Tài liệu đọc Tiếng Anh 6 2 en40

ĐỌC TIẾNG ANH 6 EN40 Read the text and complete the sentence below COURSE GUIDELINES Assignments Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rat.

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ĐỌC TIẾNG ANH 6 EN40

Read the text and complete the sentence below.

COURSE GUIDELINES

Assignments

Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it

You need to follow these steps:

•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document

•Be aware of what skills and abilities you must demonstrate

•Always plan a project thoroughly before you begin it but be realistic about how much time you can seriously devote to it

A working model must be accompanied by………of some sort.

Choosing a topic

Remember that this course is essentially concerned with the achievement of desired ends So first identify a real-life problem, then consider it in detail, specify a precise need and then define your design task As you plan, wherever possible, consider using new materials, techniques and technology such as computer-aided design (CAD)

There is nothing wrong with talking to knowledgeable people about your project; in fact, this shows initiative However, the project is yours so you must do the work yourself

You will need a fairly flexible plan because sometimes resources, apparatus and consumables may not be available when you need them It is a good idea to work backwards when planning

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so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs.

Topics must be based on………

Chọn một câu trả lời:

a real-life problem

Read the text and choose the best answer

There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon When people saythat something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely,once in a great while This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month Instead, it is called a bluemoon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle from full moon to full moon Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very

beginning of March) It is or the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs This does not happen very often, only three or four times in a decade

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of theircolor however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena

of gigantic proportions can actually change the appearance of the moon from Earth The eruption of the Krakatao volcano in 1883 left dust particles in the atmosphere, which clouded the sun and gave the moon a bluish tint This particular occurrence of the blue moon may have given rise to the expression that we use today Another example occurred more than a century later When Mount Pinatubo erupted in the Philippines in 1991, the moon again took

Travel Documents

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When you have paid your deposit we will send to you all the necessary documents and labels,

so that you receive them in good time before the coach break departure date Certain

documents, for example air or boat tickets, may have to be retained and your driver or courier will then issue them to you at the relevant point

Special Diets

If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet.This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on your coach break, but on certain coach breaks the hotels used are tourist class and whilst offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets Any extra costs incurred must

be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel

Accommodation

Many of our coach breaks now include, within the price, accommodation with private

facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will

be added to your account

On any coach break there are only a limited number of single rooms When a single room is available it may be subject to a supplementary charge and this will be shown on the brochure page

Entertainment

Some of our hotels arrange additional entertainment which could include music, dancing, filmshows, etc The nature and frequency of the entertainment presented is at the discretion of the hotel and therefore not guaranteed and could be withdrawn if there is a lack of demand or insufficient numbers in the hotel

If you want to sit at the front of the coach…….

book your seat well in advance

Read the text and choose the best answer.

Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a

popular tourist destination Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute

Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River inthe Canadian province of Ontario and the 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S side of the river in the state of New York Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls

Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take

a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view It is also

possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet

Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the state of New York in

1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls A year later Canada created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around

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Horseshoe Falls With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government

agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area

The word “jurisdiction" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

control

The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by buildingmuscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].'

Of course, people vary De Vany acknowledges that our ancestors were adapted to a variety ofterrains and climates Cordain points out that genetic differences between populations lead to different physical strengths East Africans, for example, seem to be better endurance runners, West Africans better sprinters But human genetic similarity greatly outweighs the variations And because our genes have changed so very little since Palaeolithic times, if you want to be

a lean, mean, survival machine why not try exercising like a caveman?

Geographical features have played a role inhumanphysical development.

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so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs

To avoid handing the assignment in late, it is suggested that students…………

work plan backwards

This new science, which De Vany calls evolutionary fitness, is part of growing efforts to understand how the human body has been shaped by evolution, and to use this knowledge to improve our health and fitness Proponents believe the key lies in the lifestyle of our hunter-gatherer ancestors because, they say, the vast majority of the human genome is still adapted to

an ancient rhythm of life which swung between intense periods of activity and long stretches

of inertia

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and 10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots

of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns, perhaps violent

struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging

up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty

of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Our Palaeolithic ancestors were constantly active.

