Tài liệu đọc tiếng anh 6 1 en40

Read the text and choose the best answer This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to us.

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Read the text and choose the best answer.

This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge

to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches of inertia

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and

10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such

as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors

Chọn một câu trả lời: a the sudden movements required during their daily activities

Read the text and complete the sentence below.

COURSE GUIDELINES

Assignments

Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be

expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it

There are………types of assignment to choose from.

Chọn một câu trả lời: c 2

Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph

The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years However, it wasn’t until thediscovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one

of the great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able

to develop Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe

Chọn một câu trả lời: a The impact of the reaction principle

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food,

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digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing.

Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies rarely experience these modern killers, they say

This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in 'The primary objectives for any exercise and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise Exercise and diet are linked For example, says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that ofour ancestors But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark

Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in terms

of their…

Chọn một câu trả lời: a resistance to certain fatal illnesses

Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a

popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute

Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls

Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take

a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is

also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet

Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual

visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land

surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls

under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to

preserve the pristine beauty of the area

A "steamer” in paragraph 2 is probably

Chọn một câu trả lời: d A boat

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He also argues that most people do not train the right muscles for that ultimately attractive

- and adaptive - quality of symmetry 'Symmetry is a reliable evolutionary clue to health,'

he says 'Tumours and pathologies produce gross asymmetries, and our love of symmetry reflects the reproductive success of our ancestors, who were sensitive to these clues.' He strives for the X-look - a symmetrical balance of mass in the shoulder girdle, upper chest and back, the calves and lower quads, two of the four large muscles at the front of the thighs This also makes men look taller, he adds, 'another reliable evolutionary clue that women use to find good genes'

The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less

intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by building muscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].'

Female exercise programmes should vary according to the shape of the individual.

Chọn một câu trả lời: b NOT GIVEN

De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of MathematicalBehavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness

combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems

In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should….

Chọn một câu trả lời: b exercise harder but for less time.

De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation inthe heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed too much by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hitting softballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders

Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful?

Chọn một câu trả lời: d aerobic exercise

CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information

Luggage

We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach

Seat Allocation

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Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach

at that time

Travel Documents

When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels, so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date

Certain documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver

or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point

Special Diets

If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the pricerange, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel

Accommodation

Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account

On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room

is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page

If you want to sit at the front of the coach…….

Chọn một câu trả lời: b book your seat well in advance

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and

10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of

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water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such

as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors?

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a the difficulties involved in finding food

b the aggressive nature of their negotiations with others

c their size compared to that of modem man

d the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes

De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of MathematicalBehavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness

combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems.This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge

What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise?

You need to follow these steps:

•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document

•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate

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•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it.

A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort.

The word “jurisdiction" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

Chọn một câu trả lời: d control

Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould include?

Chọn một câu trả lời: d order and chaos

The passage implies that tourists prefer to

Chọn một câu trả lời: d visit Niagara Falls during warmer weather

The expression "given rise to” in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by

Chọn một câu trả lời: b spurred the creation of

The word "flock” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

Chọn một câu trả lời: b come in large numbers

Geographical features have played a role inhumanphysical development.

a TRUE

b NOT GIVEN

c FALSE

According to the passage, which of the following best describes Niagara Falls?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a The Niagara River has two falls, one in Canada and one in the United States

Topics must be based on………

Chọn một câu trả lời: c a real-life problem

Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis?

a He is older than he appears to be

b He works as a professional sports player

c He frequently tests his health

d He believes he has inherited a strong body.

A blue moon could best be described as

Chọn một câu trả lời: c. a full moon that is not blue in color

If you need a special diet you should……

If you need a special diet you should

Chọn một câu trả lời: d tell the coach company.

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The main topic discussed in the text is……

Chọn một câu trả lời: d a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes

The importance of genetic differences in deciding on an exercise programme is

minimal.

Chọn một câu trả lời: c TRUE

The expression “right up” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

Chọn một câu trả lời: b all the way up

How does the author feel about the fence?

Chọn một câu trả lời: b impressed

It may be necessary to pay extra for……

Chọn một câu trả lời: c a bathroom.

