmowKa (odHa uwmyKa Kapmodean), an onion 4/KO8u-

ya, a carrot mopKosKa (O0UH KopeluoK MopKosu)

§ 31 CymecTBuTebHoe people zodu ynoTpe6neTcA co 3HaYeHHeM MHO- XX€CTB€HHOTO HHC/4:

There were very many people there Tam ỐbIIO ON€Hb MHOTO HADOXY (MHOTO

moyen)

CyulecTBuTeIbHoe people B 3HayeHHA HapoOd, HAYUA, ynOTpebAeTCA KaK B

©WHCTB€HHOM, T2K HH BO MHOXXGCTB€HHOM HHCJ©, IpHHHMaA BO MHO?KeCTBEHHOM yxucae dopmy peoples:

The Russian people is invincible ĐyccKul Hapon HeHoỐeTMM

Under the leadership of the Com- lon pYKOBOHCTBOM KOMMYHHCTMHeCKOl munist Party the peoples of the IapTMMH Haponbi: CCCP HOCTPOHUTM

MATE (CASE)

§ 32 B coppeMeHHOM aHTIHÏCKOM A3bIKe HMeeTCA ToJIbKo Ba MafexkKa: oốIiwuä nane» (The Common Case), He HM€IOIIMB CIelWA/IbHBIX OKOHHAHHä, H

IIpHTAKATeAbHBIM Name (The Possessive Case), HM€IOIIHH OKOHHAHHe -='S

O6muit nagex (The Common Case)

§ 33 Korga cytlecTBHTembHoe B OOLleM Mafexke ynoTpe6mnetTca 6e3 mper-

M€CTOM, 33HWMä€MbIM HM B IID©H/JOXCGHHH CVHIeCTBHT€/IbHoO€, CTOSIIee Ie-

CVII€CTBHT€JIbHOMY B HM€HHT€/IbHOM II416%(e CÿLIeCTBHT€/IbHO€, CToWSillee IOC/I€ Ccka3yeMoro, ABAAeTCH IpAMBIM HOIOJIH€HH€M H Yallle Bcero COOT- B@TCTBV€T B DYCCKOM đ3biKe CYHI€CTBHT€JIbHOMV B BHHHT€/bHOM H37e)K€e 663 IP€IJIOTA+:

The student recognized the teacher CTY/€HT ÿ3HQJ1 IDeHOHTaBAT€/1H The teacher recognized the student llpenonapaT€JIb ÿy3HA7I CTY/I€HTa

Mey cKa3yeMbIM H CYLIeCTBHT€JIBHBIM, ABJIAIOULMMCA MpAMbIM 0I0/H€HH-

€M, MOKeT: CTOATh Apyroe CyLleCTBHTeMbHOe B OGLLEM Mafexe 6e3 mpemsora, o6o3Hayaloulee 1wHo TaKO€ CVLI€CTBHT€JIbHO€ ØBJđ€TCH KOCB€HHBIM /0- MOJHEHHEM H COOTBETCTBYeT B PYCCKOM đ3BIK€ CYLI€CTBHT€JbHOMV B J13-

Te bHOM Mafexe 6e3 mpegnora:

The teacher showed the students a IIpenonapatentb HOKA3a/7 CTYXeHTAM

§ 34.B H€KOT0DHX CJÿYqaØX CVLIeCTBHT€/IbHBI€ B OỐIHI€M H4@XKe € ID€H10-

raMH of, †o, by, with BbipaxaOT OTHOIIHHS, Iepe4B4eMbie DYCCKHMH KOC- BeHHBIMH MafexkaMH 6e€3 Ip€JOTOB TH Ip©IJOTH H€ HMGIOT B TAKHX CJV- q4ØX CaMOCTOATeIbHOTO 3HaYeCHHA H He I€D€BO/STCđ Hã DYCCKHỦ #3bIK OTJI€IE- HbIMH CJIOBAMH

l KoFrnA CYLII€CTBHT€JIbHO€ € HP€HJIOTOM Ọ yHOTp€Ố/Iđ€TCH B (YHKHHH OlpefeeHHA K Ip©HHI€CTBVIOHIÊMY CYHI€CTBHT€JIbHOMY, OHO COOTBTCTBV€T B DYCCKOM An DKC CYLLECTBHTebHOMY B POAHTeJbHOM Magee (Ha Bompoc Ko- 20? “eeo?):

The leg of the table is broken HozKa CTO.Ta C7IOMAHA

He showed me the house of his Ox noKasajzI MHe OM cBoero Apyra friend

Ipumeuanne Creqyet HM€Tb B BHLY, ITO DYCCKHỦ DONHT€IbHB Mayex CÿLUIECTBHT€JIbHO-

ro HepefaeTca B aHPMHHCKOM A3bIKe CYLECTBHTeJbHEIM C ID€HJIOTOM Ọ T0/IbKO B TOM Cayyae, ec- JIM OH BbIpawkaeT OTHOWeHHe K NDYTOMY CVLI€CTBHT€JIbHOMY [Ïpe]NIoT 0Ÿ B COOTB€TCTBVIOLI€M 4H- TIHHCKOM ID€JI0XGHHH BC€THA CTOHT, TâAKHM 0ỐP430M, M€XTÿ NBYMR Cÿ11€CTBHT€JIbHbIMH:

Alpyrve oTHOWeHHA, BbIPAaKaeMble PORMTeAbHbIM MaseKOM B PyYCCKOM Đ3blK©, I€P€H3IOTCH B aHIMIHHCKOM A3bIKe IDYTHMH CIOCOỐAMH, kak, HallpHMep:

« T 1, etp 161

4

2 KOIđa CYHIVCTBHT€JIbHOe € Ip€HIOToM to ynotpe6maeTca B YHKUHH

IP€JI0XKHOTO KOCBeHHOTO JOII0IH€HH, OỐO3H2H4ã JIHHO, K KOTODOMY oOOpallleHo JđeÏCTBHe, OHO COOTB€TCTBY€T B DYCCKOM #3biK€ CVHIeCTBHT€JIbHOMV B J3-

Te bHOM Magee (Ha Bolpoc Komy? uemy?):

He gave a magazine to his friend OH JaJl “YÐHA7I CBOeMY HIpHWT€2IO

I showed the book to the teacher Al noKasay KHMUTy HDpeHO/1aBaTe

Iipumeuanne: CYLI€CTBHT€JbHOMY B WaTe/bHOM Mayexke MOKeT TAK2K€ COOTB€TCTBOBATb B 8HTJHlCKOM f3biK€ CVUIECTBHT€JIbHOE Ố€3 TID€TJIOTA; B 3TOM CJIYH46 OHO 3ARHMA€T M€CTO M€XXHV TIAT0J0M H Ipq8MBM đononHeHHeM (§ 33):

He gave his friend a magazine

3 Korđa cVyLIeCTBHTeIbHoe € IpejoroM by ynoTpe6maeTca B yHKUHH

TIpeAIOKHOTO KOCBeHHOTO AOMOMHEHHA, OỐO3H2q4W MeHCTByIOUee /JMHO HH HelicTByIOUlylo CH HOC/I€ TJ127010B B opMe CTP3/AT€/JbHOTO 34/0T4, OHO CO- OTB€TCTBY€T B DYCCKOM đ3biK© CYLIeCTBHT€/IbHOMYV B TBODHT€/JbHOM I4]eXe (Ha BoMpoc Kem? e#?):

The cup was broken by Peter Yama ỐpIIa pasaốwTra lĨeTpoM

This engine is driven by electricity OTOT MOTOP HDHBOHHTCđ B ABMOKeHHE |

9/IeKTPHW€CTBOM

4 Korna cyLIe€CTBHT€JIbHoe c mpegsorom with ynoTpe6maetca B PyHKUHH

TIP©J10XKHOTO KOCBeHHOTO /OIIOJH€HH%, OỐO3HAHAã ID€IM€T, IpH IOMOIHIH KOTO- pOTO €0OBepUII4eTcđ1 IefCTBHe, OHO T4KX@ COOTB€TCTBY€T B DYCCKOM đ3biKe Cy- IlecTBHTeJIBHOMY B TBOPHTeAbBHOM Mafexe:

I cannot write with this pen Al He Mory HHCATb 9THM Depom

I opened the tin with a knife #Ï OTEPBIJI ỐAHKY HO?KOM

§ 35 CyIUleCTBHT€JbHbI€ B OỐIIeM I47e‡K€ VIOTpeỐIØOTCđ T4KXe€ € JIO-

ỐbIMHW Ip€H/IOTAMH H BBID3XX4IOT OTHOIIEHH%, KOTOPBbi€ B DYCCKOM Ø3biK€ H4L1e BCerO IIepe7a!OTCđ KOCBeHHbIMH II21€3KAMH € IP€J/IOTAMH>:

This letter is for the teacher OTO NMCbMO AAA UpenoxapaTeana

I quite agree with the doctor Al Brome cormaceH € AOKTOpOM

I have received a letter from the Al nomyun HHCbMO OT 3AB€/TVIOHI€TO manager

Ipđ=T#{aT€eJIbEHbil nmagex (The Possessive Case)

§ 36 CyulecTBHTelbHoe B IpHTAKATCJIBHOM NafeKe CYKUT OMpemeleHHem

K JIDYTOMY CYLI€CTBHT€/bHOMY H 0TBedaeT Ha BolIpoc whose? #2, oốo3Hauas IpHHA]7eX%HoCTb IpenMeTra B dopme IIpHT3K34T€/IbHOTO II41e3Ka YIOTpeỐ/TNOT-

Cđ CYLIeCTBHT€/JIbHbi€ 0ÿ HI@B/I€HHbI€ yUI€CTBHT€/IBHbI€ HeOJYHI€B/IEHHHIe, 3a HEKOTOPbIMH HCKJIIOYCHHAMH, O0 KOTODPBIX CKA34HO HHXX€, B IpHTđXXAT€/bHOM

llafexke He ynoTpe6aloTca

1 TiputsaxaTenbHbIH H4e# CYUIIeCTBHT€JIbHbX B ©đ1HHCTB€HHOM HHCJe 0ỐPA3yeTcđ IyTeM IpHỐaB/IeHHS K CVIIeCTBHT€/JIbHOMV OKOHHAHHã ='S ÍT.e 3H4-

Ka allocTpoda # 6ykBbl s), KoTOpoe mpox3HocutTca [z], [s] HH [1z] cormacHo Tem

Xe IIDABHJI4M, KOTODBIM HONHHHS€TCđ IDOM3HOIIeHH€ OKOHYaHHA -S MHOKe- CTBEHHOTO HHCJI3 HM€H CYLI€CTBHT€JIBHHX (T Ì, cTp 9):

Jack’s friend ['dzœks 'irend] H1pVT J?KeKa

2 [ĨpHTØ344T€JbHHHỦ I347163X CyIIeCTBHT€/bHBIX BO MHOKeCTBEHHOM 4HC-

JJe OỐ03H4qaeTc1 0NHHM TOJIbKO 3HaKOM anocTpoda: the boys’ books KWu£u manouuxos; the workers’ tools uxcmpymenmot pabouux

* T 1, ctp 161

Ecan cylllecTBHTeJIbHOe BO MHO2KeCTBEHHOM YHce He HMeeT OKOHYAHHA =S,

TO NpHTAKaTebHbIN Masex*x oOpasyeTca, Kak H B ©€1ñHHCTB€HHOM HHCJ€, HYT€M

IpHỐaBeH#n oKoHdaHwn -'s: the children’s toys uepyuxu Oemeti; the work-

men’s tools uxcmpymenmot pabouux

ở TputakaTembHbIH Mage COKHBIX CYMIECTBHTeJIbHBIX OOpa3yeTcA MyTeM TIpHOaBIeHHA OKOHYaHHA -'S K HOCJI€HH€MY CJOBY, BXOJALLLEMY B COCTAaB cy- II€CTBHT€/IbHOTO:

my brother-in-law’s library ỐMỐ.1uareK£a MO€TO 3Ø1T8

4 Kor1a ñBa JHIiIA WAH Ố0/e€ ØBJI8IOTCW OỐ/23]1AT€ẴJHMH OIHOTO H TOTO Xe IPp©IMe€TA, OKOHHAHWe€ IDHTW3KA4T€/JbHOTO H464 HpHỐ4B/Iñ6€TCñ K IOCJHH€MV CVHIĐCTBHT€JIbHOMV:

Peter and Helen’s flat is large Ksaptupa llerpa u Enensi 6onpuiaa

§ 37 CyulecTButembHoe B MpHTAKaTebHOM MahewkKe cTOHT Nepegn cy-

INCCTBHTeJIBHBIM, ONpefeJICHHe€M KOTOPOrO OHO ABJIAeTCH Oxo COOTB€TCTBV€T B DYCCKOM Ñ3bIK€ CYLII€CTBHT€JIbHOMV B DOJIHT€JIbHOM H2AH€2€ HIH UPHTA-

the student’s dictionary CJIOBADb CTYH€HTaA

KorHa CVII€CTBHT€JIBH0€, OID€HI€JIñ€MO€ CVYULII€CTBHT€JIbHHM B HDHTHXKAT€/Ib- HOM HañH©€%(©, HM€€T HDH ceốc RDYTH€E OID€I€JI€HHS, TO CVII€CTBHT€/JIEHO€ B NIpHTAKATebHOM IlafeKe CTOHT Me pe HHMH:

the student’s new dictionary HOBbIM CJIOBAPb CTyYHenTA

§ 38 CyutecTBHT€/IbHO€, OID€T€/II€MO€ CVLIeCTBWT€JIbHbIM B IDHTØ3K4T€/Ib- HOM Tlafexke, ynotpeOseTca 6€3 apDpTHKJS, IOCKOJIbKY CVYLIECTBHT€JbHO€ B IPHTSX44T€/IbHOM II216X%€@ CAMO ñB/I8€TCñ O0ID©//IHT€JI€M H IO9TOMY HCKJKHA-

©T YIIOTpeố/Ie€HWe apTWKJS I€D€JI CVHI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM, K KOTODOMY OHO OTHOCHT-

ca (tT 1, erp 19) B mpuBemeHHbix Bbie npwMepax the studenf's dictionary u

the children’s mother apTHKJIb OTHOCHTCñ K CYLHIe€CTBHT€JIbHOMY B IIpHTAKa-

TeJIbHOM Magee, a He K CYUIeCTBHTeJIbHOMY, CTOALIeMy Tiocme Hero B ñpwMepe

Kate's friends apTukib oTcyTcTByeT, Tak Kak Kate #8/186TCñ CYHI€CTBHT€/IbHBIM

co6cTBeHHBIM, Ilepe, KOTODBIM apTHKJIb He yoTpeOAeTCA

§ 39 Hapsany c cytilecTBHTebHLIM B NIpHTAKATebHOM Magee A BbIpa- Xe€HHW IDHHA/JI€XHOCTH yNoTpeOseTca CYLIeCTBHTeMbHOe Cc Mpesorom of, T4KXX© COOTB€TCTBYKEIHI€© B DYCCKOM ñ3biKe DOHT€JIbHoMV Ianex<y (§ 34):

friend

the teacher’s question = the question BOHPOC IIDeHO7aBAT€/IR

of the teacher

§ 40 Tak Kak dopmMa HDHTHX3T€JIbHOTO HA163K4 CVHIVCTBHT€JbHbIX BO

MHOKECTBEHHOM HHCJI€ € OKOHMHAHH€M -S He OTJHYaeTCA B MpOHSHOWIeHHH OT

opMbI eñWHcTBeHHoro qwcJa (the boy°s [boiz] books KHueu Ma+pwuKa, the

boys’ [boiz] books KHueu mano4uuKos), TO BMeCTO IIpHTAKaTeNbHOrO Nasexa CyLeCTBUTCJIbHbIX BO MHO2KECTBEHHOM HHCJ€ 718 CHOCTH OỐBI4HO VIOTp€ỐJ1- IOT CVUI€CTBHT€/IbHoe€ € Ipen/IoroM of Tak, BMecto Where have you put the workers’ tools? ropopat: Where have you put the tools of the workers?

