Tiêu chuẩn iso 10675 1 2016

© ISO 2016 Non destructive testing of welds — Acceptance levels for radiographic testing — Part 1 Steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys Essais non destructifs des assemblages soudés — Niveaux d’acc[.]

Non-destructi ve testing ofwelds —

Ac c eptanc e levels for radiog raphic

Part 1:

Essais n n destructifs de s assembla e s soudés — Nivea x

d’ac eptation p ur é alu tion p r radiogra hie —

Partie 1: Acier, nicke l, tita e et leurs aliage s

S con edition

2 16-1 -1

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

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F reword i v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 1

4 Radiog raphic technique 2

5 Ac c eptanc e levels 2

A nne x A (informative)Guide to the l mitations of radiog raphic testing 5

A nne x B (informative)Examples for determination of ar ea perc entag e (%)of imperfectio s 6

A nne x C (informative) Calculatio of the sum of acc eptable areas 8

Biblog raphy 10

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

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through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific t erms an ex r s ions r lated to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www.iso.org/ iso/for word.html

The committ ee r sponsible for this document is ISO/TC 44, Weldin a d al ed proc es ses , Subcommitt ee

SC 5, Tes tin a d ins pec tio o welds

This se on edition canc ls an r plac s the firs edition (ISO 1 6 5-1:2 0 ), w hich has be n

t ech icaly r vised

R eq es s for official int erpr tations of any aspe t of this document should bedir ct ed t o the S c etariat

of ISO/TC 44/SC 5 via y ur national s andards b dy A complet e l s ing of these b dies can be foun at

www.iso.org

A l s of al p rt in theISO 1 6 5 se ies can be fou d on the ISO websit e

Non-destructi ve testing ofwelds — Ac c eptanc e levels for

Part 1:

This document spe if ies ac eptanc levels for in ications from impe fe tions in but welds of st eel,

nickel, titanium an their al oy s det ect ed b radio ra hic t es ing If a r ed, the ac eptanc levels can

be a pled t o othe ty esof welds or mat erials

The ac eptanc levels can be r lat ed t o welding s andards, a plcation s an ards, spe ifications or

codes This document as umes that the radio ra hic t es ing has be n car ied out in ac ordanc with

ISO 1763 -1 an ISO 1763 - 2

When as es ing w hethe a weld me t the r q ir ment spe if ied for a weld q alty level, the siz s of

impe fe tions pe mitt ed b s an ards ar comp r d with the dimensions of in ications r vealed b a

radio ra h made of the weld

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 5 1 , Weldin — Fus io -welded joints in s te l, nickel, tita ium a d their alo s (beam weldin

excluded) — Qu lt y level s fr impe fec tio s

ISO 6 2 -1, Weldin a d al ed proc es s es — Clas s ific atio o geometric impe fec tio s in metal c

mate ial s — Part 1: Fus io weldin

ISO 1763 -1, No -des truc ti ve tes tin o welds — Radio ra hic tes tin — Part 1: X- a d g mma-ra

techniq es w ith fim

ISO 1763 - 2, No -des truc tive tes tin o welds — R adiogra hic tes tin — Part 2 : X- a d g mma-ra

techniq es w ith digital detec tors

ISO 1763 , No -des truc ti ve tes tin o welds — Vi s ual tes tin o f s io -welded joints

3 Terms and definitions

No t erms an def initions ar lst ed in this document

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IECEle tro edia: a aia le at ht p:/ www.ele tro edia.org

— ISO Onlne brow sing plat orm:a ai a le at ht p:/ www.iso.org o p

4 Radiog raphic technique

Welded joint shal be visual y t est ed an ev luat ed in ac ordanc with ISO 1763 befor radio ra hic

t es ing

Depen ing on the weld q alty level, radio ra hic t echniq e A or B in ac ordanc with ISO 1763 -1 or