FALSE

De Vany views the body as non-linear and dynamic and says exercise should mix order and chaos 'Chronic aerobic exercise overstrains the heart, reducing the chaotic variation in the heart rate which is essential to health,' he says Likewise, most weight training is governed toomuch by routine and is too timeconsuming He gives his own workout a chaotic character with ascending weights and descending repetitions To these brief but intense gym workouts

he adds a wide variety of other activities that vary randomly in intensity and duration These include roller blading, bicycling, walking, sprinting, tennis, basketball, power walking, hittingsoftballs and trekking with a grandson on his shoulders

Which TWO opposing factors does De Vany say an exercise programmeshould include?

order and chaos

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of inertia

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors

the predictable frequency of physical activity

of inertia

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and

10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns,

perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go

by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors

the sudden movements required during their daily activities

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Which type of exercise does De Vany practise on a regular basis?

weight training

The expression “right up” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by

all the way up

A "steamer” in paragraph 2 is probably

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A boat

De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems

In the paragraph, De Vany recommends that people should….

a exercise harder but for less time

b learn more about how the human body reacts to exercise Câu trả lời không đúng

c exercise less frequently

d give their muscles more time to recover from exercise

of inertia

Across the Palaeolithic age - which covers the period between 2.6 million and

10,000years ago - prey animals were large, fast on their feet, or both For men, this would have meant lots of walking or jogging to find herds, dramatic sprints, jumps and turns,

perhaps violent struggles, and long walks home carrying the kill Women may not have had such intense exercise, but they would have spent many hours walking to sources of water or food, digging up tubers, and carrying children If modern hunter-gatherers are anything to go

by, men may have hunted for up to four days a week and travelled 15 kilometres or more on each trip Women may have gathered food every two or three days There would also have been plenty of other regular physical activities for both sexes such as skinning animals and tool making, and probably dancing

Which one of the following does the writer highlight when discussing the lifestyle of our Palaeolithic ancestors?

the difficulties involved in finding food

possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara

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River, such as Prospect Point or Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet.

The word "flock” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

come in large numbers

Geographical features have played a role inhumanphysical development.

TRUE

Art De Vany is 62, but physical fitness tests three years ago showed he had the body of a year-old Although De Vany is sceptical of such assessments, he knows he's in good shape His former career as a professional baseball player may have something to do with it, but he attributes his physical prowess to an, exercise regime inspired by the lifestyles of our

32-Palaeolithic ancestors

What do you learn about Art De Vany in the paragraph?

He is older than he appears to be.

CLASSIC TOURS - coach break information

Luggage

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We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken on board the coach.

Seat Allocation

Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks when booking, but since allocations are made on a first come first served basis, early booking is advisable When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time

Special Diets

Accommodation

facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will

be added to your account

Entertainment

Your air tickets……

may be held by your coach driver.

Read the text and complete the sentence below.

COURSE GUIDELINES

Assignments

Coursework assignments will involve the production of an artefact (something shaped by human beings rather than by nature) OR an investigation of some kind followed by a report This is to demonstrate the relevance of your study to society today If you opt to produce an artefact, (e.g a working model or piece of machinery) you will also be expected to provide some written explanation of how and why you produced it

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There are………types of assignment to choose from.

2

According to the passage, why was Niagara Park created?