§ 4Í /l5a CyUL(eCTBHT€JIbHHX B MpHTAKATeMbHOM Masexe peAKO cesyIoT OMHO 34 IDYTHM: BTODO€ CVLHI€CTBHT€JIbHO€ B IDHTØW3KA4T€JIbHOM I37@X€ 34M@-

HW€TCñ CYIHI€CTBHT€JIbHbIM € IID@JJIOTOM of Tax, BMecto He is my sister’s hus-

band’s father Ox omey my2ca moeli cecmpoi — clefyeT ckasaTb: He is the fa- ther of my sister’s husband

16

§ 42 B nputaxatenbHoM Mafexke MOryT CTOATb Tak>%Ke rpynnp cos pu 3TOM OKOHYaHHe NPHTAKaTeMbHOrO Nafexka -’S MPHHHMaeT HOCJI€THe€ CIOBO rpynni:

My elder brother Peter’s son is very

ill

CHH Moero cTapIuero ốpara Ilerpa OH€Hb ỐO/I€H

B TAKMX CYHA8X, 01HaKO, YIOTpeỐ/eHHe CVLI€CTBHT€/JIbHOTO € Ip€/JIOTOM OŸ

ABJIACTCA NPeANOUTHTeJIbHbIM: The son of my elder brother Peter is very ill

§ 43 Cnopa house dom, office konmopa, shop maza3zun uacto onycka- IOTCA Moce CYLLECTBHTCIbHEIX B MpPHTAKATebHOM MasexKe B MpesMORKHEIX O60-

pOTAX, BHIIOJIHSIOIIMX PyHKUHWO OOcTOATeEbCTBA MeCTA:

I dined at my friend’s (umeertca B BU-

ny: at my friend’s house)

She went to the baker’s (umeertca 8

Buy: to the baker’s shop)

4 oỗenaJ y cBoero npyra

Ona noua B OyJIOUHYyIO

§ 44 KpoMe CVLHIeCTBHT€JIbHHX OYLHI€BJI€HHBIX, (ÌODMY HIDHTØ3KA4T€/IbHOTO

HA1€6)KAa HMEROT:

1 CyLieCTBHT€/IbHHIS, Oõ03HA43IOLIH€ €TpAHbI, TOPOI3A M CV/H4, a T4K-

*%Ke cyllecTBHTebHbIe: world, country, city, ship:

Moscow is the Soviet Union’s

greatest scientific and cultural

centre

Moscow’s theatres are the best in the

world

The “Nevas” cargo consisted of

wheat and barley

The US.S.R has the world’s largest

deposits of oil

The Bolshoi Theatre is our country’s

best opera house

The ship’s crew stood on deck

MOCKBaA CaMPH{ KDVHHHI% HAÿyWHHDIW% H KYJIbTYPHbIM WeHTp CosetcKoro Co- 103a

MocKOBCEM€ T€ATDBI JIYHIHH© B MHD€ Tpya n/x «HeBa» COCTOfSJI W3 HIH€HIH- Ubl 8HM€HR

CCCP wMeeT CaMbIe ỐO/IbHI4I€ M€CTO- DO?3Xđ€HMf HecbTu B MIID€

ĐOJIbIIỌ T€eaTD — JIYHIHM OTIepHPIđi TeaTp Haulem CTDAHBI

Komauya cyfua cTroaga Ha namny6e

2 CyII€CTBHT€/IbHbI€, OỐO3H2H2IOIIHe BDeMS:

He had a month’s holiday last sum-

§ 45 IĨpHr3KaT€bHHỦ H263 ynotpe6JimeTcA Takxe B HeKOTOPBIX ycTOH- YMBBIX coueTaHHaAx: for order's sake nopsdxa padu; for old acquain- tance’s sake padu cmapoezo 3Haxomcmea; at a stone's throw 6 deyx wa- 2ax H Ap

PO (GENDER)

§ 46 B pycckom A3bike CyLlecTBHTebHbIe HM€IOT CIIHH23/IbHbI® OKOHUAHHã,

NO KOTOPbIM HX MO?KHO OTHECTH K MY)KCKOMY, KCHCKOMY H cpefHemy pogy B aHTIMHCKOM S3bIKe CYLIECTBUTeJIbHbI€C TAKAX OKOHYaHHH He HMEIOT

1 B aHrauickoM a3biKe cyLUlecTBHTeJIbHbIe OL YWeBJeHHbIe AeNATCA Ha CYUlecTBHTebHbIe MY KCKOFO pofa H Ha CYLleCTBHTebHbIe Ke HCKOFO posa

B 34BHCHMOCTH OT O603Ha4daeMOrO HMH Nowa

BMecTO CVLI€CTBHT€/JbHBIX, OỐO3H2H4AIOIIWX JIMIa MyKcKoro Nona, ynotpeé-

JineTca MecTouMeHie he:

— Where is your brother? — Tye paw 6par?

— He is in the library — On B 6u6mnoTexe

ĐM€CTO CVII€CTBWHT€JIbHBIX, OỐO3H4AHAIOUIHX HH2 X€HCKOTO Moma, ynoTpe6-

JineTcA MecTouMennue she:

— Where is your sister? — Tye paula cecrpa?

2 CylllecTBHTe/IbHble, O6o3Hayaloline HEOAyWeBJeHHbIe MpesMeThl, OT-

HOCATCA K cpeaHemy pogy BMecto Hux ynoTpe6mAeTcA-MecTouMeHne it:

-—— Where is my dictionary? — T#e MO C7IOBaADb”

— It is on the shelf — OH Ha NouKe

ở CVIHIeCTBHT€/IbHbBI€, OỐO3H2HAIOIIH XXHBOTHBIX, OTHOCATCH, Tak Ke Kak

H CYLIECTBHT€/IbHbie HEOJYWIeBJICHHbIe, K CPeCAHEMY posy, Kora MOM XHBOT- HOTO H11 TOBOPSIIETO Oe3spasHyeH HAM HeH3BeCTeH, H BMecTO HHX VIOTpeỐ-

seTca MecroumeHue it:

— Where is the dog? — Tne co6aga?

Korgla Ke XOTAT yKa3aTb M01 KHBOTHOMO, TO COOTBeETCTBeEHHO ynoTpebsAeTcaA

he nau she:

This is my dog He is four years old OTo Moa cobaka EX uetuipe roma

§ 47 Pnn HM€H CYHI€CTBHT€/IbHbIX, OỐO3HAHAIOIIHX MKHBbIe CYLIeCTBa, MO-

XXGT OTHOCHTbCA KaK K MYXKCKOMY, TâK HW K KeHCKOMY posy: pupil yeenuK, yue- -Kuya; friend npuameno, npuamenonuua; teacher yuumenod, yuumenroxduya;

cousin Oaompodnvlili Opam, Osorwpoduan cecmpa; neighbour coced, coceökKdq;

servant cayea, cayxcanKa; wolf gorK, gonuuya W Ap.x Korfa XOTAT ykKa3aTb, K KaKOMY IIOJIY OTHOCHTCA JaHHoe JIHHO HJIMH XXHBOTHO€, TO K CVYHIECTBHT€JIbHOMY IDHỐaBJ8€TCñ C/0BO, VKA3biBaloIllee Ha Mom: a boy-friend npunmeno, a girl-

friend npuameavonuya, a he-cousin ØđøoiopodHoil Ốpam, a she-cousin deonw-

poduan cecmpa, a man-servant cayea, a woman-servant cayscanKa, a he- wolf gorx, a she-woll sozuuya.,

§ 48 Pana ume cyllecTBHTeIbHbIX KeHCKOrO posla oOpasyeTca OT COOTB€T-

CTBYIOWIHX CYLICCTBHTeJIbHBIX MYKCKOrO pofa MyTeM MpH6aBeHHA cyddpuKca -eSs:

§ 49 Haszspanve cTpaHbl, korfa oHa paccMaTpHBaeTcA KaK MOMUTHYeCKad

©IWHHWLHA, YaCTO OTHOCHTCA K XKeHCKOMY poy M 3aMeHAeTCA MeCTOHMeHHeM she:

England has an unfavourable balance AHTJIMA WMeeT IHACCHBHHBII TODTOBBII

of trade The value of her imports ỐaaHC TOWMOCTbE ee IMHOPTA

is greater than the value of her ex- ỐOJIBII€ CTOMWMOCTM ©© 2KCHOPTA

+ P € DYCCKHMH CVIIECTBHT€/IbHbIMH: 8DØu, ¿H2C€H€p, đDỤJê

+# 3TOM €/IOB€ IPH IPHỐAB/I€HH”H CVÑÙHKCA -@SS OHYCKA€TCñ TJIACHAñ HOC/I€HH€TO

18

HMEHA CYDIECTBHTEJIBHBIE B ®YHKIHH OMPENEJEHHS

§ BI Bbinie ỐblIO yK333HO, 4TO CyIeCTBHTe/IbHOe B HIDHTđXAT€/bHOM Hã- H€XG CJVXKHT 0D /16:IÊHH€M K đDYTOMY, C7€TYIOIHIMY 3â HHM CYLIECTBHT€Ib-

Homy: the manager’s signature nodnuco 3asedyroweco; the captain’s cabin

KanumaucKasn Katoma (Katoma Kanumana) OmHako CyLUeCTBHTembHoe MOKeT C/IY3KHTb OID€€7I€HH€M K IDYTOMY CVHISCTBHT€JIbEHOMY H TOTHA, KOIH3 OHO CTO-

HT H€D€I HHM H B OỐIH€M H3đ©€%€, T.e 6€3 BCAKOFO H3MeHEHHA cBOeH dopmbt Takoe cyllecTBHTe/bHOe TepeBOAHTCA Ha pyCCKHH A3bIK MpHsara- T€/IbHBM HJIH CVLI€CTBHT€/IbHBIM B OIHOM H3 KOCB€HHBIX I2€X€H:

a payment agreement coralienne o milareskax

Bo MHOTHX CJÿ4A8X CVLIeCTBHT€/IbBHOMY IIDSHHI€CTBVT H€ OHHO, 3 BA HH Ốo/lee CyLIeCTBHT€./IbBHbIX B (DYHKHHH ođnpeđe/leHHMs lĨpH niepeBoe Ha pyCCKHỦ ASbLIK OMHH OHD€€JICHHØ MOTYT IP@BOTHTbCđ IDH/1ATAT€JIbHBMH, a Apyrve — CVII€CTBHT€/IbHbIMH B OHOM H3 KOCB€HHbIX I2eXX€Ẵ:

home market prices W@HbI BHYTPeHHeTO PbIHKa

meat price decrease YMeHbUeHMe WeHbI Ha MACO

3KHOlI IDRH?KH

CyIlieCTBHT€/IBHO€ B (DYHKHHH OID€/6/I€HMØ OỐbIHHO CTOHT B (bODM€ CAHH- CTB€HHOTO HHC/JIa H B TOM CJIÿHA€, KOTA ®MY IP€HLIECTBV€T HHC/JIHT€/IbHOG:

a ten-pound note „ , ỐaHKHOTA B /©€CWTb cbyHTOB

OIIPE/IEUJIHTEuIH CYHIECTBHTEJIbHOTO (DETERMINATIVES)

§ 52 B ốo/nbHiHHCTB C/IYH4A€B HM€HA CYLHIVCTBHT@JIbHB© B AHTIHlCKOM 3bIK€ €OIPpOBOXX2IOTCđ OCOỐbIMH C/IOBAMH, KOTOPpBI€ HA3bIBAIOTCđ OID€H€/HT€-

OHM B3aHMHO HCKUJIOHAIOT Apyr Apyra, T.© H3/IHHH€ OHHOTO OID€JJIHT€/J4 HcC- KJIOHAỆT BO3MOXHOCTb ÿIIOTp€Ố/IHHđ DYTOTO

Hawốoee pacIpOCTpAH€HHbIMH OID€/6/HT€/IMH CYLHI€CTBHT€JIbHBX C7Iÿ3KAT K7IACCHQMLHDVIOUIHH HW HHHHBHIYA7H3HDpyIOHHỦ apTHKIH — a(an), the Ap- THK/Ib Hệ HM€€T CAMOCTOfT€/IbHOTO 3HAYCHHA H O4©€Hb YaCTO He MepeBOAMTCA Ha pyeckHi a3bik (tT 1, ctp 22, 23):

»

There is a lamp on the table Ha crone 1aMHa

The director has just come JMp€KTOP TOJIbKO HTO HDMII€L,

§ 53 Hpyrne oIp€€/IHT€JIH HM€IOT CaMOCTOST€/IbHO€ 3HAH€HWH€ H BBIIO/- HØIOT (ĐYHKHHIO OIP€//IEHHS K CVLIECTBHT€/IBHOMYV HHM OTHOCSTCS:

1 putaxatenbHble MecTOHMeHHA my mou, his ezo, her ee, its ezo, ee, our Haw, your eau, their ux:

Where is my pencil? Tne MỌ KaDaH7aII?