ISO 1763 - 2 shal be used, as shown in Ta le 1

Table 1 — Radiographic testing

Qualty levels in ac ordanc

with ISO 5 1 7

Tes ing t echniques an

clas es in ac ordanc with

ISO 1 7 63 -1 and

ISO 1 7 63 -2

Ac eptanc levels in

ac ordanc with

this document

a

2

a

How ever, the minimum n mber of e posure for circumferential weld tes in may c r espon to the

req irement of clas A of ISO 17 636-1or ISO 17 36-2

When q antif ication of u de cut an / r ex ces ive penetration b radio ra hic t es ing is r q ir d,

spe ific proc d r s using t es ex osur s ma be a pled in orde t o es a lsh a b sis for a pro imat e

q antification in ac ordanc with the r q ir ment of ISO 5 1 This shal be spe if ied in the ado t ed

spe ification/ roc d r

5 Acc eptanc e levels

The ac eptanc levels of this document ar basicaly v ld for ev luation of impe fe tions w hich can ot

be det ect ed an ev luat ed b visual t es ing Surfac impe fe tions ( uch as u de cut an ex ces ive

penetration, surfac damag e, weld spatt er, et c ) w hich, d e t o o je t g eometry, can ot be ev luat ed,

but w he e the int erpr t er suspe t theISO 5 1 q alty levels ar not ulf iled, shal be subje t t o mor

spe ific t es ing

The ac eptanc levels for in ications ar shown in Ta le 2 an Ta le 3 The ty es of impe fe tions ar

sele t ed from ISO 5 1 an defined in ISO 6 2 -1

The symb lsused in Ta le2 an Ta le 3 ar the folowing:

— l length of in ication, in mi imetr s;

— s nominal but weld thick es , in mi lmetr s;

— t b se mat erial thicknes , in mi lmetr s;

— L any 1 0 mm t es ing length;

p

width of the weld, in mi lmetr s;

— h width of in ication, the width or height of surfac impe fe tion, in mi lmetr s;

— d diamet er of por , in mi lmetr s;

A

diamet er of por envelo ear a;

— b width of ex ces penetration of weld, in mi lmetr s;

— A sum of proje t ed ar as of in ications r lat ed t o each L × w

p , in % ( e An ex B);

— Σl summary length of impe fe tions within L, in mi lmetr s ( in ications shal not be divided int o

dife ent rang es L)

Table 2— A cceptance levels for internal indications in but welds

No

Ty e ofint ernal

impe fe tions in

ac ordanc with

ISO 6 2 -1

A cc ptanc level 3

a

A cc ptanc level 2

a

Ac eptanc level 1

2 Porosity an g s pores

(2 1 , 2 1 )

Single layer

A ≤ 2,5%

d ≤ 0,4 ma 5 mm

L = 1 0mm

A ≤ 1,5%

d ≤ 0,3s , ma 4 mm

L = 1 0 mm

A ≤ 1 %

d ≤ 0,2s , ma 3 mm

L = 1 0 mm

2 Porosity an g s pores

(2 1 , 2 1 )

Multilayer

A ≤ 5 %

d ≤ 0,4 ma 5 mm

L = 1 0mm

A ≤ 3%

d ≤ 0,3s , ma 4 mm

L = 1 0 mm

A ≤ 2 %

d ≤ 0,2s , ma 3 mm

L = 1 0 mm

3 b

Clustered (localized)

porosity (2 1 )

d

A

≤ w

p , ma 2 mm

L = 1 0mm

d

A

≤w

p , ma 2 mm

L = 1 0 mm

d

A

≤ w

p / , ma 1 mm

L = 1 0 mm

4 Line r porosity (2 14) l ≤ s , ma 75mm

d ≤ 0,4 ma 4 mm

L = 1 0mm

l ≤ s , ma 5 mm

d ≤ 0,3s , ma 3 mm

L = 1 0 mm

l ≤s , ma 2 mm

d ≤ 0,2s , ma 2 mm

L = 1 0 mm

5 d

Elong ted cavities

(2 1 ) an wormholes

(2 16)

h < 0,4 ma 4 mm

Σl ≤ s , ma 75 mm

L = 1 0mm

h < 0,3s , ma 3 mm

Σl ≤s , ma 5 mm

L = 1 0 mm

h < 0,2s , ma 2 mm

Σl ≤ s , ma 2 mm

L = 1 0 mm

6 e

Shrin ag e cavity (2 2)