To protect the area around Niagara Falls

Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph

The concept of the rocket, or rather the mechanism behind the idea of propelling an object into the air, has been around for well over two thousand years However, it wasn’t until the discovery of the reaction principle, which was the key to space travel and so represents one ofthe great milestones in the history of scientific thought, that rocket technology was able to develop Not only did it solve a problem that had intrigued man for ages, but, more

importantly, it literally opened the door to exploration of the universe

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•Find out precisely what is expected of you Talk to your tutor and refer to the syllabus document.

so you know you will meet your final deadline Finally, when you plan the various stages of your project give due regard to safety and costs

As well as being cost effective, the method chosen must also be………

safe

Which type of activity does de Vany criticise as being harmful?

aerobic exercise

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Our ancestors must have evolved cardiovascular, metabolic and thermoregulatory systems capable of sustaining high-level aerobic exertion under the hot African sun, according to Loren Cordain of the Human Performance Laboratory at Colorado State University And given that the Palaeolithic era ended only an evolutionary blink of an eye ago, we ignore its legacy at our peril Cordain and his colleagues point out that in today's developed societies, inactivity is associated with disease Contemporary hunter- gatherer societies rarely

experience these modern killers, they say

This is where De Vany's exercise ideas come in 'The primary objectives for any exercise and diet programme must be to counter hyper-insulinaemia (chronically elevated insulin) and hypoexertion (wasting of the body's lean mass through inactivity),' he writes in his

forthcoming book about evolutionary exercise Exercise and diet are linked For example, says De Vany, our appetite control mechanisms work best when our activity mimics that of our ancestors But he feels that most modern exercise regimes are not hitting the mark

Cordain compares modern hunter-gatherer societies to Paleolithic societies in terms of their…

resistance to certain fatal illnesses

He also argues that most people do not train the right muscles for that ultimately attractive - and adaptive - quality of symmetry 'Symmetry is a reliable evolutionary clue to health,' he says 'Tumours and pathologies produce gross asymmetries, and our love of symmetry reflectsthe reproductive success of our ancestors, who were sensitive to these clues.' He strives for the X-look - a symmetrical balance of mass in the shoulder girdle, upper chest and back, the calves and lower quads, two of the four large muscles at the front of the thighs This also makes men look taller, he adds, 'another reliable evolutionary clue that women use to find good genes'

Female exercise programmes should vary according to the shape of the individual.

NOT GIVEN

There is a common expression in English language referring to a blue moon When people saythat something happens "only once in blue moon,” they mean that it happens only very rarely,once in a great while This expression has been around for at least a century and a half; there are references to this expression that date from the second half of the nineteenth century.The expression " a blue moon" has come to refer to the second full moon occurring in any given calendar month A second full moon is not called a blue moon because it is particularly blue or is any different in hue from the first full moon of the month Instead, it is called a bluemoon because it is so rare- The moon needs a little more than 29 days to complete the cycle

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from full moon to full moon Because every month except Febmary has more than 29 days, every month will have at least one full moon (except February, which will have a full moon unless there is a full moon at the very end of January and another full moon at the very

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of theircolon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena

on a blue tint

The word “hue" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

color

According to the passage, which of the following best describes Niagara Falls?

The Niagara River has two falls, one in Canada and one in the United States

The hunter-gatherer lifestyle indicates that women should exercise only a little less intensely than men, says De Vany 'Women are opportunistic hunters who go after small game when they come across it They also climb trees to capture honey and snare birds And have you

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ever seen how much work it is to dig out a deep tuber?' Women benefit enormously from strength work, he says It increases their bone density and they get and stay leaner by buildingmuscle mass 'Today's women are so weak [compared with their female ancestors].'

The importance of genetic differences in deciding on an exercise programme is minimal.

TRUE

The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s - some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fair

weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’

To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire It’s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland I would call it simply the Fence

Why did the author visit Australia?

because he was interested in life around the fence

Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading.

It has long been known that a part of the brain called the hypothalamus is responsible for regulating hunger, among other things But it wasn't until 1994 that Professor Jeffery

Friedman from Rockerfeller University in the US sent science in a new direction by studying

an obese mouse Prof Friedman found that unlike its thin brothers, the fat mouse did not produce a hitherto unknown hormone called leptin Manufactured by the fat cells, leptin acts

as a messenger, sending signals to the hypothalamus to turn off the appetite Previously, the fat cells were thought to be responsible simply for storing fat Prof Friedman gave the fat mouse leptin and it lost 30% of its body weight in two weeks

What is the the most suitable heading for the paragraph?