In the paragraph the writer suggests that……

Chọn một câu trả lời: b there are several ways to avoid city pollution.

EPRI receives financial support from

Chọn một câu trả lời: a power companies

As a result of their experiments, Dr Corsi’s team found that ………

Chọn một câu trả lời: b indoor pollution rivals outdoor pollution

The word “hue" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

Chọn một câu trả lời: c color

Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph

An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from theory to practice Despite the fact that rockets had been used sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of

civilisation until the twentieth century Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world wars, were required before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into thereality of sophisticated astronauts It is strange that the rocket was generally ignored by writers of fiction to transport their heroes to mysterious realms beyond the Earth, even though it had been commonly used in fireworks displays in China since the thirteenth century The reason is that nobody associated the reaction principle with the idea of

travelling through space to a neighbouring world

a. How the reaction principle

b The first use of steam

c Writers’ theories of the reaction principle

d The impact of the reaction principle

Assignments

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•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate.

•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it

In order to understand the purpose of the assignment, students are advised to

Choosing a topic

Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends

So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new

materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD)

There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself.You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and

consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work

backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs

To avoid handing the assignment in late, it is suggested that students…………

Chọn một câu trả lời: a work plan backwards

Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that

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goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.

What is the major point that the author is making in this passage?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a Niagara Falls can be viewed from either the American side or the Canadian side b It has been necessary to protect Niagara Falls from the many tourists who

go there c Niagara Falls has had an interesting history

d A trip to the United States isn't complete without a visit to Niagara Falls.

Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls

According to the passage, why was Niagara Park created?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a To protect the area around Niagara Falls

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at that time.

Special Diets

Accommodation

Your air tickets……

Chọn một câu trả lời: b will be sent to your departure point. a may be held by your coach driver c must be collected before leaving d will be enclosed with other documents.Read the text and choose the best answer

There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon When people say that something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely, once in a great while This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century

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The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month. A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is

particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month Instead, it

is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary hasmore than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another fullmoon at the very beginning of March) It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in

reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moonfrom Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the

atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular

occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took on a blue tint

According to the passage, the moon actually looked blue

Chọn một câu trả lời: c. after large volcanic eruptions

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors

c the long distances between neighbours’ homes

a the fact that life was equally energetic for both sexes

b their size compared to that of modern man

d the predictable frequency of physical activity

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A war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of

Australia and the dingo, Australia’s wild dog To protect their livelihood, the farmers built

a wire fence, 3,307 miles of continuous wire mesh, reaching from the coast of South Australia all the way to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just short of the Pacific Ocean

Why was the fence built?

Chọn một câu trả lời: d to protect the Australian wool industry

Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading.

It has long been known that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger, among other things But it wasn't until 1994 that Professor Jeffery Friedman from Rockerfeller University in the US sent science in a new direction by studying an obese mouse Prof Friedman found that unlike its thin brothers, the fat mouse did not produce a hitherto unknown hormone called leptin Manufactured by the fat cells, leptin acts as a messenger, sending signals to the hypothalamus to turn off the appetite Previously, the fat cells were thought to be responsible simply for storing fat Prof

Friedman gave the fat mouse leptin and it lost 30% of its body weight in two weeks

What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a Rodent research leads the way

The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs The empire it preserves is that

of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s - some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological

grounds With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’

On what point do the conservationists and politicians agree?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a The fence poses a threat to the environment

A stumbling block

However, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser aroundthe size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer

Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to

develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say Ihave money yet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interest and support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers

eventually costing $50,000 to $100,000 each

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Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes

to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but

controlling it ‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says

And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces

‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the stormclouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back

The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to

its………

Chọn một câu trả lời: a the trigger b money c interactive meteorology d size

Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.