Your text-book is on the table Barrr yqeÕHMK Ha crome

TĨpHT83KaT€/IbHbie M©CTOHM€GHHMũ MHOTHa TEPeBOAATCA Ha pycckHh ASBIK MeC- TOHMCHHAMH Ceol, Caou:

I gave him my dictionary JÏ na! eMY CBOf CJIOBADb

_đ H€KOTOPBIX CJIYÀX, OfHaKO, HDHTØXK4T€JIbHbI€ M€CTOHM€HHW H€ Iep€BO- ATCA Ha pyccKHH ASbIK (T 1, erp 72):

He lives with his mother OH ?KHB€T C€ MAT€DbIO

2 CyLI€CTBHT€/IbHB€ B IDHTØXXAT€/IbHOM II21e%€:

3 YKa3aTenbuble MecTouMeHHaA this gmom, these amu, that mom, those

me:

This house is very old ; OrToT JOM oueHb CTapbii z Ill take those books Al BO3bMy Te KHUTH

4 HeonpeeeHHHe MecTộMeHHa much, many muozo, little, few nano,

some cO 3HaH€HHM HeKOMopolli, HeKOMopole, a TakKe CO 3HayeHHeM HECKOAbKO, HEKOMOpoe KOAUUeECMBO, any CO 3Ha4eHHeM 210004, a Takx%Ke CO 3Ha4eHHeM KữKOl-HUỐWƠb, CKOAbKO-HuUỐUởb, cach, every Ka2cởoiú, either u

mom u Opyzou, neither xu mom Hu Opyzou:

There were many students at the Ha coỐpaHWM ỐbIIO MHOFO CTY€HTOB meeting

Some people do not like meat Hexoroppie JI0/J He m06AT Maca Come at any time TIpuxogure B mo60e Bpema

He goes there every day H XO/MT TY/Ha KA?KHBIÏi H€Hb

Some co 3HayeHHeM HeCKONbKO, HEXOoMmOpoe KOAUYECMEO HH anV co 3Hawe-

HH€M Reg MON Oe CKOAbKO-HUOYOb YacTO He MepeBOAATCA Ha pyCCKHH ASbIK

(r 1, crp 85, 86

Give me some money, please Jafre MHe€ feHer, noxKkamylicta

Have you any books on radio? ECTb aM ÿ BaC KHUHTM HO paqno?

9 BonpocwrenbHbile MecTonMeHHn what? «xaxoii? which? Komopotii? whose? uedi?:

What books have you read? TaKM© KHMTM Bbi UNTaAJIN?

On which floor do you live? Ha KaKEOM (KOTODOM) 3T8?K© Bbl ?H-

Bere?

Whose pencil is this? Uen oto KapaHpai?

K onpene1w#T€đ#M MOXHO OTH€CTH TaKX€ BOIpOCHT€/IbHbill oốopor what kind of? akoũ? KaKo£o poơa2:

What kind of man is he? Karon on uenospex? (UIro oH 3a 1©710-

BeK?)

Ilpumeuanne Ï[ÏocKOIbKY CYUIECTBHT€/IbHO€ MO3K€T HM€Tb HDH C©Ố€ TOMbKO OMKH orpese- JIHT€/Ib, TâKH€ DYCCKH€ CO4€TAHHW, Kak mHOewe Mou OPYyabA, KAMOAA Bawa OWUbKA, HEKOMO-

pole e20 30Me4UQHUA HM T.N., Hesb3q MepeBoguTb many my friends, each your mistake, some his

remarks B aTux cayyasx Mocie nepporo MecTOMMeHHA CTaBHTCA Mpenior of co 3HA4€HHeM 3:

many of my friends, each of your mistakes, some of his remarks

§ 54 Onpe7eWT€JH CTođT Iep€I CVII€CTBHT€JIbHbIMM, KOTODPBI€ OHH COIIDO-

Boalt Ec X% HM€IOTCđ JDYTHM€ CJOB4đ, OID€I€JIIIOHIH€ CVIHI€CTBHT€/bHO€, T0 OHH CTOST M€@3XKÿ OID€H/IHT€/JIÊM H CVLIECTBWHT€/IĐHbIMM:

Pushkin created the Russian literary IĨYHIKWMH CO3HaJH DYCCKMI muTrepatTyp-

His first scientific work was a great Ero HepBan HayuHaA pabora umeya

IpuMewaHHe VuaIÙiWeC# 4aCTO IOHYCKAIOT OUIHỐKH, TIIOM€LIAR CVUI€CTBHT€JIbHO€ B IDHTN-

XaT©JbHOM IIAI€XX€ HH HpHTHXXAT€/IbHO€ M€CTOHM€HH€ HOCJI€ NDYTHX onpejeleHHu, He y4uH-

TbIBaA, YTO OHH, Kak ONPeeIHTeAH, 10/IXHbI CTONTb H€D€H HDYTHMH CIOBAMH, 0IID€TS/I1IOIHHMH

CYIHI€CTBHT€/IbHOE, H€3ABHCHMO OT IIODSHKA CJI0B B COOTB€TCTBYIOLIM DYCCKOM HID€HJ103K€HHH:

20

My first impression was favourable

Repin’s best pictures are in the Tretiakov

Gallery

I didn't hear Peter’s last word |

Moe nepsoe (Ileppoe moe) BnetaTneHne 6bino GnaronpnATHoe

JlyqIỞe KAPTHHB PenMHaA HaxOMATCA B 'TpeTbaKOBCKOỨ raepee

# He C/IbItểa2I HOCJIeHMX cnoB [leTpa

`

APTHKJIb (THE ARTICLE)

OBLUVE CBEQEHNA

§ 1 Kak ỐbI1O OHP€I€JI€HO BbIlle, apTHKb ABAAeCTCA CAMBIM DACIPOCTPä- H€HHBIM OIID€H€JIHT€/I€M CYLI€CTBHT€JbHOTO B DYCCKOM Ø3bIK€ ApTHKJb OTCYT- CTBY€T

B 0T7HuHe OT BCeX APyrHx OIp€/I€/IHT€JI€H, KOTODbI€ OTHOCSTCđ K p23DWHY M€CTOHM€HHỦ HJH CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBIX ÍB IDHT83XXAT€/bHOM Ha7eX€), aDTHKUJIb He fB/IR€TCðI CAaMOCTOfT€JbHỌ H1A€TblO D€MH

B aHTIHÚCKOM 83bIKe HMeeTCA BA ApTHKJIS: K1accnQnHnpyloOmnwj (the

Classifying Article) — a(an) u đHnwHBwmnya1wna3wmpy1oOmwj (the Individualiz- ing Article) — thex

ÂPTHK/JIb BBIIOIHØ€T /1B€ (YHKHHMH: Ì) OH, KâK BCđKHỦ OID€J€JIHT€JIb, AB- JIđ€TCð1 IPpH3HAKOM CVII€CTBHT€./IbHOTO, T.€ ÿYKA3bIBA€T, HTO CJI0BO, IpH KOTODOM

OH CTOHT, IDHHAI/I€XHT K pA3DSHY CYLI€CTBHT€JbHbIX H 2) OH yKa3bIBaeT, 060- 3HAWA€T JIH CVYII€CTBHT€JIbHO€ IID€TIM€T, H€ BblJ€/I€HHbIH H3 KJIaCCA OTNHODO/HHBIX IP€IM€TOB, ©€li€ H€H3B€CTHbII COỐ€C6NHHKY HH WHTAT€JIO (KJ1AaCCHÌHHHDpYR-

IH APTHKJIb), HJIH OHO OỐO3HAHA€T IID€TM€T, BbiI€JI€HHBIH H3 KJIACCAa OIHODOT-

DYOIMHỦ apTHKIBb)

VTIOTpeØ/eHW€ apTHK/I€lH ID€XGI© BC€TO 34BWCHT OT Toro, KaKHM đBJI8€TCS HMØ CYLI€CTBHT€/JIbHO€ — COỐCTB€HHBIM HJIH HADHLHAT€JIbHBIM, H, €CJIH OHO AB- JII€TC1 HADHIHAT€/IbHbIM, TIIDHHA/JIXHT JH OHO K TDYHH€ CVII€CTBHT€JIbHBIX WC- HHCJIØ€MbBIX HJH HeHCUHCJINIeMBX lĨO3TOMY YVIOTp€ỐJ€HH€ apTHKJIeH ÿIOỐHO DACCMATDHBATb IIO KAT€TODWfM CYHI€CTBHT€.JIbHBIX, KOTODPbIe OHH COIPOBOXXHA- KOT

K1accw(}HUIHDpYIOUHLHỦ apTHKJb HMeeT đB€ (OpMBI — a H an ƠH npo- W3OUI€JI OT HHCJHT€JbHOTO OR€ Øđ/⁄ W IO32TOMYV ID€HMVYLIeCTB€HHO VIOTp€Ố- JIMeTCA C HCHHCAACMBIMH CYLI€CTBHT€JbHbIMH B €IHHCTB€HHOM HCJe Ta- KHM OỐpAa30M, KJIAaCCH(PHLIHDVIOLHM ApTHKUJIb ABJIAETCA TaKKe IDH3HAKOM MHCJ1a CyIIECTBHT€JbHOFO:

There is a telephone in this room B aTọ KOMHaTe eCTb TeslecboH

VHđnHBHnYAJ1H3WDpYIOIHỦ apTHKIb — the — HpOH30LI6I OT yKa3a-

T€/IbHoro MecTowMeHHn that mom n" ylloTpe6ulneTca Kak C HCYHCJIACMbIMH Cy- II€CTBHT€JIbBHBHMH B €HHWHCTBEHHOM HH MHOX%X€CTBHHOM HHCJI€, TâK HH € HCHCHHC- Jii©MBIMH CVYLI€CTBHT€/IBHBIMH:

The newspapers are on the table TaaeTbI Ha CTO/I©,

ÂPTHKIb, KAaK IIDABHJO, He VIOTp€ỐJ8€TC1 € WM€HAMH CVII€CTBHT€JIbHbIMH COỐCTB€HHbIMH:

Paris is the capital of France Tlapwox — cTommuya Ppaxunn

B oTamyune OT ỐO/IbHIHHCTBA /IDYTHMX OI€/I€JMT€JISH, ApTHKJIb YacTO He NepeBOAHTCA Ha PyYCCKHH ASBIK:

+ B TpagHUMOHHOHM aHrIMMCKOM rpaMMaTHKe apTHKJb a(an) HOCcHT Ha3BaHHe Heolipege-

JeHHoro aprwka (the Indefinite Article), a apruxib the — onpegeneHHoro apTukia

(the Definite Article) Sru TÊDMMHBI, OH4KO, BBOT VHAIIHXCH B 32Ố.1ÿYXIEHH€, H0- CKOJIbKY BO MHOTHX CJIÿQA8X OHM HE COOTBETCTBYIOT 3HAYCHHAM, BbIPaKaeMbIM apTHKJIA-

MH TIpHHATHIe B gaHHOM yue6HHKe TepMMHb! «KaccHHUMpyIOUIMA AâpTHKIb> H 4HHJIMBM7VA/1H3HDVIOUHIMỦ ApTHKUJIb» ỐOJI€€ TOHHO, KâK HảM HD€JCTABJII€TCH, OTD2XC2IOT 3Ha4eHHA, BbIpamkaemble apTHKJIAMH

22

He is a doctor Ox — Bpaw

OgHako BO MHOTHX CñyHaHX 3HaveHHe apTHKJA MOKeT ObITb NepefaHo B DYCCKOM ñ3BIK€ OCOỐBbIMH CJIOBAMH:

A boy is waiting for you RaKol-T0 MaJIEHHK ?#4T1€T Bac

TIIpOS€CTb

I[lapa/11€JIbHO € apTHK/JI€M DACCMATPHBA€TCñ 0IP€H€.IHT€JIb — H€OID€T€/€H- Hoe MecTOHMeHHe SOfe (an), IoCKOJIbKY O0HO B H€KOTODBIX CJIYHA8X ỐJ1H3KO IIO 3HAH€HHIO K K71aCCHHLHDVIOHIeMY APpTHKIO — | read it in some book 7 npowea 93MO 6 Kakoll-mo KHUếê€, â B H€KOTODBIX CIYHARX ABAeTCA Kak Obl MHOXX€CTB€HHbIM HWCJIOM OT KiaccHuuMpylowero apTukia — There are some

cigarettes in this box B 2moú Kopo6Ke ecmb nanupocot MectouMeHve some

(any) qacTo He MepeBoguTca Ha pyccKHl Asbik (T 1, cTp 85, 86)

[Ïapa/1I€JIbHO C€ apTHMK/IeM TaKX€ DACCMATPHBAIOTCñ OID€J€JHT€JIH — mpu- THX(AT€JIbHblê€ M€CTOHM€HHW, IOCKOJbKY OHH B H€KOTODBIX CJIYHA8X B 3HAHNH- T€JIbHO CT€IHH ÿTDAHHBAIOT CBO€ JI€KCHHeCKO€ 3HAU€HH© H ỐJH3KH HO 3Haqe- HHIO K HHHBHYA/H3WDpÿyIOHIeMV AapTHKJHO (T Ì, cTp 72) OHH B Takux cayuaax

TaKX€ WACTO H€ I€D€BOISTC1 Ha DÿyCCcKHH 835K: He put his hand in his

pocket On nosoxun pyky 6 Kapman

TaKHM OỐPA30M, KaK ApTHKJb, TAK H H€OID€T€/IVHHO€ M€CTOHM€HHe some (any), a B HeKOTODBIX CJIÿUA8X H IDHTØXXA4T€JbHbI€ M€CTOHM€HHf OTHOCNITCH K TDYINI€ OIp€J€/JIHT€JI€, KOTODbI€ HACTO He I€P©BOHSTC1 HA DYCCKHỦ Ñ3bIK H, CJ€OBAT€/IbHO, YIHOTP€Ố/J€HH€ KOTODBIX ID€ICTABII€T TDYHHOCTb /J8 VHả- IHHXCS+

