Phonetics and phonology assignment 1

PART 1 1 Human speech organs In the spaces provided, fill in the names of the human speech organs numbered in the diagram 1 upper lip 2 upper teeth 3 alveolar ridge 4 hard palate 5 velum 6 uvula 7 epi.

PART 1

1 Human speech organs

In the spaces provided, fill in the names of the human speech organs numbered in the diagram.

1 upper lip

2 upper teeth

3 alveolar ridge

4 hard palate

5 velum

6 uvula

7 epiglottis

8 lower lip

9 tip

10 blade

11 front

12 back

13 oral cavity

14 vocal folds

2 Phonemic representation

Work out phonemic representations for the following words, using the convention of slash brackets Remember that phonemic representations adhere strictly to the principle: `one sound, one symbol' Pronounce some of these words to yourself and attempt to write down their phonetic transcriptions next to the phonemic

transcriptions.

transcription Phonetic transcription

3 Airstream Mechanism

Fill in the blanks in the following passage with the words provided (some words may

be used more than once):

voiced clicks ejectives velaric voiceless glottalic pulmonic plosives implosives

There are three principle airstream mechanisms: the pulmonic airstream mechanism, the velaric airstream mechanism, and the glottalic airstream mechanism In normal utterances in all the languages of the world, the airstream is always flowing outward

if the pulmonic ejective airstream mechanism is involved Stops made with this

mechanism are called plosives The only mechanism that is used in some languages

to produce some sounds with inward going air and some sounds with outward going air is the glottalic airstream mechanism Stops made with this mechanism acting ingressively are called implosives Stops made with this mechanism acting egressively are called ejectives The mechanism that is used in language to produce sounds only with inward going air is the velaric airstream mechanism Stops made with this mechanism are called clicks Stops may vary in their voice onset time In this respect, [b,d,g] are voiced stops, [p,t,k] are voiceless stops

PART 2

Underline the correct answer.

1/Which of the following is the least common type of airstream mechanism used in human speech production?

2/Which airstream mechanism is used to produce ejective consonants?

a) Pulmonic b) Glottalic c) Velaric d) Both b) and c)

3/Which airstream mechanism is used to produce click consonants?

a) Pulmonic b) Glottalic c) Velaric d) Both b) and c)

4/Which of the following is a language that uses ejective consonants?

a) French b) English c) Hausa d) Spanish

5/Which of the following is NOT an example of a sound produced by a pulmonic airstream mechanism?

a) /k/ in "kite" b) /p/ in "pat" c) /h/ in "hat" d) /f/ in "flee"

6/What is the most common type of airstream mechanism used in human speech production?

a) Glottalic airstream mechanism b) Velaric airstream mechanism c) Pulmonic airstream

7/Which of the following types of airstream mechanism is used to produce ejective consonants?

mechanism d) All of the above

8/Which type of airstream mechanism is used to produce click consonants in some languages? a) Glottalic airstream mechanism b) Velaric airstream mechanism c) Pulmonic airstream

mechanism d) None of the above

9/In which language are click consonants used as contrastive sounds? a) English b) Spanish c)

10/Which of the following languages uses the velaric airstream mechanism to produce speech sounds? a) English b) Zulu c) Amharic d) Mandarin

11/Which of the following is the most common type of airstream mechanism used in human speech production? a) Velaric airstream mechanism b) Glottalic airstream mechanism c)

Pulmonic airstream mechanism d) None of the above

12/Which of the following languages uses ejective consonants produced by a glottalic airstream mechanism? a) Spanish b) Hausa c) French d) Mandarin

13/Which of the following types of speech sounds is produced by a velaric airstream

mechanism? a) Vowels b) Consonants c) Nasalized vowels d) None of the above

14/Which of the following is true about the glottalic airstream mechanism? a) It involves the back of the tongue as the power source for generating airflow b) It is used to produce all vowels

in English c) It is the most versatile of the three airstream mechanisms d) It is used to produce ejective consonants

15/Which of the following types of speech sounds is not produced by a pulmonic airstream mechanism? a) Vowels b) Fricatives c) Stops d) All of the above are produced by a pulmonic airstream mechanism

16/Which of the following is not a speech organ? a) Nose b) Larynx c) Liver d) Lips

17/Which of the following is responsible for generating the airflow in human speech production?

18/Which of the following is responsible for the resonance of the sound in human speech

production? a) Nose b) Larynx c) Teeth d) Esophagus

19/Which of the following is not a type of articulator in human speech production? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Esophagus d) Tongue

20/Which of the following is the primary function of the larynx in human speech production? a) Producing the airflow b) Articulating the sounds c) Generating the resonance d) Controlling the pitch and volume of the voice

21/Which of the following is not a part of the vocal tract? a) Larynx b) Pharynx c) Esophagus d) Oral cavity

22/Which of the following is responsible for producing voice in speech? a) Tongue b) Larynx c) Teeth d) Nasal cavity

23/Which of the following is the primary articulator for producing the English "th" sounds? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Tongue d) Palate

24/Which of the following speech organs is used to produce the English "m" sound? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Palate d) Tongue

25/Which of the following speech organs is responsible for producing the English "f" sound? a)

26/Which of the following speech organs is used to produce the English "s" sound? a) Lips b) Teeth c) Palate d) Tongue

27/Which of the following speech organs is used to produce the English "v" sound? a) Palate b)