(other than c at er pipes)

h < 0,4 ma 4 mm

l ≤ 2 mm

7 Crater pipe (2 24) h ≤ 0,2t, ma 2 mm

l ≤ 0,2t, ma 2 mm

8 d

Sla inclusions (3 1),

flux inclusions (3 2)

an o ide inclusions

(3 3)

h < 0,4 ma 4 mm

Σl ≤ s , ma 75 mm

L = 1 0mm

h < 0,3s , ma 3 mm

Σl ≤s , ma 5 mm

L = 1 0 mm

h < 0,2s , ma 2 mm

Σl ≤ s , ma 2 mm

L = 1 0 mm

9 Metal ic inclusions

(3 4)(other than

cop-per)

l ≤ 0,4 ma 4 mm l ≤ 0,3s , ma 3 mm l ≤0,2s , ma 2 mm

1 Cop er inclusions

(3 42)

1 e

Lack of fusion (40 ) Permitt ed, but only

intermitt ently an not

bre king the surface

Σl ≤ 2 mm, L =1 0mm

1 e

Lack of penetration

(40 )

Σl ≤ 2 mm, L =1 0mm Not permit ed Not permit ed

a

Ac eptanc levels 3 an 2 may be spe if ied with sufix X, which denotes that al in ic tions over 2 mm are

u a c ptable

b

S e Fig re C.1 an Fig re C.2(normative)

c

S e Fig re C.3an Fig re C.4 (normative)

d

S e Fig re C.5an Fig re C.6 (normative)

e

If the len th of the w eld is below 10 mm, then the ma imum len th of in ic tions shal not e c ed 2 % of that w eld

Table 3 — Surface imperfectio s

No Ty e of surfac

impe fe tions in

ac ordanc with

ISO 6 2 -1

Ac eptanc level 3

a

A cc ptanc level 2

a

A cc ptanc level 1

14a Un er ut, contin es an

intermit ent (5 1 ,5 1 )

t > 3mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

h ≤ 0,2t, ma 1 mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

h ≤0,1t, ma 0,5 mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

h ≤ 0,0 t, ma 0,5 mm

14b Un er ut, contin es an

intermit ent (5 1 ,5 1 )

0,5mm ≤t ≤3 mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

l ≤ 2 mm, h ≤ 0,2t

Smo th transition is

req ired

l ≤2 mm, h ≤ 0,1t

Smo th transition is

req ired

Not permit ed

1 a Shrin ag e gro ve (ro t

u der ut 5 1 )

t > 3 mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

l ≤ 2 mm,

h ≤ 0,2t, ma 2 mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

l ≤2 mm,

h ≤0,1t, ma 1 mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

l ≤ 2 mm,

h ≤ 0,0 t, ma 0,5 mm

1 b Shrin a e gro ve (ro t

u der ut 5 1 )

0,5mm ≤t ≤3 mm

Smo th transition is

req ired

h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t

Smo th transition is

req ired

l ≤2 mm, h ≤ 0,1t

Smo th transition

req ired

Not permit ed

16a Ex ces penetration (5 4)

0,5mm ≤t ≤3 mm

h ≤ 1 mm +0,6b h ≤1 mm + 0,3 h ≤ 1 mm + 0,1

16b Ex ces penetration (5 4)

t > 3mm

h ≤ 1 mm +1,0 ,

ma 5 mm

h ≤1 mm + 0,6b,

ma 4 mm

h ≤ 1 mm + 0,2 ,

ma 3mm

17 Stray ar (60 ) Permit ed, if the

prop-erties of the parent

metal are not afected

1 Spatt er (60 ) A cceptance depen s on ap lication, e.g material, cor osion protection

1 a R oot concavity (5 5)

0,5mm ≤s ≤ 3 mm

h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,1t l ≤2 mm, h ≤ 0,1t Not permit ed

1 b R oot concavity (5 5)

s >3 mm

l ≤ 2 mm, h ≤ 0,2t,

ma 2 mm

l ≤2 mm, h ≤ 0,1t,

ma 1 mm

l ≤ 2 mm, h ≤0,0 t,

ma 0,5mm

2 Po r restart (5 7)

s ≥0,5 mm

Permit ed,

The limit depen s on

the ty e of imperfec

-tion (se ISO 5 17)

2 a S g ing (5 9)

Incompletely f il ed gro ve

(5 1)