IPOH3HOHIEHHE APTHKJIEH

§ 2 ÀPTHKIH 8BJNIOTCH H€YADHbIMH CJIOBAaMH H IDOW3HOCWTCd CJIHTHO €

TM C/JIOBOM, ID KOTODBIM OHH CTORT

CopMa KJIaccHHUIHDYĐOLIETO apTHKIS a [9]** y1oTpeỐ/I8€TCHI IepeT cJ1oBa-

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'buk] wuu¿a BTopas (bopMa KJaccw(bf#uHpylOLtero apTHKJIS an [an]x+ ynoTpeố-

JII€TCñ I€D€H CJIOBAMH, HAaHWHHalOIIHMHCS € TJAaCHOTO 3ByKđ: an arm [an ‘a:m] pyka, an egg [an 'eg] súuo, an old man [an 'ould 'mœn] capuk

Winwuswnyawú3wpylomwl apTwKab thexx npowú3ponwTcø: 1) [6a] nepen cao-

BAaMH, HAaHHHAIOHMMHCS € cornacnoro 3pyKa: the table [ða 'teibll, the book [ða 'buk] ø 2) [ði:] 1ebe7 €1oBaMM, HaHHHaIOIIIMWCS € TJ1acHoro 3BVKa: the arm lỗi: 'a:m], the egg lỗi: “eg], the old man [ỗi: 'ould 'men]

IpnMewamwe: |} ÏÏepen C10B5AMH, Haq4WHAIOLIJIMHCH € ỐYKBHI U, (ipompeonnercs apTHKilb a, Korna wu uvtTaetes Kak [ju:], nocKonPiy IepBH 3BVK B TaKMX C/10BAX [j] #B/IN€TCH cormacHbIM, H apTHKJIb an, Kora uw untaetes Kak [A]: a union [a 'ju:njan] coos, an umbrella [an am’brela] 3OHMUK

Aptuxab the nepe TAKHMH CIOBAaMH IpOM3HOCHTCS cooTBeTcTBeHHo [ða]} w [öði:]: the union [ða ju:njan], the umbrella [õi: Am“brela]

2 [lepen c10BAMH, HadWHaIOHäMHCR c ỐyKBbi h, yn0TpeỐJñ€Tcñ apTHKb an, Korna h He dH- TA€TCH, IOCKO/IbKY ñ€DBHIÏ 3BVK B TAKHX CJI0BAX HB/1NETCH TJIACHBIM, HH APTHKAb a, Korga h yuta- eTcs: an hour [an “aua} 2c, a hunter [a 'hAnta] oxomaux Aptukap the TIepe/ Taxumu caoBaMu npousHocutcs cooTBeTcTBeHHo [ði:] w [õa:}: the hour [ði: 'aual, the hunter [ỗa 'hAnte]

* WIOTp€ỐJ€HH€ /DYTMX OIDT€JHT€/ISH H€ BbI3blB4@T HHKAKHX 3ATpVIH€HHB ÿ yda- HHHXCH, TâK KAK OHH Beerga NepeBOAATCA Ha PYCCKHH A3bIK OCOObIMH CJloBaMH: This book is very interesting Ima KHuza ovens unmepecnan He comes here every day

Ox npuxodum coda ®£d2iCÔbtLũ Ô€Hb

** ApTHKIH a, afl u the H301HpoBaHHO, T.e 6e3 CYIeCTBHTeNbHOrO, NpovsHocaTcA xax [er], fen] u (di:]:

The article a [er] is used

The article the [di:] is used

MECTO APTHKJI1

§ 3 Aptukab, Kak 4 IDYTH€ OHD€T€UIHT€.IH, CTABHTCđ I€p©7 CYHI€CTBH- TeJbHBM Korna đepen cyulecTBHTesIbHBIM CTOAT OMpeAeseCHHA, TO aPTHKb CTa- BUTCH Neped HHMH:

Iam writing a letter 4l HMUIY HWCbMO

I am writing a business letter - #Ï nwIHiy n€JIOBO€ HHCbMO

T0/IbKO B 0TI€/IbHHIX CJIYdAađX APpTHKJb CTABHTCđ HOCJ€ CHOB, OIp€EH€7HIO-

1 ApTHkKib a(an) cTaBHTca:

a) noc/rie what B BOCK/IMI2T€JbHBIX ID€HJ1I0X€HHSX:

What an interesting book! , Eakaa HTepecHan Kura!

ố) noce such, quife, rather:

It is such an interesting book! OTO Taka MHTepecHasn KHura!

He is quite an old man OH coBCceM cTapbit 1€JOB€HK

It is rather a complicated question OTO 1O0BOJIbHO CJI03HbL BOINPOC

ApTukib a(an) MoxeT ynoTpe6maTbes Take Nepeg rather:

It is a rather complicated question

B) IOCJI€ MpHJiaraTeJbHbIx € IP€HII€CTBYIOIHHM SO i too:

It is not so simple a problem as it OTo He TaKkaA mpoctan mpo6jnema, Kak

It is too urgent a matter to postpone OTO CAMUIKOM CPOuHbIM BOHpOC, HTOỐPI

©TO MO?KHO ỐbIJIO OTJIO2CHTb

2 ApTHKIb the cTaBiTcq đoc/e MecronMeHHl all n both:

All the students of our group at- Bee CJIYIHAT€2I Hatem rpynnpt 6pm

I have sent both the letters by air A otnpasun o6a nucbMa BO3HTYIHHỌ

£

YIOTPEBJIEHHE APTHKJIH H MECTOHMEHHH sorne MH an

C HMEHAMH CYIHECTBHTEJIbHBIMH HAPHHATEJIbHBIMH

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CYIHI€CTBHT€JIbHBIMH HCUHCAAEMBIMH

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** HekoTopble clyuaH ynoTpe6eHHa HC4YHCIAeMOrO CYLIeCTBHTe/IbHOro B eAHHCTBeH- HOM MHCJ€ Ố€3 OID€I€JIWT€ISH OTM€H€Hb B p23neI€ Omcymcmeue apmuKkaa Pac- CMOTpeHHe IDYTHX CJIydA€B, OỐYC/IOBJI€HHBIX QHCTO CTHUIHCTHH€CKHMH COOỐPA)X€HHSMHN,

24

Give me a pencil

I have a dictionary

The pen is bad

The door is open

HalTe MHe Kapanyaul

BHTb 01HO H3 C761YKOIHIWX CIOB: K@KOl-mo, KaKOl-HŨW0b, oƯWH, 060, 8cđ-

Kuú, Ka2cObiđ HAM 9Mom, mom Hanpumep:

1 IlocMoTpHTel TaM OCTAHOBHJIACb MaIMIHHAa MamHHa oq4eHb KpaCHBậ

4u: Tlocmotpute! TaM OCTaHOBHJIacb KaKađ-TO MAaIIHHAa 3T4 MAIHIHHA O4€Hb KpACHBa4

2 EcTb 1M y Bac MHTepecHag KHura? 2u: EcTb JIH ÿ Bac KaKa#-HHỐYJHb MHT€D€CHa#W KHHFYA3?

ä Buepa KyHHJI OW€Hb HHT€D€CHY!O KHHFY 2: fĐ Bqepa KyHHJI ONHV

OW€Hb HHT€P€CHY!O KHHFYY

4 PeGenok MoxXeT IOHfTb 2To 2: JlOỐOỦ (BCNWKHỦ, Ka#(IBIä) peÕe- HOK MOXXET IOHSTb 270

ưð BoT KHHFA, KOTODYIO Bbi XOTHT€ ïIpoqecTb 2: BOT Ta KHHFA, KOTODVIO BbI XOTHT€ IDOH€CTb

Kak BH]HO H3 IPHM€POB, CMBICJI ID€HJIOXKGHHỦ H€ H3M€HS€TCđ OT IOCTAHOB-

KH Meped CyWecTBHTeJIbHBIMH OMHOTO H3 MepeYHCMeHHbIX COB, XOTA HX CMBbICA COB€DHICHHO AceH H 6e3 HAaNHYHA 3THX CJOB VIOTp€Ố/IÊHH€ B DYCCKOM đ3bIK€

ID CYLI€CTBHT€/IbHBIM OHHOTO H3 I€D€HHCJIHHBIX CJIOB COOTB€TCTBY€T B AH- TJIHCKOM A3bIKe ÿIOTD€Ố/JI€HHIO I€p€I CVII€CTBHT€JIbHBIM ONHOTO H3 apTHKI€H

B rex c1yHađX, KOIIa I€pSN DYCCKHM CYIHICTBHT€JIbHBIM MOXKHO HO CMBICJIY

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Ka2/£Ơbii, ID€H COOTBETCTBVIOIHHM CYHI€CTBHT€JIbHBM WH B AHT/JIHlCKOM HD€T- JIOXHHM CTOMT KJIaCcHHLHPYOHIHB apTHKIb a(an)

B rex CJyHaSX, Kora Tepe, PpycCcCKHM CYINeCCTBHTCJIbHbIM MOMKHO IIO CMHCNV MOcTaBUTb CJIOBO 9MOM HIM mom, Tepe COOTB€TCTBVIOIINM CYILeCTBHTeCJIbHbIM

B AHTIHlCKOM ID€JJIOX€HHH CTOMT HHIHBHHYAJH38DY1OMmHMB apTnKIb the:

1, Hocmotpute! “TAaM OCTAHOBM/IACb

(KaKan-To0) MaIIHHa (Ta) MaULIHHaA

OUeCHb KpacuBaa

2, Ecth JIM ÿ Bac (KaKan-HMỐY/b) HH-

TepecHaa KHHra?

3 Tlocmotpute! Tam crout (Kakoli-To)

MaJIbauk., (OTOT) MaJIbIMK /4©Ð?KHT

(kakoi-Tro) daaxoK Tlocmotpnte,

Kak OH Mallet (9TMM) (bJIA?KEKOM

4 Bu©pa KyHHJI (ONHY) OH€Hb MH-

TepecHy!lo KHMTy

5 Bar BugemM 3yecb (ofHOroO) Malib-

aka HeCKOJIbKO MMHYT TOMY

Hasan?

— jHa, A Bugen 37ecb (Kakoro-To)

MaJbWHEKA (3TOT) MAJIbHHE mobe-

3aJ1 HaB©DX

6 (JIioðoli, RcnKHi, Ka?KNbULii) peOeHOK

MO?K€T HOHJITb 2TO

7 Bor (Ta) KHHFrA, KOTODVIO BbI XOTMT©

Look! A car has stopped there The car is very beautiful

Have you an interesting book?

Look! A boy is standing there The boy is holding a little flag Look how he is waving the flag

I bought a very interesting book yesterday

Did you see a boy here a few minutes ago?

— Yes, I saw a boy here The ° boy ran upstairs

A child can understand it

Here is the book you want to read

HpnMewanHe CI€HY€T HM€Tb B BHHY, UTO MHOFH3 H€D€/I pyccKUM CYLIECTBHT€JIbHbIM

MO)KHO IIO CMBbICJIY HOCTABHTb KâK MÊCTOHM€HH€ Mom, Tak ú 41i0Ốo0, 8c8KuỦ, maKoú B 3T0M

caydae Meped ãHT/JHCKHM CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHbIM CTOHT KJ1ACCW(HHHPYIOHIHđ APpTHKBE:

MHOFOTO

CpOE

TakHM o6pa30M, XOTA B PyCCKOM A3bIke aDTHKJIM, KaK TAaKOBble, H OTCYT- CTBYIOT, 3HAYeHHA, MepesaBaeMble apTHKAMH, MOryT ỐBITb B ỐOJbHIOM KOJM- yecTBe CyYaeB BbIPaKeHbl OCOObIMH CIOBAMH, KOTOPble MOXKHO pacCMaTPHBaTb KAK 0OïID€H€JIHT€JIH CYLI€CTBHT€JIbBHOTO ——¬ S3KBHBaNeCHTbI APTHKIS B DYCCKOM 43bIK€ Pa3HHIA M€XKIYV AHT/IHHCKHM H DYCCKHM 83bIKOM 3AKJIOUA€TCđ B CjJ©- HYyOII€M: B AHT/HỦCKOM #3biK€ YIOTP€Ố/I€HW€ I€p€H CVILI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM apTHK-

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IlpwuwewanHe Bo MHOTHX C1Y43đ8X DYCCKH€ HDE€H/0X€HWf 3ByYaT OMHAKOBO XOpollio Kak TIPH H37HWHH TIeDeđ CyLHI€CTBHT€/BHbIMH C/10B-2KBHBA/I€HTOB APTHKJIS, TâaK H Ố€3 3THX CJ10B:

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H€CTb

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MH CYLI€CTBHT€/IbHbIMH, HHKOTH2 H€ 341YMBIBAIHCb Ha/ HX Hả/IHNH€M HHH OTCYTCTBHEM ƠnHaKO OHH OW€Hb CKOPO 0OCB4HBAIOTCH € 2THM BHOM YIP4)KH€HHđ H J€TKO IPOM3B80HHT BBIỐOp TpeỐye- MOTO IIO CMbICYV C/I0BA 3aTpyMHeHHA, KOTOPbI€ ÿHAIIH€CN CHaH4/1a WCHHITBIBAIOT B BBIỐOp€ CJ10B- 2KBHB4/I€HTOB apTHKIA B PYCCKOM ASbIKe, MOKASbIBAIOT, HACKO/JIbKO HM TDYHHQ Ốe3 TâKOH npen- BapHTeJbHOM MOATOTOBKH, Dalle HM ONOPHY!O TOYKy B POZHOM A3bIKe, OCBOHTbCH C BbIGopoM apTHKJA B YYKOM HM @HPIHHCKOM ASbIKe

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HHA, C KOTOPOM AHT7/MUAH€ pâCCMATPHBAIOT IDEIMT IPH BBIỐOp€ TOFO H/IH HHOFO apTHKAA 4H, Ta- Kun o6pasom, OKa3biBaloTCca B GovIbIOH CT€I€HH IONTOTOB/EHHbIMM K TÊOD€THHECKHM OỐbđCH€HH-

§ 6 B HeKoToOpbIX cayyaax Mepey pycCKHM CYLIeCTBHTeJIbHbIM MOKHO Mo CMEICJY IOCTABHTb IDHTWXKAT€JIbHO© M€CTOHM€HH€ C80, XOTđ OHO HACTO AB- JIIĐTCđ JIHUIHHM, â BO MHOTHX CJIYHÀX IOCTAHOBKA 3TOTO M€CTOHM€HH% 1aX<e