Rodent research leads the way

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Special Diets

Accommodation

facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking

the supplementary charge shown in the price panel will be added to your account

Entertainment

It may be necessary to pay extra for……

a bathroom.

A war has been going on for almost a hundred years between the sheep farmers of Australia and the dingo, Australia’s wild dog To protect their livelihood, the farmers built a wire fence,3,307 miles of continuous wire mesh, reaching from the coast of South Australia all the way

to the cotton fields of eastern Queensland, just short of the Pacific Ocean

Why was the fence built?

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to protect the Australian wool industry

These stories of killer bees in the news in recent years have attracted a lot of attention as bees have made their way from South America to North America Killer bees are reputed to

be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated

The killer bee is a hybrid—or combination- of the very mild European strain of honeybee and the considerably more aggressive African bee, which was created when African strain was imported into Brazil in 1955 The African bees were brought into Brazil because their

aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees

These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond

in large numbers to the production of isoamyl acetate

The word “inflated” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by

And anyway, who would want to fire streams of rockets in a populated area? ‘What goes up must come down,’ points out Jean-Claude Diels of the Diels is leading a project, which is backed by EPRI, to try to use lasers to discharge lightning safely - and safety is a basic

requirement since no one wants to put themselves or their expensive equipment at risk With around $500,000 invested so far, a promising system is just emerging from the laboratory.The idea began some 20 years ago, when high-powered lasers were revealing their ability to extract electrons out of atoms and create ions If a laser could generate a line of ionisation in the air all the way up to a storm cloud, this conducting path could be used to guide lightning

to Earth, before the electric field becomes strong enough to break down the air in an

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uncontrollable surge To stop the laser itself being struck, it would not be pointed straight at the clouds Instead it would be directed at a mirror, and from there into the sky The mirror would be protected by placing lightning conductors close by Ideally, the cloud-zapper (gun) would be cheap enough to be installed around all key power installations, and portable

enough to be taken to international sporting events to beam up at brewing storm clouds

Power companies have given Diels enough money to develop his laser.

FALSE

To appreciate this unusual outback I monument and to meet the people whose livelihoods depend on it, I spent part of an Australian autumn travelling the wire It’s known by different names in different states: the Dog Fence in South Australia, the Border Fence in New South Wales and the Barrier Fence in Queensland I would call it simply the Fence

For most of its prodigious length, this epic fence winds like a river across a landscape that, unless a big rain has fallen, scarcely has rivers The eccentric route, prescribed mostly by property lines, provides a sampler of outback topography: the Fence goes over; sand dunes, past salt lakes, up and down rock-strewn hills, through dense scrub and across barren plains

How does the author feel about the fence?

Impressed

The Fence is Australia’s version of the Great Wall of China, but even longer, erected to keep out hostile invaders, in this case hordes of yellow dogs The empire it preserves is that of the woolgrowers, sovereigns of the world’s second largest sheep flock, after China’s - some 123 million head - and keepers of a wool export business worth four billion dollars Never mind that more and more people - conservationists, politicians, taxpayers and animal lovers - say that such a barrier would never be allowed today on ecological grounds With sections of it almost a hundred years old, the dog fence has become, as conservationist Lindsay Fair

weather ruefully admits, ‘an icon of Australian frontier ingenuity’

On what point do the conservationists and politicians agree?

The fence poses a threat to the environment

Read the text and choose the most suitable heading.

In Australia, the University of Sydney's Professor Ian Caterson says while major genetic defects may be rare, many people probably have minor genetic variations that combine to dictate weight and are responsible for things such as how much we eat, the amount of exercise

we do and the amount of energy we need When you add up all these little variations, the result is that some people are genetically predisposed to putting on weight He says while the fast/slow metabolism debate may have been settled, that doesn't mean some other subtle change in the metabolism gene won't be found in overweight people He is confident that science will, eventually, be able to 'cure' some forms of obesity but the only effective way for the vast majority of overweight and obese people to lose weight is a change of diet and an increase in exercise

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Lifestyle change required despite new findings

While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in

Chernobyl continue to receive high media exposure, as do acts of environmental sabotage, it must be remembered that not all pollution is on this grand scale A large proportion of the world’s pollution has its source much closer to home The recent spillage of crude oil from an oil tanker accidentally discharging its cargo straight into Sydney Harbour not only caused serious damage to the harbour foreshores but also created severely toxic fumes which hung over the suburbs for days and left the angry residents wondering how such a disaster could have been allowed to happen

The Sydney Harbour oil spill was the result of a…

ship refuelling in the harbour.

Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling It is enough to make you want

to stay at home But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical ‘nasties’ are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target

In the paragraph the writer suggests that……

there are several ways to avoid city pollution.

The implications of indoor pollution for health are unclear But before worrying about the problems caused by large-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale pollution

at home and welcome international debate about this Scientists investigating indoor pollutionwill gather next month in Edinburgh at the Indoor Air conference to discuss the problem Perhaps unwisely, the meeting is being held indoors

Regarding the dangers of pollution, the writer believes that…

there is a need for rational discussion

A stumbling block

However, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the

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size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer.

Bernstein says that Diels’s system is attracting lots of interest from the power companies But they have not yet come up with the $5 million that EPRI says will be needed to develop a commercial system, by making the lasers yet smaller and cheaper ‘I cannot say I have moneyyet, but I’m working on it,’ says Bernstein He reckons that the forthcoming field tests will be the turning point - and he’s hoping for good news Bernstein predicts ‘an avalanche of interestand support’ if all goes well He expects to see cloud-zappers eventually costing $50,000 to

$100,000 each

Other scientists could also benefit With a lightning ‘switch’ at their fingertips, materials scientists could find out what happens when mighty currents meet matter Diels also hopes to see the birth of ‘interactive meteorology’ - not just forecasting the weather but controlling it

‘If we could discharge clouds, we might affect the weather,’ he says

And perhaps, says Diels, we’ll be able to confront some other meteorological menaces ‘We think we could prevent hail by inducing lightning,’ he says Thunder, the shock wave that comes from a lightning flash, is thought to be the trigger for the torrential rain that is typical

of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back

The main difficulty associated with using the laser equipment is related to

its………

Size

Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the devastating effects of large-scale environmental pollution Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning

in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish policies of the already industrialised countries which encourage a minority of the world’s population to squander the majority of itsnatural resources

In the paragraph, the writer argues that pollution…

is caused by human self-interest.

The aim of such research is not, however, to encourage the use of gas masks when unloading the washing Instead, it is to bring a sense of perspective to the debate about pollution

According to Dr Corsi, disproportionate effort is wasted campaigning against certain forms ofoutdoor pollution, when there is as much or more cause for concern indoors, right under people’s noses

As a result of their experiments, Dr Corsi’s team found that ………

indoor pollution rivals outdoor pollution

Choose the most suitable headings for the paragraph

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An intellectual breakthrough, brilliant though it may be, does not automatically ensure that the transition is made from theory to practice Despite the fact that rockets had been used sporadically for several hundred years, they remained a relatively minor artefact of

civilisation until the twentieth century Prodigious efforts, accelerated during two world wars, were required before the technology of primitive rocketry could be translated into the reality

of sophisticated astronauts It is strange that the rocket was generally ignored by writers of fiction to transport their heroes to mysterious realms beyond the Earth, even though it had been commonly used in fireworks displays in China since the thirteenth century The reason isthat nobody associated the reaction principle with the idea of travelling through space to a neighbouring world

The impact of the reaction principle (SAI)

Read the text and choose the the most suitable heading.

