10 adverbial clauses conditionals (1)

10 Adverbial Clauses Conditionals ADVERBIAL CLAUSES Adverbial Clauses ❖A dependent clause introduced by an adverbial subordinator ❖Used to modify the verb of the independent clause ➔ functioning as an.

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

Adverbial Clauses

TIME

after following the time that…

as soon as immediately at or instantly after the time that…

before earlier than the time when…

since from that time/moment

until up to the time of…

when a point in time/short duration

whenever at any time

while longer duration of time

Adverbial Clauses

Tense sequence with adverbial clauses of time

❖To talk about past or present ➔ use the same tense as in the independent clause

I normally look after the children while she ’s

practicing

When she heard the result, she was overjoyed

❖To talk about future ➔ use present

Wait here until you are ready to go

Adverbial Clauses

Tense sequence with adverbial clauses of time

❖ To talk about an action completed before another

described in the independent clause ➔ use simple or

perfect verb forms

As soon as you see / have seen her, come and tell me

She wrote to me after she spoke/ had spoken to Kim

COMPARE:

After I have written this book, I’m having a holiday (rather

than I WRITE – WHY? )

Turn off the lights as you leave (not YOU HAVE LEFT)

When I saw Jim, I asked him over for dinner.(not HAD

ASKED)

FREQUENCY as + adverb + as make a comparison

as if/ as though

so that

whether

Adverbial Clauses

Reducing adverbial clauses

❖ Retain BEFORE

A student should consider some factors BEFORE choosing a major

❖ Retain SINCE when it refers to time

SINCE moving to the U.S. , Carlos has not been back home (Since

Carlos moved…)s

Coming from a conservative family , Carlos was shocked at the U.S system of coed dormitories (Since/As Carlos came…)

❖ Delete AS when it refers to time

Getting used to the way of life here , he became less homesick.

❖ Delete all subordinators referring to reason

❖ Retain AFTER, WHEN and WHILE when the reduced form follows the independent clause

WHILE preparing for the TOEFL , he lived with a family.

Preparing for the TOEFL , he lived with a family.

He lived with a family WHILE preparing for the TOEFL.

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

3 If I were you, I wouldn’t do that

4 I’d appreciate it if you wouldn’t smoke

5 Would you be so kind as to shut the door?

6 If I had finished work earlier, I would have gone

to the movie.

Overview

Three types of conditionals

Zero Present Simple + Present Simple

If you press this button, the engine stops.

First Present Simple + will Inf

If she rings this evening, I’ll let you know.

Second Past Subjunctive + would Inf What would you do if you became President?

Third Past Perfect + would have p.p

If I hadn’t seen her, she’d had drowned.

Type-0 Conditionals

❖ Present Simple + Present Simple

❖ One thing always follows automatically from

another…

❖ If the door bell rings, the dog barks.

❖ If you add twelve and fifteen, what do you get?

❖ IF = WHEN

Type-1 Conditionals

If it rains, the reception will take place indoors.

If we don’t hurry, we won’t get there in time.

If we’re having a party, we’ll have to invite the

neighbors.

If he won’t do, there’s nothing we can do about it (=refusal)

If you’ll just sign here, thank you.

If you will drive so fast, you must expect to have accidents

(= insistence)

Type-2 Conditionals

❖ Past Subjunctive + Would-Infinitive

❖ Unlikely/Unreal conditions in present and future

If I had lots of money, I’d travel around the world.

I’d tell you the answer if I knew what it was.

Supposing we were to win the lottery, how would you

spend the money?

Would it be alright if I brought a friend?

If the sun were shining, everything would be perfect.

If you’d just sign here, please Thank you.

Type-3 Conditionals

If you’d taken the taxi, you’d have been here on time.

If I could’ve warned you in time, I’d have done.

If you hadn’t woken me up in the night, I wouldn’t feel

so tired now.

If Tom were ambitious, he’d have found himself a better

job years ago.

If you know London so well, you wouldn’t have got so

hopelessly lost.

❖ If it were not for + N

❖ If it had not been for + N

❖ Without + N

❖ But for + N

❖ Should it rain, the reception will take place indoors.

❖ Were I to have lots of money, I’d travel around the world.

❖ Had you taken a taxi, you’d have been here on time.

❖ Had it not been for you, we’d never have got there on

time.

❖ wish + past subjunctive: I wish I were taller

❖ wish + past perfect: I wish I had studied

harder when I was a student