€JIA@T DYCCKO€ IID€H/10XK€HH€ H€€CT€CTB€HHBM Ư 3THX C7ÿyda8X I€p€T CoOT- B€TCTBYIOIHIHM CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM B AHT/JHlCKOM ID€IJOXGHHH CTOHT OIHO H3 IPpHTđXAT€JIbHbBIX M€CTOHM€HHỬ, a H€ ApTHKJb: -

J TOBODMI 3£eH€ (CBoOel cene) 06

TOM

Ou mpoBen oTmyck (cBomM OTHYCK) B

Kppimy

OH HOJIO3KMNI DYKY (CBOH pyKy) B

KapMaH (CBOH KapMaAR)

I told my wife about it

He spent his leave in the Crimea

He put his hand in his pocket

§ 7 TaKHM OỐPpA3OM, B OTHOUWICHHH HCUHCJIAeMBIX CYHIVCTBHT€JIbHBX B 8IHHCTB€HHOM HHCJI€ MOXKHO YCTAHOBHTb C/161ÿIOHUI€ COOTBETCTBHT B DYCCKOM

Mi aHTUJIMlCKOM Đ3bIKAX:

l Ecw Iepen pYCCKHM CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBM MOXKHO IO CMBICIY IOCTABHTb

OHO H3 COB KaKOU-mo, KaKoli-nu6yOv, OƯuH, 4!OỐOỦ, 8CđKUỦ, Kđ2€Obll, TO

Tepe €OOTB€TCTBYIOHIHM CVII€CTBHT€/IbHBIM B AHT/HHCKOM IID€HJ1OXK€HHW CTOHT

K/IACCW(QNWHHpYIOHLBỦ apTHKUD

2 Ec1H Iepen pYCCKHM CVHI€CTBHT€JIbHBM MOXKHO IO CMBICIY HOCTABHTb CJIOBO 2/1071 WNH 0m, T0 IepeI COOTB€TCTBYIIHWM CYLI€CTBHT€JbHBM B AH- TJIMHCKOM ID€JJ103K€HHM CTOHT HH1HBHHYAJ1W3WDYLLHỦ apTHKUb

3 Ecw Iepen DYCCKMM CVLI€CTBHT€JIbHHM MOXKHO HO CMBICJIY HOCTABHTb IIDHTđ3XaT€/bHO€ M€CTOHM€HH€ C80Ú, TO IIVDSI COOTB€TCTBVIOIHHM CVIHIECTBM- T€JIbBHBM B AHTJIHÏCKOM IID€HJIOXK€HWH CTOMT IDHTWđXXAaT€JIbHO€ MBCTO- HM€HHe

4 Ecnw Iepeđ DYCCKHM CYIICTBWT€JIbHBM H€/Ib3Ø IO CMBbICJIY HOCTABHTb

HH OđHOTO H3 CJIOB-2KBHBA/IeHTOB ADTHK/JII, HH IDHTSKAT€/IbHOTO M€CTOHM€HMS, IIVD€T C€OOTB€TCTBVIOLHIM CYHI€CTBHT€JIbHbIM B AHT/JIMÍCKOM ID€JI7IOXK€HHW CTOHT KJ1acc€CH(ẴMuUuHpYyĐH-HỦ apTHKUb

IIpumeuaune B TeX CJYyHAHX, KOTHA H3/HuH€ IÊPp€I DYCCKHM CVLI€CTBHT€JbHbIM €0B 3mom, mom, KaKoú-mo, AIo6oú, 8c8Kul, Kqa%cObtl, O04H ABIACTCA OOAZATE/DbHbIM, T.€ 3TH COBA

He MOryT 6bITb ONMYWeHb! 63 HapyWICHHA CMBbICa TIP€/UI0XGHHS, IẾDEH COOTBETCTBYIOLUMM 3H- TIMHCKHM CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM CTOHT COOTB€TCTB€HHO 01HO 43 MecToMMeHHH this, that, some, any, every, each uM 4MCAMTeAbHOe One, a He apTHKJIb:

Ta KHHIA MHTepecHaa, a ova (Ta) KHHrA

HeMHTepecHaa

B KaKOM oxKypHase BEI unTamm 06 sTOM? —

Al He NOMHIO, B KaKOM-TO aHTJINiicKOoM

3y DHa1€

Đhi MØO?K€T€ B3ØHTb JIOỐYIO KHHYY; OHM BCe

WHT©De€CHH€,

# paarOBADWBAJI OỐ 3TOM C€ KA3HIBIM CTY-

eHTOM NepBoro KyPpca

Bur fam MHe ogHy Kuury ge apyrne?

This book is interesting, and that book is not interesting

In which magazine did you read about it?

— I don’t remember, in some English magazine

You may take any book; they are all in- teresting

I spoke about it to each first year student You have given me one book Where are the others?

CyUieCTBHT€JIEHEIe § 8 B aHrnHlCKOM s3bike I€D€I WCHWCJII€MHM

BO MHO?E©CTB€HHOM WHCJI© CYH(€CTBHT€JIbHBM BO MHOX€CTBEHHOM HWCJ€ MO-

XX€T CTOWTb HHMBHYA/IM3WDYIOLHMỦ ApTMKIb, MeC- TOHM€HW€ Some€ (An) HIW OID€TI€JIHT€JIb MOXXET OTCYTCTBOBATb KJaccww- IWPYIOIHMWỦ APTHKIb H€ VIOTp€ỐIS€TCØ1 I€D€H CYLI€CTBHT€IbHHM BO MHOXe€- CTB€HHOM HWCJ€, IOCKOJIbKY OH JO H€KOTODỌ CT€I€HH COXDAHHI 3HaqeHWe NHCJINT€JIbHOTO Of16 ØØH, 0T KOTODOTO 0H IDOH30LI€U]:

The pencils are red

There are some pictures in this book

They are doctors

Kapanyalin Kpacuple

B stow KHMT€ ©€CTb MJIUJIOCTDALHMH OHM — BpaI

B pycCKOM Ø3bIK© CyHI€CTBHT€JIbHO€ BO MHOX(©€CTBEHHOM HHCJ€, KAK H CVLI©- CTBHT€/IbHO€ B ©HHCTB€HHOM HHCJI€, H€ HYXC1A€TCđØ B COIDOBOTWMT€JIbHOM CJIOBe

— 0Ip€JI€/IMT€I€ ONđHaKO B H€KOTODbIX €JIy4a8X I€DpSI DYCCKHM CVLHI€CTBH- T@JIbHbIM BO MHOXKECTBEHHOM HHCJ€ MOXHO HO CMbICJIV HOCTABWHTb OIHO H3

COB! HECKOAbKO, HEKOMOPOE KOAUYECMBO, KaKue-mo, KaKue-HUubyOdd B HeKo-

TOPBIX 3€ CJIYWÀX HOCTAHOBKA STHX COB JIOTHH€CKH H€BO3MOXKHa Ð TeX CJY- yaax, Koga IDeH DYCCKHM CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM MOXHO HO CMBICIY HOCTABHTb OIHO H3 I€DeHHCJIHHbIX CJIOB, H€D€H COOTB€TCTBVIOIHINM CYLI€CTBHT€/IBHbIM B AHTJNMÏCKOM I€JJIOXGHHM CTOHT MeCTOHMeHHe Soíme (any) B Tex cydasX, KOIIA IIVDSH DYCCKHM CYHIVCTBHT€JIbHBM H€Jb3Ø8 IOCTABHTb HH ONHOTO H3 2THX C/I0B, I€D€/I COOTB€TCTBVIOHIHM CYHICTBHT€JbHBM B AHT/IHfCKOM Ip€TJ10- 3X4€HHH OIP€/€/JIHT€JIb OTCVYTCTBY€T:

l.đÏ Buepa KyHHI HỐIOEW (He€-

CEOJbKO, H€KOTOPO€ KOJIHIH€CTBO

HOOK)

I bought some apples yesterday

A mo6mo sOn0Kn

2 Kto Tam ctronr? — Tam cToaT /J€TH

(HeckONbKO JeTel, KakMe-TO WerTh)

azc© N€TH MOTYT NOHATS 9TO

3 ECTb J1 y Bac KHMIM HO pyccKon

I like to read books on Russian his- tory

§ 9 B HekoTopbix cayyaax Mepeq pyCCKHM CYLIeECTBHTeIbHbIM BO MHOKe-

CTB€HHOM YHCJle MOXKHO M0 CMbICY NOCTABHTb COBO 6ce B 3HAYeHHH A10b01e, 8caKue B 3THX CđyHaØ8X Mepe COOTB€TCTBVIOIINM CYLIeCTBHTeIbHbIM B aH- TJIMÏCKOM ID€HJIOK€HHH OID€6JIHT€Ib TâKX€ OTCYTCTBYVGT:

Pacrenun (Bce, BCHEKMe€, J1OỐbI€

PpACTeHHM1W) Hy?#1AIOTCđ B BO/

Jerm (Bce 1€TH) JIOỐđT MTPpATb

Plants require water

Children like to play

§ 10 B HekoTopbix ciyyaax I€P€H DYCCKHM CYHI€CTBHT€JIbHbIM BO MHOX@- CTB€HHOM HHCJI€ MOXKHO HO CMBICJIY HOCTABHTb CJIOBO 271 HH me B 3THX cJY-

!J48X H€P€H COOTB€TCTBYIOLHIHM CYHI€CTBHT€/JIbHBM B 2HTIHlCKOM ID€TJ1OX€HMH CTOWT HHIHBHHVAJ1H3MDVIOIMl ApTHKJb (KâK HW IpH BO3MOXCHOCTH IOCTA2HOBKH CJOB 3/1071, moff14 đepe1 €YLI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM B ©€IWHCTB€HHOM HHCJ6 — CM § 7):

OH HOKa3ANI MHe BYuepa OYeHb MHOTO

CHMMKOB JieHuHTpaga (OTM) cHUM-

KM ỐbI7IW O©Hb XODOIII©

Al KynMn đBa ?KEYPpHAaHa Buepa (OTH)

KY PHAJIbI OUCHE MHTeEPECHBIE

Yesterday he showed me very many pictures of Leningrad The pictures were very good

I bought two magazines yesterday The magazines are very interesting

HÍpHMedqaHHe€ Cđ€1y€T HM€Tb B BHHY, HTO HHOFHA H€P€N DYCCKHM CYHI€CTBHT€JIBHbIM BO MHOXKECTBEHHOM HHC/I€ MOXXHO IO CMBICIV HOCTABHTb KâK M€CTOHM€HH€ f2, TâK H 6C6, makue B ĐTOM CJIYHA€ H€p€J AHTHÏCKHM CVUHI€CTBHT€/bHBIM OID€T€JIHT€JIb OTCYTCTBY€T (Cp € IPHMe- qAHMe€M T Ì, cTp 26):

CAH, HOCTMT7AIOT OH€@Hb MHOTOTO

Tonbko (T€, TAaKM€) CTYV/I©HTBI, KOTODEI© `

pa6oTaroT cMcTeMaTM4ecKM, MOryT OBJIa-

€Tb MHOCTpaHHbIM ASbIKOM B KOPOTKM

much

Only students who work systematically can master a foreign language in a short time

CpoK

§ 11 B HeKOTOpbiX cJyUađX IIep€I pYCCKHM CYHI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM BO MHOX©- CTB€HHOM HHCJI MOXXHO HO CMBICJY IOCTABHTb HDHTØXXAT€JbHO€ MeCTOHM€HHe c8ou B 3THX CJIYda8X H€P€R COOTBETCTBVIOIHHM CYIIECTBHT€JIbHBM B 4HTJHỦ- CKOM TID€HJIOXGHHM CTOHT IDHTfXXAT€/bHO€ M€CTOHM€HH€ (Kak H MpH BO3MOX- 28

HOCTH IOCTAHOBKH MeCTOHMeHHA CBou Meped CYLIECTBHTebHLIM B eMHHCTBeH-

§ 12 Takum OỐpA30M, B OTHOLHIeHHH CÿLIe€CTBHT€/IbHBIX BO MHOXX€CTBEHHOM

HJHCJ€ MOXKHO YCTAHOBHTb CJI6YIOIIH€ COOTBeTCTBHf B DYCCKOM HW aHrJIMHCKOM 83bIKAX:

1 ECJIH I€P€N DYCCKHM CVII€CTBHT€UIbHBHM MOX(HO HO CMBbICIY HOCTABMTb OHO 3 COB: HECKOAKO, HEKOMOPOe KONUNECMBO, KAKUe-MO, KAaKue-nUbYyOd,

TO Mepef COOTB€TCTBYIOIHIWM CYLICCTBHTCJIbHBIM B AHTJHHCKOM ID€THJOXK€HHH ÿIOTp€Ố.IãeTcC MeCTOHMe€HHe Soíme (any)

2 Ecaw ñepe1 pDYCCKHM CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBM MOXKHO HO CMEICIY HOCTABHTb CJOBO 2/1 HJH /, TO I€D€H COOTBeTCTBYIOIIIM CYLI€CTBHT€/IbHbIM B AHT/HH- CKOM IID€J7I0X€HWH YÿIIOTp€Ố/JI€TC1 HHHBHHYAJ1H3HDpYĐ HH ApTHKUb

3 Ecw nepe1 pYCCKHM CYLHIeCTBHT€JIbHBM MOXHO HO CMbICJIY HOCTABHTb IDHT8XXAT€/IbHO€ M€CTOHM€HH€ CBOU, TO Mepef COOTB€TCTBYIOIIHM CYLLECTBH- TeJIbHBIM B AHTJHHCKOM Hp€HJOXGHWH VIOTP€Ố/I€TCH MPHTAKaTeAbHOe M€CTOHM€HH©

4 EcnH ñepe1 DYCCKHM CYULI€CTBHT€JIbHBHM MOXXHO HO CMEICIY HOCTABWTb CJOBO ØCđ H 3HAH€HHfÑ ⁄/0Ốbi@, 8CWKIH@ HN H€JIb3Ø TOCTABHTb HH O0NHOTO H3 IIDeWHCJ€HHBX C/I0B, TO I€D€H COOTBETCTBYMIHHM CYII€CTBHT€JbHBM B 4H- TJIMHCKOM IP€J/10€HHMH OITD€/€JIHT€JIb OTCYTCTBY€T