On the other side of the Atlantic, Prof O'Rahilly read about this research with great

excitement For many months two blood samples had lain in the bottom of his freezer, taken from two extremely obese young cousins He hired a doctor to develop a test for leptin in human blood, which eventually resulted in the discovery that neither of the children's blood contained the hormone When one cousin was given leptin, she lost a stone in weight and Prof O'Rahilly made medical history Here was the first proof that a genetic defect could cause obesity in humans But leptin deficiency turned out to be an extremely rare condition and there is a lot more research to be done before the 'magic' cure for obesity is ever found

A very uncommon complaint

A stumbling block

However, there is still a big stumbling block The laser is no nifty portable: it’s a monster that takes up a whole room Diels is trying to cut down the size and says that a laser around the size of a small table is in the offing He plans to test this more manageable system on live thunderclouds next summer

$100,000 each

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of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back.

Obtaining money to improve the lasers will depend on tests in real storms.

$100,000 each

of storms A laser thunder factory could shake the moisture out of clouds, perhaps preventing the formation of the giant hailstones that threaten crops With luck, as the storm clouds gather this winter, laser-toting researchers could, for the first time, strike back

Weather forecasters are intensely interested in Diels’s system.

NOT GIVEN

Seldom is the weather more dramatic than when thunderstorms strike Their electrical fury inflicts death or serious injury on around 500 people each year in the alone As the clouds roll

in, a leisurely round of golf can become a terrifying dice with death - out in the open, a lone golfer may be a lightning bolt’s most inviting target And there is damage to property too Lightning damage costs American power companies more than $100 million a year

But researchers in the United States and Japan are planning to hit back Already in laboratory trials they have tested strategies for neutralising the power of thunderstorms, and this winter they will brave real storms, equipped with an armoury of lasers that they will be pointing towards the heavens to discharge thunderclouds before lightning can strike

Trang 23

The idea of forcing storm clouds to discharge their lightning on command is not new In the early 1960s, researchers tried firing rockets trailing wires into thunderclouds to set up an easy discharge path for the huge electric charges that these clouds generate The technique survives

to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical Power Research Institute (EPRI), based in EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where wewant it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up

According to the text, every year lightning…

does considerable damage to buildings during thunderstorms

EPRI receives financial support from

power companies

be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhatinflated

aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European

Trang 24

counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees.

These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim Killer bees tend to travel in largeclusteror swarms and thus respond

A “hybrid" in paragraph 2 is

mixture

'This is nonsense,' says Dr Susan Jebb from the Dunn Nutrition Unit at Cambridge in

England Despite the persistence of this metabolism myth, science has known for several years that the exact opposite is in fact true Fat people have faster metabolisms than thin people 'What is very clear,' says Dr Jebb, 'is that overweight people actually burn off more energy They have more cells, bigger hearts, bigger lungs and they all need more energy just

to keep going.'

Expert explains energy requirements of obese people

Read the text and choose the most suitable heading

Despite the $500 million a year Australians spend trying to lose weight and the $830 million

it costs the community in health care, obesity is at epidemic proportions here, as it is in all Western nations Until recently, research and treatment for obesity had concentrated on behaviour modification, drugs to decrease appetite and surgery How the drugs worked was often not understood and many caused severe side effects and even death in some patients Surgery for obesity has also claimed many lives

Hidden dangers

Obesity is a huge problem in many Western countries and one which now attracts

considerable medical interest as researchers take up the challenge to find a 'cure' for the common condition of being seriously overweight However, rather than take responsibility fortheir weight, obese people have often sought solace in the excuse that they have a slow metabolism, a genetic hiccup which sentences more than half the Australian population (63%

of men and 47% of women) to a life of battling with their weight The argument goes like

Trang 25

this: it doesn't matter how little they eat, they gain weight because their bodies break down food and turn it into energy more slowly than those with a so-called normal metabolic rate.

Shifting the blame

The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia Howard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Science and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing

machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace

amounts of chemicals from the water that they use and transfer them to the air

The Corsi research team hypothesised that…

pollution is caused by dishwashers and baths.

It took only one night, spent in a sealed room at the Dunn Unit to disabuse one of their

patients of the beliefs of a lifetime: her metabolism was fast, not slow By sealing the room and measuring the exact amount of oxygen she used, researchers were able to show her that her metabolism was not the culprit It wasn't the answer she expected and probably not the one she wanted but she took the news philosophically

Proof of the truth

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of theircolon however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena

Trang 26

In order to understand the purpose of the assignment, students are advised to

read……….

the syllabus document

Trang 27

What is the major point that the author is making in this passage?