It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow By sealing the roomand measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the culprit It wasn't the answer she expected and probably notthe one she wanted but she took the news philosophically

Chọn một câu trả lời: a Proof of the truth

Assignments

Choosing a topic

Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends

So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new

materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD)

There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself

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You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and

consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work

backwards when planning so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs

As well as being cost effective, the method chosen must also be………

Chọn một câu trả lời: c safe

Read the text and choose the best answer

is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon Because every month except Febmary hasmore than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another fullmoon at the very beginning of March) It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their colon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in

How long has the expression “once in a blue moon" been around?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a. For 200 years b. For less than 100 years c. For around 50 years

d. For more than 100 years

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America. Killer bees are reputed

to be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated

The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955. The African bees were brought into Brazil because their aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their

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European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.

These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee. They also point out that the attackshave a chemical cause A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not

aggressive by nature However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees As other bees

approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate,which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate

Why were African bees considered beneficial?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a. They spent their time traveling b. They were very aggressive

c. They produced an unusual type of honey d. They hid from inclement weather

Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.

Chọn một câu trả lời: a NOT GIVEN b TRUE c FALSE

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Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone As the clouds roll in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, alone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target And there is damage to property too Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year.But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back Already in

laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike

The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up

an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate The

technique survives to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the

Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where we want it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI The rocket site is providing precise measurements

of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up

According to the text, every year lightning…

Chọn một câu trả lời: b kills or injures around 500 people throughout the world a

damages more than 100 American power companies c kills or injures mainly golfers in the United States d does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms

In Australia, the University of Sydney's Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic defects may be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of exercise we do and the amount of energy we need When you add up all these little

variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight

He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn't mean some other subtle change in the metabolism gene won't be found in overweight people He

is confident that science will, eventually, be able to 'cure' some forms of obesity but the only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a change of diet and an increase in exercise

Chọn một câu trả lời: c Lifestyle change required despite new findings

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And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? ‘What goes

up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory

The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability

to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions If a laser could generate a line of

ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down theair in an uncontrollable surge To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, andportable enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds

Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.

Chọn một câu trả lời: c FALSE

The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs The empire it preserves is that

of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s - some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological

grounds With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fair weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’

To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire It’s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland I would call it simply the Fence

Why did the author visit Australia?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a because he was interested in life around the fence

at that time

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Special Diets

Accommodation

Your air tickets……

Chọn một câu trả lời: a will be enclosed with other documents b may be held by your coach driver c will be sent to your departure point. d must be collected before leavingRead the text and choose the best answer

European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees

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The word “inflated” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

Chọn một câu trả lời: a. burst b aired c. exaggerated d. blown

Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts

considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a 'cure' for the common condition of being seriously overweight However, rather than take responsibility for their weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population (63% of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight The argument goeslike this: it doesn't matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal

metabolic rate

Chọn một câu trả lời: a Lifestyle change required despite new findings b A very

uncommon complaint c Hidden dangers d Shifting the blame

Read the text and choose the most suitable heading

Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830 million it costs the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it

is in all Western nations Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had

concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease appetite and surgery How the drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects and even death in some patients Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives

Chọn một câu trả lời: a Hidden dangers

While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage,

it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen

The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a…

Chọn một câu trả lời: a deliberate act of sabotage b ship refuelling in the harbour c tanker pumping oil into the sea. d collision between two oil tankers

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Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Our Palaeolithic ancestors were constantly active.

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at that time

Special Diets

Accommodation

Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking

the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account

Chọn một câu trả lời: d if there is the demand

Luggage

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We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.

Seat Allocation

Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach

at that time

Special Diets

Accommodation

Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking

the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account

With every booking Classic Tours guarantee you will be able to……

Chọn một câu trả lời: a take hand luggage on the coach b use your own personal

bathroom c see a film if you want to d request high quality meals

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is called a blue moon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon. Because every month except Febmary hasmore than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another fullmoon at the very beginning of March) It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of their color however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in

How many blue moons would there most likely be in a century?

Chọn một câu trả lời: a 35 b 4 c 70 d 100

European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees

It is stated in the passage that killer bees

Chọn một câu trả lời: c. are less aggressive than African bees

Tiêu đề	Evolutionary Fitness and Lifestyle of Palaeolithic Ancestors
Trường học	University of Colorado State University
Chuyên ngành	Human Evolution and Fitness
Thể loại	Bài luận
Thành phố	Fort Collins

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Số trang	47
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