Ce0BAT€/IbHO, IDH IOMOLIMH YCTAHOB/JIHHbIX COOTB€TCTBHH B AHT/IHlCKOM H DYCCKOM Ø3bIKAX KaK B OTHOLIHHH CYLI€CTBHT€/IbHBIX B ©€HHCTBEHHOM HHCJe€, TâK W B OTHOHIHHH CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHbIX BO MHOXX€CTBeHHOM HHCJI6, MOXHO OID€- I@JHTb, CJI6IY€T JH yMoTpe6HTb Nepef AHTJIHlCKHM HCHWHCJIR€MbIM CYII€CTBH- T€JIbHbIM KJACCHÙHUHDVOULIIMH HH NHHBHNYA/M3HDYIOIHHD ApTHKJIb, M€CTO- HMeHHe some (any), NpHTAKaTebHOe MeCTOHMeHHe WIM He CulelyeT ynoTpeb- JIITb HHKAKOTO 0ID€J/IHT€/18+

,

YnorpeÕÐ2ienMe KJIACCH(PHIMDYIOHISTO APTHKJII H MGCTOMM€HHHÍ SOTne M any c

MCWMCJII€MBIMH CYHI€CTBMT€JIbSHBIMH

§ 13 KaK Ốbl1o yxe yKa3aHO, KaccCH*HUMPYIOWWHH apTHKIb a (an) mpo-

H30II@JI OT HHCJIHT€/IbHOTO OMe OOUH H ynoTpebideTCA MOSTOMY TOMbKO C HC- YHCAAEMBIMH CYLMeCTBHTEIDHBIMH B ©€1HHCTB€HHOM HHCJe€

KnaccWÙMWUWpYOIIHỦ apTHKJIb VKA3BIBA€T Hã TO, HTO ID€IM€T, OỐO3HAUW€H- HĐBIỦ CVII€CTBHT€/IbHbIM, IDHHA/7I6MT K KAaKOMY-HHỐYTb K/IâCCY Ip€M€TOB, HO

H€ BbiI€JI€T ©€TO H3 OIHODpOHHBIX IpeIMeToOB TaKHM OỐpA30M, 0H WMe€€T, KâK

IIOKA3biBA@T ©TO HA3BAHHe, KJIACCH{WLWDYIOIIe€ 3HaeHWe CYLII€CTBHT€/JIbHO€ €

KJIACCW(HUHDYIOIIMM apTHKJeM ID€TCTAB/I8€T COỐOỦ HA3BA2HHe€ [IpeIM€TA BOOỐ-

lye, a He HA3BA3HH€ 0IDeeJeHHoro IpenMeTa TaK, a house BbisbiBaeT mpescta- BJI€HH€ O HOM€ BOOỐII€, T.e O XXHJIOM 313HHH HH CTDO€HHH, HO He ID€ICTAB- JieHWe 0Ố 0Ip€/6/IeHHoM /0Me; a book Bbi3biBAeT ID€ICTAB/IeHH€ O KHHre BO- OỐII€, T.e O I€ATHOM IPOH3B€I©HHH, HO He OỐ OIP€€JI€HHOỦ KHHre; a stu- dent BbI3biBaeT IpeCTAB/I€HWe O CTY/€HT€ BOOỐIH€, T.e OỐ ÿYdAIIeMCñ BbiCHIeTO VH€ỐHOTO 34B€I€HHI, HO He OỐ OID€T€JIVHHOM JIHUL€ M T.H HaCTO 3HAU€HHe KJaccH(HUHDYIOIIETo APTHKJIA MOMKHO BbIPASHTb B PYCCKOM ñ3bIK€ TAKHMH CJ10-

BaMH, Kak OOUH, KaKou-mo, KaKoll-nubydo, ecaKul, Arbol, Kaxcdoltt Bo MHO-

+ Cyryuav, Korga HeJIb3A VCTAHOBHTb H€OỐXOHWMOCTb ynoTpe6JIeHHA HHIHBHIY3IH- 3HpylOulero apTHKJIA Mepey aHTIMHCKHM CYWIECTBHTe/IbHEIM TIP HOMOHIH ÿKA34HHBIX Co- OTBETCTBHH, OyAYT OroBopeHbl HHXKe

THX CJÿHA8X, 01HAKO, B DYCCKOM đ3bIK€ H€T H€OỐXOHHMOCTH I€P€HABATb 3HAWe- HW© KJaCcCW(HUHDYOLIETO apTHKJ8 OCOỐBIMH CJIOBAMH

Cayuau ynompe6seHun KAaccu@uuupyrowezo apmukanr

§ 14 1 CymectsutenbHoe ynoTpe6seTcaA C KlaccHDHUMpyIOWIHM apTH-

KJIÊM, KOFTHA peub HOeT 06 OAHOM KaKOM-HHOyAb JMUe HAM MpelMere, eye H€W3B€CTHOM COỐ€C€HHKV HJIH HHTAT€/IOĨ, YIOMHHA©€MOM BIDBBI€ ÂpTHKJb a(an) B 2T0M CJIÿYUa© HM€€T H€KOTODBIH OTTÈHOK KOJIHH€CTB€HHOTO 3HAH€HHS,

IDHỐJIWXXa%Cb K HWCJIHT€/IbHOMYV Of€ Ò/H:

He bought a book yesterday ƠH KyHMI (ONHY, KaKy1O-TO) KHUTY

It happened in a small town in Sibe- Oro cayyunocb B (OHHOM, KAKOM-TO)

B 9TOM CJYyHA©6, KâK BHIHO H3 MpHMePOB, Mepe COOTBETCTBYIOLIMM cy- II€CTBHT€JIbHBIM B DYCCKOM ID€JJIOXGHWW MOXXHO HO CMBICJIY IOCTABHTb OHHO M3 CJIOB: KŒKOl-f1O, KaKOÚ-HUỐWQb, OOUH

CyIIe€TBWT€./IbHO€ YIOTp€Ố/JI8€TCđ € KJJACCHÙHLHWPYOIIHM apTHKJeM TocJe o6opota there iS, IOCKO/IbKY TaKol 0Ố0pOT BBO/HT ID€TM€T, ©II€ H€H3B€CTHHI

There is a telephone in this room B sToM KOMHaTe ecTb TesecboH

CyulecTBHTewbHoe TakKe HO2TOMY OỐbIHHO VIOTP€ỐJf€TC1H C€ KJIAaCCHÙN- IHPYIOUWIM ApTHKJIeM IOCJe rJ1aroa to have:

I have a dictionary Y MCHA CCTb CJIOBapb

IIlpHMewanMe PacIpoCTpAHeHHOH OHIHỐKOH YHALIHXCH đB86TCH YHOTp€ỐJIEHH€ HHCJH- TeibHoro one BMecTO apTHKasA a(an) IpH OỐO3HAHeHHH JIHHA WIM MpefMerta, ellie HeM3BecTHOrO co6eceqHHky WIM 4ATATeIIO, NOCKOMbKy B 9TO0M CJIYHAE B DYCCKOM đ3biK€ 42CT0 VIOTP€Ố/IRETCđ OƯ1t CO 3Hau©HH©M KữKOl-f0, HeKul:

"A man (a He: one man) told me about it

I read it in a magazine (a He: one maga- zine)

AMYeCTBa YIOTpeốJ18eTcg H€0IID€T€€HHoe€ M€CTOWM€HW€ SOII€ B YTB€D/IH- T€JIbHBIX IDp€HIOX€HHäX HW any B BONIDOCHT€GJIbPHBHX WOTDHHAaT€©JIbBHBMX Hp€H1O%XE€HW1đX:

OnHH 4€JIOB€K DACCK838/I MH€ OỐ 8TOM

#Ï IOH2I 8TO B ONHOM ?£VPpHAJE -

He has sent me some magazines from

There are some pencils in the box

Are there any pencils in the box?

There aren’t any pencils in the box

Ou mpvicnast MHe ?#ÃYDHA/IbI (H€CKOJIbKO

#KYpHaNOB) “3 JleHuurpaza

IIpucsan 0M OH BaM *%KypHaJtpl (kKaKue- HMOYAb KypHambl) “3 Jlenuurpaya?

_ỞH H© IĐ1ICJIAI MHe *KypHasioB (HU-

KaKMx KypHaJOB) “3 JleHuurpaga

B xopo6ke ©eCTb KapaH/IaIIW (H€CKOZIb-

30

IIpumesanne Ynotpe6eHHe some H anY B 2THX CJYdA8X MpegcTaBIAeT TDYHHOCTb H18 ÿUALIWXCH, NMOCKOMbKY B pyCCKOM A3bIKe HEOMpeseMeHHOe KO/IMYeECTBO YaCTO He BbiparKaeTca Ta- KMMM CJIOBAMH, Kak HECKOAbKO, HEKOMOPOE KOAUHECMBO, KAKUe-mo, KAKue-HUubYyOw, HUKGKMG, COOTBETCTBYIOLIMMK some KM anV B âHFHHCKOM đ3bIKe B aHrIHHCKOM Xe Ø3bIK€ CJIOBA, Bbipa- XAIOLIN€ HeOIp€7€/IEHHO€ KO/IMU€CTBO, H€ MOTYT ỐbITb OTyLHI€HbI ECJIH B IpHB€HEHHHIX NPH- Mepax There are some pencils in the box w Has he sent you any magazines Írom Leningrad? OnycTHTb SOME WIM any, TO p€db ỐyHẾT HHITH Hệ O HeOMpeseeHHOM KOMMYeCTBE NpezMeTos, a O IPEIM€TAX ONHOTO K/IACCA, IDOTHBOIOCTAB/I€HHbIX MpegMeTaM gppyroro Klacca Tak, npenoKenve There are pencils in the box o3HauaeT, 4YTO B KopoOKe HM@IOTCA HMCHHO KapaHmalv, a He Mepba, KOHB€PTH H T.1.; Bonpoc Has he sent you magazines from Leningrad? umeeT B BHZY BbIACHHTb, ObINM JIM MIpHCaHbl MMeHHO MKypHaJbl, ä H€ KHHTH, f33€TbI M T.H

2 CyIIIeCTBHT€/IbHO€ YIOTp€Ố/I8€TCf € K/IACCHHHIHDYIOIIWM apTHKseM, Kor-

a WMeeTcA B BAHAY 11060 MpeAcTaBHTeb I2HHOTO K/IACCA JMH HH Hp€TMe€- TOB 7

A child can understand it ` Pe6enoE (JlOỐOH, BCAHKMM, KA?2KTbLI

P€ỐEHOK) MOX@T IOHRTb 3TO

EBanpar (JlOỐol, BCHKHỦ, Ka%4HbLÙli KBATDaAT) MMEeT YeTHIPe CTOPOHBI

A square has four sides

B 9ToM caydae, KaK BHAHO H3 MpHMepoB, Mepem COOTB€TCTBVIOIHHM CY- UI€CTBHT€/IBHBIM B DYCCKOM HD€J/JIOX€HHW MOXKHO HO CMPICIY HOCTABHTb 01HO H3 CJOB: 4/2ỐO0Ủ, 8C8KUỦ, KA2cdbtl

Bo MHOKecTBEHHOM HHCIe apTHKJIb OTCYTCTBYeCT H HE 3aMeCHHeCTCA HIDY- TMM OMpeevIHTeJieM:

Children can understand it

Squares have four sides

3 CYyLteCTBHT€/IbHO€ YIOTp€Ố/I8€TCđ € K/J1ACCHHLHHPpYROIHHM apTHKseM, Kor-

Ma OHO OỐO3H24A€T, KeM H/H H€M ABIACTCA JIHHO HJIH IDTMET, O KOTODOM TOBOPHTCA B Ip€//10eHWH TaKO€ CYLI€CTBHT€/IbHO€ C/Iÿ)KHT B Ip€//10XGHMH: Aa) HM€HHOỦ HACTbIO COCTABHOTO CKA3V€MOFTO:

My brother is an engineer

His sister has become a doctor

This is a dictionary

Ố) IpH7IOXC€HH€M:

My friend, a history teacher, has

been awarded the Order of Lenin

Comrade A., a student at our Insti-

tute, took the first place in the

chess tournament

Moi 6pat — uuoxenep

Ero cecTpa cTasia Bpauom, OTO — CHOBapb

Mou mpuatenb, HPEIHOHABATGJIb 1IC- TOpMu, HarpaskgeH opgeHom JleHnua TOBAPMUHI À., CTYH€HT Halero uHcTu- TyTa, 3aHHJ MepBoe MecTO B IIâX- MaTHOM TypHupe

B 3T0M CđyHa©€ H€P€I COOTBETCTBYIOIIHM CYLI€CTBHT€JbHBIMM B DYCCKOM IID€I/7I0€HHH H€/Ib3Ø8 IOCTABHTb HH OTHOTO H3 C€/I0B-3KBHBA/I€HTOB ApTHK/IH

Bo MHOKeCTBEHHOM MHHCJIe apTHKJIb OTCYTCTBYeT H He 3aMeHHETCA APy- THM OID€H€JIHNT€/IEM:

They are engineers

Comrade A and Comrade B., students at our Institute,

took the first place in the chess tournament

lÏpHuMewaHHe C/€1y€T HM€Tb B BHHÿ, WTO I€D€H CVHIECTBHT€/IbHbIM, CJIY3XXAHIHM HM€HHOH 4CTblOQ CKA3ÿ€MOTO H/IH DHJIOXX€HHEM, MOXXET CTOSTb H HHHBHHY3/IM3MDYIOUIHBE apTHK Tb, Korga D€tb HJI€T O JHHe HJIH ID€nM€T€ (IHUAX HH HpERMETAX), BbIIE/IÊHHOM W3 BCeX JHU WIM MpegMe-

TOB MaHHoro KJlacca:

Comrade Ivanov, the inventor of this ma-

chine, is an old friend of mine

These are the books you were looking for

Tosapmuy Msanos, 30Ốp©€TAT€JIb 3TỌÍ mMa- WIMHbI, MOM cTapbIa MpMATep

Bot KHUrM, KOTOpbIe BbI MCKaJIM

llepen CcyLI€CTBHT€JIbHBM, CYXCIHHM IDHIOXGHHM, HHIHBHHYA/M3HDYIOUMBH apTHKJIb VIOTp€Ố/€TCH H B TOM CJIÿ1A€, KOFHA IIDHJIOX€HH© OTHOCHTCH K CYLI€CTBHT€JbHOMY, OỐO3HA- 118IOII€MY JI4HO, I0JIb3ÿIOIH€€Cđ UIHDOKOH H3B€CTHOCTbIO:

4 CyulecTBHTebHOe yoTpeOseTcaA € K/IACCHŸĐHUHDVOUIHIM apTHKseM, KOr-

fa peub UfeT O JIHH©€ H/JIH ID6HM€T€ HM€HHO 1AHHOTO KJIACCA B OTJIHUH€ OT JIHL WJIH ID€NM€TOB 1DYFOTO KJIaCCa:

I wear a cap in summer and a hat in JÏeTOM A HOHIY K€IHKY (MM€HHO K€HKY,

HbK HIJIRHYV (MM€HHO HIUJIHHY, ä He

IDYTOH TOJI0BHÓ yỐOP)

When I write, I always use a pen lOTHA Ø4 HHIHY, A BC€THA HOJIb3SVIOCb

TI€DOM (MM€HHO TlepoM, a He KapaH-

We wear caps in summer and hats in autumn

When we write, we always use pens

coxpaHfeT 3HaueHHe UHCMTebHOrO One COUN:

I shall come in an hour 4Ï IpMy qepe3 (OHMH) dạc

He did not say a word OH He CKa3a.I HH (OHHOTO) CJIOBA

I have bought a pound of sugar ˆ_ #1 KYHM (OHWH) cbyHT caxapy

The price of this commodity is five lÏẰẴHa 2TOTO TOBADA HHTb IHWUJJIMIHTOB shillings a kilogram 3a (OHMH) KMJIOTDaMM

KnaccHCHUIHpYIOMH apTHKJIb VIOTpeỐ/8€TCf HApSHY C 4MCJIMTeJIbHBIM one

nepen hundred cmo, thousand moicaua, mí|lOn 2240H, SCOre dead-

yamo, dozen droxcuna:

He has won a (one) thousand roubles Ou BbIMrpasy! ThIcauy DyÕ1eli

The case weighs a (one) hundred Aum BecuT CTO (DYHTOB

pounds

§ 16 KnaccHHHHDYyIOLIHỦ apTHkb TakxKe ynotpe6sercax:

1 Hepen NWCHW€CJIi€MBM CYIHIS€CTBHT€JIbBHHM B €HHHCTB€HHOM HHCJI€, CTONIHIHM noce whal B 3HayeHHH KĐKOÚỦ, 4m0 3đ B BOCKJINU2T€JIbHBIX IP€J1JI0)K€HHWSX:

What a clever man! 1arkof (To 3a) YMHBII yenoBex! What a fine building! Kaxoe (UTo 3a) mpexpacnoe syanue!

Ipumewanna: lL Ilepen HCHHCJđI€MBMH CYULI€CTBHT€JIbHBMH BO MHOX€CTBEHHOM HHC7J© H nepey HeHCYHCACMbIMH CYLUECTBHTCAbHbIMH aPTHKJIb OTCYTCTBYET:

What beautiful pictures! - Kakue đpeKpaCHEIe KaDTMHHIÌ

2 B BonpocnTeabHbIx Mpegomenuax nocie what B 3HayeHHM KAKO apTHKAb OTCYTCTBYET:

2 Ilepen đcHH€JeMbIM CVULI€CTBHT€/IbHbIM B ©€1đHHCTB€HHOM HHC/JI, CTONSLHIHM noce sụch maxođ, quife còcew wä rather ởo804pHO:

She is such a clever woman! Oua Taka yMHaaA oKeHUIMHa!

+ YnoTpeOjieHHe KMaccHHUMpylollero apTHK/IA B CyYaAX, yKa3aHHbIX B 39TOM Mapa- Tpade, HOIHHHIeTCfW OỐIHHM IpABHJIAM VHOTp€ỐJeHHH KaccHHuUMpywoulero apTHKAA, H€34BHCHMO OT HAMHHN I€P€I CVHIVCTBHT€/JIbHbIM H€D€HHCJI€HHBIX CJIOB 2TH CJIYHAH BbIJ€/IÊHbI TO/IbKO H3 M€TO0HH€CKWX COOỐPAXXeHHH

32

She is quite a young girl OHa COBCeM MO/IOHam IeByInka

It is rather a long story OTO AOBONbHO AJIMBHBIM pacckKas

Upumesaune Teper HCHHCIf€MBIMH CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBMH BO MHOX(G€CTBHHOM HHCJIE H HI€D€H H€HCHHC/Jñ€MbIMH CYLI€CTBHT€/IEHBIMH ADTHK/JIbB OTCYTCTBYeT:

3 [lepen MCUHCAACMBIM CYUICCTBHTCJIbBHBIM B CHHHCTBCHHOM UHCyle, ofipee- JIM€MBIM HIDHJATAT€/IbBHHM C ID€HII€CTBYIOIHHM SO 14K W.H too cruwKom:

It is not so simple a problem as it T0 He TaKañ IDOCTañ IpOỐ/IeMa, KaK

©TO MO?KHO ÕbIJIO OTJIO?KMTb

OốopoTrH TAKOTO THIIAa C HïCHHC/II€MHM CYHI€CTBHT€JIEHBM BO MHOK€CTBCH- HOM UHCJie H C HEHCYHCJIACMBIM CVIH€CTBWT€JIEHBIM H€ BGTD€HAIOTCH

Ceodka cayuaee ynompebaenun Kaaccu@uyupyroweco ApMUKAR

1 Korga peu upeT 0 Ka- Show me a map of TlokaxuTe MHe kKapTy

JIMII© MJIM WpeyMere, ere

HeEUSBeECTHOM coe-

C©HHMKY MIM NHHTAT€JHO,

VHOMMWHä€MOM BIDBbIE

2 Kora umeetTca B BUY A child can under- Pe6enok MO3K€T HOHRNTb

IAHHOTO KJIACCA JIMH uM

3 EOrza CYLIeCTBWHT€JbHO€ My brother is an Mout 6pat unaxenep o$osHauaeT, KEM MUIH engineer

4eM <ABJIAeTCA JIMHO

MJIM TIDTM€T, O KOTODOM -

TOBODMTCH B Hp€/IO€- | `

HUN

4 Korma peu ugeT o muue I wear a cap in JIeToM A HOULy KenKy, MJM IID©HM€T€ MMeCHHO summer and a a OceHbIO WINANYy H8AHHOTO Kgacca B hat in autumn

Kmacca

5 Co sHayeHMeM NHCJIH- I have bought a Ao KYHMJI KWUJIOTDAMM

§ 17 Kak Ốbl1O y%e yKa3aHO, HHHHBHIVA/H3WpYIOIMỦ aprnKIb the npon3o-

HI€ OT ÿKA3AT€JbHOTO MecToWMeHH1 tha{f ?7!0on ú YHOTpeỐ8€TCH c HCUHC-

JI©€MBIMW CYHI€CTBHT€JIbBHBMH KâK B ©€IHHCTB€HHOM, TâK H BO MHOXKe- CTB©€HHOM WHCJI€ ŸÏHIHBHJYAJIH3NDYIOUIHỦ ApTHK.Ib ÿKA3bIBA€T, HTO JIHHO HN IIP€IM€T, OỐO3HAH€HHbIỦ CYLHI€CTBHT€JIbHBM, #1BJII©TCñ HHIHBHJY2JIbHO OIp€He€- JIHHBIM, T.€ BbII©/I€HHBIM H3 BC€X /IHI HH HD€IM€TOB IAHHoTO KJIacca TaKHM o6pa30M, OH MMeeT, KaK IOKA3blBA@T ero Ha3BaHHe, HHNHBHIYA/IH3HDYIOLIee

3HayeHHe Tak, the house Bbi3biBaeT MpescTaBIeHHe O COBepLIeHHO olpese-

JI@HHOM OMe, KOTODHIỦ HJIH HM€€T OCOỐble HDH3HAKH, OTMYAaIOWIHe eFo OT BCeX IDYTMX ñOMOB, HIH H3BeCTeH coOeCeAHHKY, HIM VHOMHHAaICH paHbule; the

students Bbi3biBaeT ID€JICTAB/ICHM€ 0 COBePICHHO OpemeJeHHbIX JIMUaX HAW H3B€CTHHX COỐ€C€IHMKY, HH yOMHHABHIHXCf DAHbII€ H T.H 3Ha4€HH€ NHHHM- BHJIYA/IM3WDY!OLIeTO aPTHK/JII MOXCHO UACTO I€D€J4Tb B DYCCKOM 3biK€ CAOBaMH amom, amu, mom, me Bo MHoTWX CJIÿYdafX, 0HHaKO, B DYCCKOM A3bIKe HET He- oOXOMMMOCTH NMepesaBaTb 3HadYeHHe HHAMBHAYaNM3HPYIOUlero apTHKAA OCOObIMH C/IoOBAMH

ì

Cayuau ynompebsenun undueudyanusupyroujezo APMUKAA

§ 18 1 CyulectBuTembHoe ynoTpe6seTCA € HHHHBHY2.IH3MDYIOHIMM ADTH-

KJIeM, Korma yka3aH HHHHBHHYAJbHBIH HIDH3HAK, OTIHHAIOIIMH HO WI IP€HM€T, OỐO3HaH€HHBIỦ CVII€CTBMT€/JIbHbIM, OT HDYTHX AML WW ID€HMTOB TO-

To Ke K/IACCa, T.© KOTHA HIDH CVHICTBHT€/IbHOM MMeeTCA HWHIHBHJYA.IH3MDYKO- IIee oIpe1e/eHwe ÍT l, crp 37) To oID€I€.I€HH€ MOXX€T ỐbiTb BbIDAX€HO: Ì) oID€I€/INT€/bHBM IDHJATOHHBIM ID€HJOXKeHHeM, 2) IDHHaCTHBM OỐODOTOM, 3) ID€I/I0KHbIM O6opoTomM (CVIHI€CTBHT€/IbHBIM € ID€JIOTOM):

Show me the telegram which you

received from Leningrad yester-

Hpnwewanme FeoÕXonHMOCTb yIIOTp€Ố/IEHWđS HHHBHRYA/1H3HDYVIOLIETO 4PpTHKJIR IYT€M Mo- CTAHOBKH CJIOB 9/1071, HOT TD€H COOTB€TCTBYIOLIM CYLIECTBHT€/bHBIM B DYCCKOM IDSJ10Xe- HHH MOXHO YCTAHOBHTb TO/IbKO B TOM C/IY4Ă, KOrMa OIID€I€/I€HHê BBbID3X#ẰHO 0IID€/€/IHT€/IbHbBIM IpHIATOUHBM IDEHJIOX€HHEM: ÏÏOKG2VWI€ MHƠ THỤ THỂL620G/4AVU, KOMODUIO Bbi noayuuau 84epœ TÏpH OIIDeR€/€HHH, BbIDA3K€HHOM IIDWUACTHBIM OỐODOTOM, 2TO0 BO3MOXHO yCTAaHOBHTb, 3a- M€HHB IIDHACTHbI OỐODOT OIID€8/IHT€/bHBIM IpRRATOHHBIM TID€RIOXXeHHeM: Yenosex, cudawmuli oxono trio8 /Ï., MoỦ HD€HOƠđ8GI164Đ GH2Z1HCKO2O 83bIKq = TOTn “enosex, Komopelli cudum OK01o moa /|., oi npenoồaedmeAo qHe4UÚCKO¿O đ36iKđ TĨpH OIDeR€JIeHHW, BbipaX{GHHOM IP€J/I0XHBIM OỐODOTOM, H€/Ib3i VCTAHOBHTb H€OỐXOTMMOCTb YIIOTD€Ố/IEHH3 HHRHBHHVA/1H3HDYyKO- Ulero apTHK/IA MyTeM MOCTaHOBKH C/IOB 9mom, mom Tepe COOTBETCTBVIOLHIHM CYUI€CTBHTE/IBHbBIM

B DYCCKOM IIDE/1OX€HHH, HO HHNHBHYA/IH3HDYKOLIA4đ DO/Ib TâKOTO OIP€H€/I€HHS HW TâK Oq€BHHHA: WALOCTHDGHUU 6 amo Knuze (m.e me uamocmpayuu, Komopole Haxodamca @ amo Knuee) Q92Hb XODOLMU@

2 CYIIeCTBHT€JIbHO€ VIOTD€Ố/IN€TCđ C€ HHIHBHJYA/H3HDYIOIHINMM apTHKJlem, KOTHA H3 CHTYALIHH HJH KOHT€KCTA đCHO, KAKO€ HM€HHO JHHO HH HD€NM€T uMeeTca B BHAY B 3ToM C/Iydae HHIHBHHYA/IbHBH HIpH3HAK H€ ykKa3aH, Mo-

CKOJIbKY B 9TOM HeT HEOOXoAHMOCTH:

Where is the key?

(CoốeCeđHHKV 10/2KHO ỐbITb đCHO, O KAKOM HM€HHO KJIOQ€ HJeT p€Mb, HHaye

TOBODSIHIMỦ H€ MOT Ốbl B 2HHOM C.JIÿyqa©e YIOTDeỐWTb_ HHHHBWJYA/1H3MDY!OIINH

ApTHKIb ECIIH Ke coOeceqHHK HIOH€MY-IMỐO He HOHfI, O KAKOM K/IOH€ HI€T

P€Hb, TOBODNIIMHÏ BCerTHa MOXXeT YVKA34Tb MHHHBHIYAJIbHHH IDpH3HAK, ïO KoO-

TOPOMY MOMKHO OT/IHHHTb JAaHHBl KJIIOH ưoT IDyTHX: The key Ï gave you y€s- terday K2!2⁄, KOmnropotũ a Gan eam euepa The key of my room Kuarou

om moeti KomHNamMoL H T.T.)

Tye Kou?

Please give me the telegram HafTe MH€ T€/IeTDAMMY, HO?£a1yWCTa

(Peub wget o TelerpaMMe, KoTOpad /I©€XHT Hã CTO/I, H/IM Oo TeerpaMMe, HO-

JIY1€HHỌ B TOT JI€Hb WM T.H.)

Put your book on the shelf Tlonomure Bally KHMTy Ha Tomy

(Peub HaeT 0 MouKe, KoTOpad BHCHT B KOMHaTe, HJM O HO/JIK€, HA KOTopOlỦ Bcerfa Jle%KMT MaHHas KHHFA, H T.H.)