0,5mm ≤s ≤ 3 mm

l ≤ 2 mm, h ≤ 0,2 t l ≤2 mm, h ≤ 0,1t Not permit ed

2 b S g ing (5 9)

Incompletely f il ed gro ve

(5 1)

s >3 mm

L ≤2 mm, h ≤ 0,2 t,

ma 2 mm

l ≤2 mm, h ≤ 0,1t,

ma 1 mm

l ≤ 2 mm, h ≤0,0 t,

ma 0,5mm

2 a Line r misalignment

(5 7)

0,5mm ≤s ≤ 3 mm

h ≤ 0,2 mm + 0,2 t h ≤0,2 mm + 0,1 t h ≤ 0,2mm + 0,1t

2 b Line r misalignment,

lon-gitu inal welds (5 7)

s >3 mm

h ≤ 0,2 t, ma 5 mm h ≤0,1 t, ma 4 mm h ≤ 0,1t, ma 3 mm

2 c Line r misalignment, cir

-cumferential welds (5 7)

s ≥0,5 mm

h ≤ 0,5 t, ma 4 mm h ≤0,5 t, ma 3 mm h ≤ 0,5t, ma 2 mm

NO E The a c ptanc levels are those def ined for visual tes in These defe t are normaly evaluated b visual tes in

a

Ac eptanc levels 3 an 2 may be spe ified with sufix X, which denotes that al in ic tions over 2 mm are

u a c ptable

A nne x A

A 1 General

NOTE T e n mb r b tween brackets conform to those used in ISO 65 0-1

A 2 Volumetric imperfections in but welds

— Porosities and g s p r s (2 1 , 2 1 , 2 1 an 2 1 )

— Wormholes an elong t ed ca ities (2 1 an 2 1 )

— Sold inclusions (3 0)

— Co pe inclusions (3 42)

The a o e impe fe tions lst ed in Ta le 2 wi l be r adi y det ect ed using radio ra hic t ech iq e A or B

of ISO 1763 -1 or ISO 1763 - 2 as shown in Ta le 1

A 3 Cracks in but welds

— Crat er c acks (1 4 )

— Cracks (1 0)

The det ecta i ity of c acks b radio ra hic t es ing depends on the c ack height, the ramif ication

(pr senc of branching p rt ), o ening width, dir ction of the X-ra beam t o c ack orientation an

radio ra hic t ech iq e p ramet ers

R ela le det ection of al c acks is the efor l mit ed The use of radio ra hic t ech iq e B or bett er, as

spe if ied in ISO 1763 -1 or ISO 17 63 - 2, wi l pro ide bett er c ack det ecta i ty than radio ra hic

t ech iq e A

A 4 Planar imperfections in but welds

— L ck of fusion (40 )

— L ck of penetration (40 )

The det ection of lack of fusion and lack of penetration depen s on charact eris ics of impe fe tions an

radio ra hic t ech iq e p ramet ers

L ck of side-wal fusion wi l pro a ly not be det ect ed (ex cept it is as ociat ed with othe impe fe tions

such as sla inclusions), unles it is radio ra hed in the dir ction of the side-wal

A nne x B

imperfections

Figur B.1 t o Figur B 9 give a pr sentation of dife ent ar a pe c ntag e ( % ) of impe fe tions This

should as is the as es ment of impe fe tions on radio ra hs and fractur surfac s

Figure B.1 — A = 1 %

Figure B.2 — A = 1,5 %

Figure B.3 — A = 2 %

Figure B.4 — A = 2,5 %

Figure B.5 — A = 3%

Figure B.6 — A = 4 %

Figure B.7 — A= 5 %

Figure B.8 — A =8 %

Figure B 9 — A = 1 %

A nne x C

C.1 Clustered por osity

Figure C.1 — Clustered porosity, D > d

A2

Figure C.2 — Clustered porosity, D < d

A2

The sum of the dife ent p r envelo ar as ( A

1 + A

2 ) r lat ed t o the ev luation ar a, L × w

p ( e

Figur C.1), shal be calculat ed

If D is les than d

A1

or d

A2 , w hat eve is smale , an envelo e sur ou ding the p rosity ar as, A

1 + A

2 ,

shal be conside ed as one ar a of impe fe tion ( e Figur C.2)

C.2 Linear porosity

Figure C.3— Line r porosity, D > d

2