It has been necessary to protect Niagara Falls from the many tourists who go there.

Special Diets

Accommodation

Entertainment

Trang 28

If you need a special diet you should……

If you need a special diet you should

tell the coach company.

De Vany's advice to the modern exercise freak is to cut duration and frequency, and increase intensity 'Our muscle fibre composition reveals that we are adapted to extreme intensity of effort,' says De Vany, a professor of economics at the Institute of Mathematical Behavioral Sciences at the University of California, Irvine His approach to fitness combines Darwinian thinking with his interest in chaos theory and complex systems

of inertia

What term does De Vany use to describe his approach to physicalexercise?

evolutionary fitness

Special Diets

Trang 29

Entertainment

With every booking Classic Tours guarantee you will be able to……

take hand luggage on the coach.

Special Diets

Accommodation

facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach break page Other coach breaks have a

Trang 30

limited number of rooms with private facilities which, subject to availability, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking

Entertainment

Entertainment is available…….

Entertainment is available……

if there is the demand

The main topic discussed in the text is……

a laser technique used in trying to control lightning strikes

Although the metabolism myth has been completely disproved, science has far from

discounted our genes as responsible for making us whatever weight we are, fat or thin One ofthe world's leading obesity researchers, geneticist Professor Stephen O'Rahilly, goes so far as

to say we are on the threshold of a complete change in the way we view not only morbid obesity, but also everyday overweight Prof O'Rahilly's groundbreaking work in Cambridge has proven that obesity can be caused by our genes 'These people are not weak- willed,

Trang 31

slothful or lazy,' says Prof O'Rahilly, 'They have a medical condition due to a genetic defect and that causes them to be obese.'

New perspective on the horizon

be extremely aggressive in nature, although experts say that their aggression may have been somewhat inflated

aggression was considered an advantage: they were far more productive than their European counterparts in that they spent a higher percentage of their time working and continued working longer in inclement weather than did the European bees

These killer bees have been known to attack humans and animals, and some fatalities have occurred Experts point out, however, that the mixed breed known as the killer bee is actually not at all as aggressive as the pure African bee They also point out that the attacks have a chemical cause A killer bee stings only when it has been disturbed; it is not aggressive by nature However, after a disturbed bee stings and flies away, it leaves its stinger embedded in the victim In the vicera attached to the embedded stinger is the chemical isoamyl acetate, which has an odor that attracts other bees As other bees approach the victim of the original sting, the victim tends to panic, thus disturbing other bees and causing them to sting The new sting create more of the chemical isoamyl acetate, which attracts more bees and increases the panic level of the victim Killer bees tend to travel in large cluster or swarms and thus respond

The pronoun "They" in paragraph 3 refers to

experts

to this day at a test site in run by the of , with support from the Electrical Power Research

Trang 32

Institute (EPRI), based in EPRI, which is funded by power companies, is looking at ways to protect the ’ power grid from lightning strikes ‘We can cause the lightning to strike where wewant it to using rockets,’ says Ralph Bernstein, manager of lightning projects at EPRI The rocket site is providing precise measurements of lightning voltages and allowing engineers to check how electrical equipment bears up.

Researchers at the University of Florida and at the University of New Mexico…

receive funds from the same source.

The blue moons of today are called blue moons because of their rarity and not because of theircolor however, the expression “blue moon” may have come into existence in reference to unusual circumstances in which the moon actually appeared blue Certain natural phenomena

on a blue tint

According to the passage, the moon actually looked blue

after large volcanic eruptions

Tiêu đề	Đọc Tiếng Anh 6 En40
Trường học	Unknown
Chuyên ngành	English
Thể loại	Hướng dẫn khóa học
Năm xuất bản	Unknown
Thành phố	Unknown

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Số trang	64
Dung lượng	629 KB