34

IIpumeaanne Ecau B 9TOM chyyae B pyCCKOM A3bIKe MPH COOTBeTCTBYIOLLEM CYLecTBH- TeJIbHOM MOXKHO Mo CMbICAY MOCTaBHTb MeCTOHMeHHe cai, To BMecTo apTuKaA the ynotpe6mser-

Cñ IpHTñSXaTe/IbHoe MecToHMeHMe (T Ì, cTp 72):

ở CYLIeCTBHT€/IbHO€ yHOTp€Ố/W€TCH C€ HHHBHJYA/H3HDYIOHIIM ApTHKUI€M, KOT/A JHUO H/IH HD€/IM€T, HA3BAHHBIH pAHe©, CHOBA YHOMWHHA€TCñ BỐecene

WH TeKCTe Ö 3TOM CJIYHA€ HHHHBHY2/IbBHBII HDH3HAK H€ ÿVK2334H, HO OH ñC€H

3 BCeTO CO/6D3KAHHf D€HH HJH H3 KOHT€KCTA:

I bought a hat yesterday The hat is Al Kyrmmn winany Byepa (Ora) ulmana

{Smqecb uMeetca B BHAy: The hat that I bought yesterday (Ta) waana,

Komopyio fl Kynua B4epa.|

When I entered the room I saw a girl Korya # Bolen B KOMHaTy, A yBuyen The girl was quite young HesyuKy (OTa) H€BVIIKA ỐbILIA COB-

to everybody in the town as a very Obin usBecTeH B (9TOM) ropome Kak

37a HpaBH/oO, OH2KO, H€/Ib3 HDHM€HSTb M€XâHHHe€CKH CYyII€CTBHT€/IbHOe,

CHoBa yMOMHHaeMoe B Gecese HIM TeKCTe, MOKeT yHOTDp€Ố./ITbCf H € KJIACCH-

yI9TpeØqeTca Cc MHHÄHBHAYAM35HpYIOLHHM apTHKsiemM, KOTHA OHO OỐ03HAWA€T JIHHO H71H HP€HM€T,

KOTOpbill WMe€ET HHñMWBHRYA1JbHbIl HPH3HAK, OTJIWHAIOLIMB ero OT BCeX JIHH HAH HP€HM€TOB TOTO XE K/Jiacca ToT IpH3HAK MOXX€T ỐbITb yKa3an, Tak H HE YKa3auH

4 CyulecTBHTebHOe ynoTpeOdeTCA C HHAMBHAyaH3HpyiOllHM apTHKJlem,

CTB€HHBIM B //â3HHBIX YCJOBHAX:

The earth is millions of kilometers GeMIA HaXOAMTCH Ha DACCTOSHUI from the sun MI1JJIIOHOB KILIOM©TDĐOB OT COJIHHA

(The earth w the sun — mpefmeTbl, eAHHCTBeEHHbIe B MHpe.)

During a storm the captain must be Bo speMä ỐYyDH KAHHTAH /OJ2£©€H Ha-

(The captain aBaseTcH JIHHOM, ©ñWHCTB€HHbIM B /IAHHbIX ÿCJIOBHWX, T.e Ha

napoxofle, MOCKOJIbKY Ha Mapoxofe MOXeT ObITb To/bKo OHH KanuTaH Cpae-

xume: A sailor must carry out the captain’s orders Mampoc Goren 8bi-

The director of an office usually signs Hupextop YHD€ZKI€HUNH OỐBbIHHO HOJN- all important documents TIHCbIBA©T BC© BA?KHBbI© /IOKYM©HTĐI

(The director qBI#eTcd /IHHOM, ©€HHCTB©HHBM B /IAHHBIX yCJIOBHAX, T.e B yapexKMeHHH, IOCKO/IbKY B ÿHD€XCI€HHH MOXK€T ỐbITb T0JIbKO O/1HH JIp€KTOD.)

The lock of a safe must be very 3aMoOK celcba gomKeH ỐbITb OH€Hb

(The lock aBaaeTca mpeqMeToM, eHMHCTBEHHbIM B JaHHbIX YCJIOBHAX, T.e B cetbe, MOCKOMbKy Ceđtb đM€€T TO/IbKO OHWH 3âMOK.)

IÍpnmewanHe CđeHyeT HM€Tb B BHđY, HTO TaKH€ CYUI€CTBHT€/bHb_e, KaK captain, director, lock He BC€THA, pA3yM©€TCf, VIOTP€ỐJIRIOTCH € HHHBHIY21H3HDpYIOIINMM 2pTHKIeM Korna đHuo WIM TID€RM€T, OỐO3HAH€HHBIÏ HMH, BHICTYT2@T B ÿCJOBHSX, B KOTODHIX 0H H€ BIS€TCđ ©€RHH- CTB€HHBIM B CBO€M poke, OH MOKeT OỐO3H2UATbCf CYHI€CTBHT€/IbHHM C€ KJIACCHÌHHHPYIOHIHM ApTHKIeM TaK, HanpHMep, B đnpennoennu When we arrived at the port, we saw a captain who was smoking a pipe Kozda mbt npuexaau 6 nopm, Mbt yeudeau Kanumana, Komopel Kypua mpyÕK/ cyUlecTBWTenbHoe captain ynoTpeØneHo c KJIACCHÙHUHHDYIOLHM apTHKseM, NOCKOIbKY OHO OỐ03H2W2€T HO, Hệ Đ8BJIđIOII€€Cđ €đHHCTB€HHUIM B JâHHbIX YCAOBHAX, T.e B Hopty Anaso- THUHO€ VTiOTp€ỐI€HH€ CyLI€CTBHTeIbHHX director w lock € KIAaCCHjHHHDVIOHHM ApTHKIeM Mi HđM€€M B C761YIOMMX Ipeđ1oeHHsx: Ï spoke on this question to a director at the meeting of directors 7 paszogapueaa no a3momy eonpocy c COHUM OupeKmoOpoM Ha cOoBeWjaHuu OupeK- mopos | saw a good tock in a shop yesterday 7 evepa eudenr xopouut 3amoK 8 OOHOM maea- Bune,

WHnHBWIYA7H3HpVOUHỦ AapTHKIb VIOTPp€Ố/IS€TCH TAKX€ C€ CYHI€CTBHT€/b- HBIM BO MHOXX€CTB€HHOM HHC.JI€, KOII2 D€Hb HI€T O BC€X ID€IM€TAX H4H- HOTO K/IACCA, CVII€CTBYIOHUIX B MHD€ H.IH B 1AHHBIX YCOBHSX:

Lake Baikal is the deepest of all the Oaepo EafW%àn — camoe raysonce ws lakes in the world BC©X O3ep B MMpe

Give me a list of the students flairre MHe CNMCOK CTYH€HTOBE (T.e

BCeX CTYH€HTOB /HAHHOTO yuebHOrO

3aBeJeHNA, Kypca, IAaHHOỦ rpynnpl

BC©M CTYH€HTAM, â H€KOTODBIM U3 HM)

Hpnmewanne B 3T0M CđyUa€ H€ib31 YCTaHOBHTb H€OỐXOHHMOCTb YIIOTP€Ố/I€HHS HHRHBH- đÿ871H3HDYyIOLIETO 2pTHKINS HYTÊM IOCTAHOBKH CJIOBA 3/10/71 HH of fi€peđ COOTBETCTBYIOHIHM CYUI€CTBHT€/IbHBIM B pYCCKOM ID€]/IOXX(€HHH

VnoTpeØ/eHHe HHRHBHRVAM3HDVIOLIETO 4pTHKIR H€P€H CYUI€CTBHT€JIbHbIM, OỐO3HAH2IOIUM

JIHHO HH IDERMT, ©€đNHHCTB€HHHIH B MHD€, H© ID€nCTABJI86T TDYHOCTH đj18 ÿH2IHHXCR YnoTpeố-

JIÊHH€ X6 HHNHBHđYA/H3HDVIOIIETO ApTHKJS I€pen CYLI€CTBHT€JIbHBIM, OỐO3HA43IOLHIHM AMO HAH TpeAMeT, CAMHCTBEHHEIM B AAHHEIX ÿCIOBW8X — CaMH TDYHRHHI n8 yHaHHXCR cđydaÏ ynorpeb- JeHWA HHNMBHAYA1H3NpYIOMmero apTHKIS lĨpM oỐbđCH€HHH MOHATHA «€NHHCTB€HHHH B NAHHHX ÿCJIOBHfX» CI€HY€T HDHBORHTb ỐO/IBUHIO€ KOJIMHECTBO IDHM€DOB Hã MAT€DH276 pYCCKOFO đ83HKA: IIlpomoxoa co6paxuti ecezda nodnuceieaemca npedcedamenem u cexpemapem Kpowuxa CYHOYKA GOAHCHA NAOMHO 3aKpoieameca Cmeoan Oy6a NOKpolm moAcmok Kopoit U TLU

§ 19 IWiHnwBHIYa1H3NHDVIOUHHl apTHKsb Take ymoTpe6msetca c 0606- WlalouLHM 3Ha4eHHeM:

1 IÏlepen CyULIeCTBHT€IbHBM B ©€1HWHCTB€HHOM HHCI€ HN OỐO3Haq4eHHS I€JIOTO K/IACCA ïIDEHM€TOB:

The pine grows in northern countries Coca pacTeT B CeBepHBIX CTDpAHAX The African elephant is taller than AdbpukaHckul CNOH BbILIe MHAMMCKOrO the Indian

2 Ilepen Ipđ1arAT€bHBMH HH IpHHACTHđMH, YIOTp€Ố.8IOLHIiMHCS

B 3HaYeHHH CYULeCTBHTebHbIX BO MHOKeECTBEHHOM HHCJI€ (T Ì, CTp 57):

There are special schools for the blind B Hause crpaHe ecTb cmelmMasbHEle

IlpnMewanme VÏHNHBHny2IH3HDYIOUHH ApTHKIb yđoTpeố218eTcq B H€KOTODBX CIYdARX reper nh TCHPHEINIT H HapesHama B CpaBHHTeJIbHOH CTeMeHH co CJI6NYIOUHIHM 3H2q4€HWữEM

T 2, CTp 69

Caodka cayuaes ynompe6senua unOueudyaausupyioweco ADMUKAA

LC uHAUBUAyANIUSUpPYIOLMM 3HayeHVeM:

1 Korga yka3saH “HAUBU- Show me the tele- TlokaxutTe MHe Te- AyaNbuHEIM MpusHak, gram you received JIeTbaMMV, KO- OTJIMHAIOIHMÙ MYO MIM from Leningrad TOpyloO BbI Noly- mpeymMetT, OỐO3HAH€HHHIH yesterday yumm M3 JleHuyH-

BC€X JIH M2IM IDCHMeCTOB

3 forna JMHO MUM HpeTH- I bought a hat yes- A KYHHMI = wisany

B Õ©C€/IG usu TeKcTe

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I liked the film that I saw yesterday

That is the man who came here

yesterday

The cases unloaded from the SS

“Pskov” have been placed in a

warehouse

The telegram brought by the secre-

tary was very important

The walls of my room are painted

blue

I have lost the key of my room

The apples on that tree are quite

fl HOT€DST KJIOH OT CBOGÏ KOMHATHEI HOnoku Ha 3T0M /I€D€B© COBC©M CHe@- JIBIe

ceKpe-

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Bor TOT CTYX€HT, O KOTOĐOM # BaM TO-

A letter which is written in pencil is

difficult to read

A vessel built for the transportation

of oil is called a tanker

Rectangles with equal sides are

called squares

IincbMo, KoTopoe HanMcaHo KapaHya-~ LIOM, TDY/HO HHTATE

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HHHM OỐ1IIWX npaBHdA, He3aBHCHMO OT HaJIHUHA ONpefeJIeHHaA

I have a wonderful clock, which is

one hundred years old

We went to the lake, which was very

stormy that day

I spoke to the sellers, who promised

to ship the goods at once

We have received a letter containing

interesting information on the

state of the rubber market

Ms noszyuusm nucbMo, cofep?karee MHTepecHbie CBeNeHMA oO COCTOAHMM PbiHKa KaytyKa

In his lecture the professor stated

some figures clearly illustrating

the striking development of our

OHIM IpOHaJM TDY3 DV/HEI BeCoM B 6000

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JJWHHf IIpHJI1AT7ATe€e/IEHOFO:

Give me a red pencil

I cannot find the red pencil which

you gave me yesterday

We stopped before a big house

The big house at the end of the

street is the town library

I want a bigger trunk

Buy me some larger envelopes

I have only small envelopes left; I

have used up the larger envelopes

you gave me

Ilavtre MHe KpacHbiit KapaHyall

Al He MOTYV HẠ1TMH KDACHHI KaDAHHAIH, KOTOpbIM BbI MHe WaJIu Buepa Mst ocTaHOBMAMch nepex ỐOJIBIIMM JJOMOM

Bonpirom OM B KOHUe yMUbI — ropoycKkan 6uOsMoTexKa

Mure ny>keH GoNBUIOM YeMOTaH

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lê mHe mom xapandaw, Komopbill Kpacnoeo yeema

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Moscow has the best underground in

the world

The highest mountains are in Asia

This is the most interesting book I

have ever read on this subject

MocKBa “Meet syulliee MeTpO B Mupe CaMHIW BbICOKMe TODBI HAXONHHTCH B A3MM

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BHJÿA183DYIOLINM:

In capitalist countries women do not

get the same wages as men

She said that they were very busy

but that they would have more

time the following week

I found him in the last carriage of

the train

You are the very person I need

This is the only book I have on this

question

B kanutTammcTuyeckux CTpaHax ?K€H- IMHbI He HOJIYVHAIOT O/MHAKOBỌH 3aDIHIATBI C MY?KHWHAMM

Oka cKa3ama, YTO OHM OYCHb 3aHATHI,

HO 4uTO y HUX GOyyeT Sombre Bpeme-

The office is on the second floor

I took a seat in the third row

KouxTopa HaxoqUTCH Ha BTOPOM sTaKe

Al 3aHAN MeECTO B TpeTbeM pALy

K7IacCwWWU.<8DY!O HHM apTHKJeM, KOITHA HODSKOBO€ HHCJHT€JIbHOS WMeeT 3HayeHHe Opyzod, ewe

OOUH:

We must charter a second vessel

A third man entered the room

(apyroe, ele OHO) CyqHO

TperTun (ene OMH) YeNOBeK BOLIeN B KOMHaTy

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Two men entered the room

We have chartered three steamers

Show me the three books Comrade

A gave you yesterday

Trade between the Soviet Union and

China is steadily growing The ex-

change of goods between the two

countries greatly increased in 1955

[ipa venopeka NOLIN B KOMHATY

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B 1995 rony

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