VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter Cảm biến lưu lượng

1.Theory of Operation 2.Customer Benefits of unique Design Features 3.Application Examples 4.Sizing / Selection Criteria 5.Installation Considerations 6.Summary

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Measurement by mass is the most

• Reactions are mass balanced

weigh scales or load cells:

High cost for instruments:

33.6 Lb/Min

Flow Computer

To calculate Mass

Power Supply

4-20 mA Output Pulse Output

Combined Instrument Measurement

Turbine Meter

Densitometer

Flow Controller

Direct mass flow measurement with Coriolis mass

flowmeters

z One flow meter allows multiple measured

values

z Mass flow & mass total

z Density & concentration

z Volume flow & volume total

z Higher Safety Factor

z Easy to install & operate

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

So what is the Coriolis effect?

z Discovered by Gaspar Gustav de Coriolis in 1835

z The Coriolis effect is an apparent deflection of a moving object in a rotating frame of

reference, sometimes attributed to a fictitious force “Coriolis force”

z Used to show effect of earth’s rotation on weather patterns

Coriolis principle

Theory of Operation : Mass flow measurement

Consider a mass in a rotating system, moving towards (or away from the centre

of rotation The rotational velocity of the mass is changed, due an acceleration.

To accelerate an object, a force must be applied This is the Coriolis force.

Fc acts on the particle, m, with a resultant reaction Fr

Fr acts in the opposite direction

on the tube wall and can be measured as

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Sensor A

Sensor B

Sensor A

Common signal processing

techniques are prone to

ERRORS when

disturbances are present.

Optimass uses

extremely High Sampling

Rate (5 kHz) & Digital

Signal Processing to

Minimize Errors caused

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

is Prone to Errors at

lower flows.

m fluid = ρ fluid • V tube

m tube , V tube = constant

Frequency shift of VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

Greater the shift (water to air), better the density measurement

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Fixed to tube using epoxy adhesive, bonded and oven- cured

Theory of Operation 3: Temperature measurement

z Uses a PT 500 sensor mounted onto the outside of the measuring tube

z Also used for internal compensation

z Volume is not a direct measurement

z It is calculated from the mass flow and density measurement

Volume flow rate = Mass flow rate /Density of product

Other measurements: Volume flow

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

How did we get here?

Coriolis Designs

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Early designs

z Micromotion introduced first practical Coriolis Mass Flow Sensor 1977

z Single curved tube

z Vibration measured with respect to case

z “Case Referenced”

z Suffered from strong internal and external vibrations

z Required rigorous mounting

z Concrete blocks

Moving on …

z Manufacturers began to use twin tube systems

z Oscillation of two tubes in counter-phase

z Dampens vibrations of each tube

z Helps minimise pressure on housing and process connections

z Stable zero point

z Flow splitting device required

z Prone to clogging

z Introduces additional pressure drop

z Relatively poor cleaning

z Improved bent single tube design

z Floating reference

z Double loops

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Single straight tube still the goal … until 1994

z Krohne introduced WORLD’S first single straight tube Coriolis flowmeter

z G Series

z Single straight measuring tube: Titanium

z Still had installation concerns

z Did require clamping in specific manner

z Did however introduce SST into market

z Performance met customer demands

z Solved previous difficult application problems

z High viscosity

z Cleaning-in-place

z Solids handling and abrasive media

… and others followed

z Endress & Hauser Promass I - 1997

z MicroMotion T Series - 1999

z Krohne G+ 1997

z Solved many installation issues

z Increased size range

z Optional material: Zirconium

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

However …

z Installation issues still remained

z Accuracy affected

z Meters influenced by temperature changes

z Balance systems used only optimised for narrow density range

z Food industry reluctance to accept Titanium

z Preference for Stainless Steel

VersaFlow Coriolis 100

z Introduced 2006

z Uses elements of VersaFlow Coriolis 1000 design

z “Twin tube meter with SST experience built in”

Mechanical Components of VersaFlow Coriolis 100

Driver

Optimised Flow splitter

Optimised flow splitter to minimise pressure loss and

Features and Benefits

z All Stainless Steel Versions for the

Offshore, Food & Beverage, and

Pharmaceutical applications

z Optimised flow splitter to minimize

z Positioned and targeted at the General

purpose applications in following

VersaFlow Coriolis 100 with TWC 9000

+/- 0.025% of nom Flow Zero Stability:

0.2% of measured value plus Zero stability Accuracy:

-40 to 130 °C / -40 to 266°F Temperature Rating:

100 bar / 1450 PSI as standard

Pressure Rating Measuring Tube:

SS316 L and Duplex SS318 Wetted Materials:

125 000 4600

60 000 2200

20 000 735

4 800 175

Flow rate in kg/h lbs/min

50 40

25 15

Size:

VersaFlow Coriolis 100

z Released to market 2002

z Directly addressed customer needs

z Stable, reliable measurement

z Installation insensitive

z Only SST meter available in Stainless Steel – SS318L “Duplex”

Sensors Outer cylinder Connecting tube

Mechanical Components of VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

Construction

VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

Temperature changes cause the measuring tube to expand and

contract, this changes the tension, and also affects the tube stiffness

in the Single Straight Tube

• Strain Gauges are attached to both the Connecting Tube, and Inner Cylinder (Patented)

• Changes in tension are immediately sensed and compensated

• Every flowmeter is characterized at three different temperatures during calibration for use

in the algorithm that compensates for the expansion and contraction that occurs with

temperature changes

temperature compared to traditional Coriolis meters utilizing only a single

temperature sensor

Construction

VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

Drive Mode Animation

Coriolis Mode Animated

VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

Drive Mode not Optimised

Energy escaping to the surrounding pipe work

Drive Mode Optimised (AST)

VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

No noise to the surrounding pipe work

The stiffness (Modulus of Elasticity) of the metal measuring

tube changes with temperature

• All sensors use a 500 Ohm platinum RTD sensor mounted onto the

outside of the measuring tube, at the inlet end of the meter

• The temperature of the measuring tube is used to determine the

modulus of elasticity (stiffness)

• This measurement is also available as an output for process

temperature

PT500 fixed to tube

with epoxy adhesive

Construction

Technical Data

z Meter sizes: ¼” (6 mm)

3/8” (10 mm)

½” (15 mm) 1” (25 mm) 1½” (40 mm) 2” (50 mm) 3” (80 mm)

z Tube Materials: Titanium

Hastelloy C-22 Stainless Steel 318L

z Temperature Range: -40°F to 300°F | -40°C to 150°C

z Pressure Range: up to 1450 psig | 100 bar (size dependent)

z Accuracy: liquid: ±0.1% measured rate

gas: ±0.5% measured rate density: ±0.13 lbs/ft 3 | ±0.002 kg/L

(±0.03 lbs/ft 3 | ±0.0005 kg/L)

z Communication: HART©, Profibus PA, FF

z Approvals: EHEDG, 3A, FDA conforming

VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

z Standard Secondary Pressure Containment

z Single Straight tube:

z Exceptional performance in difficult applications

z Less likely to plug

z No flow divider

z High accuracy even with entrained air or solids

z Best sanitary design

z Less torturous path, less product damage

z Less Erosion for abrasive slurries

z Patented Mechanical Isolation System AST:

z Isolates measurement from process vibrations /

stress

z Simplest mounting requirements

z Three tube materials:

z Titanium, Stainless Steel, and Hastelloy C (Only

Optimass)

z Patented Driver System:

z Additional power to overcome process problems

z Food & Beverage Industry:

Brewing, Confectionary, Bakery,

Dairy, Fruit, Juice, Peanut Butter,

Coffee, Margarine, Olive Oil…

z Chemical Industry: Batching to reactors,

raw material feed, quality control, bulk

loading from storage to road/rail tankers,

tank farm management

z Pharmaceutical industry: Reactors feed,

ultra pure water ring, solvent recovery,

batching and filling

VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

SS 316L

Flange backing

SS318L HC-22

Pure Titanium

Flange raised face

SS 318L HC-22

Titanium grade 9

Measuring tube

SS 318L Hastelloy C-22

Titanium

Specifications

69mm 3”

48.5mm Ti & HC 46mm SS

2”

36.5mm

1 ½”

24mm 1”

15mm

½”

8.5mm 5/16”

5.5mm 3/16”

Approx Tube ID

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Stainless.Steel 318L

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

No Hastelloy C22

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Yes

Yes Titanium Grade 9

80 50

40 25

15 10

06 Size

VersaFlow Coriolis 1000

Specifications

+/- 2 kg/m3 +/- 0.13 lb/ft3

Titanium

Specifications

Front end signal processing

z Fitted to all sensor designs, materials and sizes; is a common component

z Contains A<>D hardware, u-processor and E2PROM to provide sensor drive and signal evaluation

z All mass flow and density measurements made in this component

z Contains all sensor calibration coefficients

z Connects with converter via 4 wire cable; 2 x RS 485 data & 2 x power

z Communicates all measured values to signal converter via RS 485 data link

VersaFlow Coriolis Signal Processing

z Improved performance; short analog path lengths to signal processing circuits reduce signal distortion and noise.

z Dedicated signal processor gives fast measurement response

z Can offer 300 m remote connection to signal converter using low cost cable

z Easy to change from compact <> remote signal converter for non Ex meters

z Provides “master” storage of calibration coefficients which allows easy service / change

of signal converter in case of signal converter failure

VersaFlow Coriolis TWC 9000

• The new converter for the VersaFlow Coriolis family of mass flow meters

• Single set of hardware modules fits all housing styles

• “General Design Converter” or “GDC” concept

• Uses power supply and output hardware with TWM 9000 converters

• Wall and Rack Mount versions available

• Stainless Steel housing option

• Enhanced graphical display

• Complete new Operating concept

• Modular options are very flexible – take care when ordering

• Some options can be changed by software

• Changing of boards in field is NOT possible

• For dual-phase pulse outputs, be sure to order 2 pulse modules!!!

• Also possible to have to up to 3 independent pulse outputs

• Check CG No to see what is supplied

• Can be found on label inside terminal housing cover

• Also found in electronics (Menu C5.1.02)

• All inputs and outputs are galvanically isolated from each other

VersaFlow Coriolis TWC 9000

• Modbus Direct Digital Communication

• OEM Solution

• Point-to-point or Multidrop

RS 485 Modbus 12 V DC PSU

4 core cable [2 x twisted pair]

PLC and PSU integrated into customer plant or skid control panel

VersaFlow Coriolis TWC 010

• Density

• Temperature

• % Concentration (i.e °Brix)

• Solute flow / total

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

General Guidelines

• Install vertical flow up

• Uniform and fast filling / emptying

• Less than 2% to 5% by volume

• Cavitations from pumps or valves

• High viscosity liquids

– Sucking air at joints

– Dropping fills in tanks

– Drawing tanks too low

• Install meter in highest pressure point

• Increase pressure by throttling downstream

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Special Considerations

• Slurry applications

• Avoid high velocities with abrasive slurries

• Use transition pieces to protect meter

• Provide straight run upstream of meter

• Install meter with vertical flow up to avoid settling out inside meter

• Higher pressures to increase density

• Provide operating conditions for sizing

• Will be limited on low density / low pressure

applications

• Perform onsite calibration for best performance

• % Concentration measurement dependent on customer supplied data, or standard data (i.e

Custody transfer measurements in a oil pipeline

Custody transfer measurements in a oil pipeline (2)

Applications - CT

Meters: 4 x VersaFlow100 S25

Medium: Fuel oil

Application:

One meter is measuring the supply,

one meter the return The difference

gives the fuel consumption.

Fuel consumption measurement on a ferry in Norway

Applications – Food & Beverage

Jose Cuervo Tequila - Filling Station in Mexico

Fiscal measurement with 2 x VersaFlow 1000 Size S40

Connection: Tri Clamp Power supply: 120 V AC Output: pulse output to batch controller

Note:

The meters have been installed in such a way that they will always be full This is good

engineering practice for this type of application.

Installation 1: Suspended by two metal rods

and two metal belts in a horizontal position

from the top of the filling station.

Selection & Sizing

z Consider accuracy required vs pressure drop

z Best Accuracy achieved at flow rates > 20% of nominal flow rates

z Measurement possible at lower flow rates for high viscosity products with a higher pressure

drop

z Rule of thumb: Meter required is one size smaller than piping

z For density & concentration measurements, use 7000-Titanium

z Sizes 15 & above for best performance

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Selection & Sizing – Viscosity effects

z For Newtonian fluids, using a static or dynamic viscosity value gives a good indication

of pressure drop

z For Non-Newtonian fluids:

z Shear-thinning, Shear thickening, Plastic, Thixotropic, Anti-thixotropic

z Ketchups, Margarine, Salad dressings, some paint & oils

z A static viscosity may not give a realistic calculation for the pressure drop & can lead to

an over-size meter being used

z Use the existing line size as an benchmark

z Temperature considerations: Remember that for some fluids, both static and dynamic

viscosities are temperature dependant, so ensure this variable is considered

Selection & Sizing – Velocity

z Fluid velocity can be important in meter selection

z In principle, the meters can work with a very high velocity

z Some food products are sensitive to churning and are kept to max 6 ft/s

Milk, Yoghurts, Mayonnaises etc

z Hydrocarbon liquids can cause static discharges above 24 ft/s

z Abrasion can occur at velocities 12 ft/s

z Air bubbles & mixtures effects reduced if velocity is higher to maintain mixing

VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Selection & Sizing – Materials

z Typically Coriolis mass flowmeters use tubing with a smaller wall thickness than

standard process piping

z Also areas of high stress where corrosion can occur

z Bends & welds

z Consider effects of temperature, concentration & impurities

z SS316L, SS318L, HC22 are NACE approved

z FDA has no objections to use of Titanium

z Beware of “leeching”: Use SS if a concern

z Do not use standard corrosion tables! Consult Krohne!

Optimass T 10 Pressure drop test

0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2

by 130% for Max Flow Rates

Meter selection and sizing VersaFlow Coriolis Flow Meter

Meter selection and sizing

Sizing software

• Sizing software is completely new for VersaFlow Coriolis Flow meter.

• Liquids and gases.

• Input screens:

- Customer information

- Process variables (flow, density, viscosity, temperature, pressure)

- Selection of meter design and sizes for all materials