Subject 3 Biological Waste Management

Subject 3 Biological Waste Management Subject 3 Biological Waste Management HV NGUYỄN HOÀNG MỸ LỚP CNSH 2007  Not only must care be taken when working with biological agents (viruses, bacteria, fungi[.]

Subject 3

Biological Waste Management

HV: NGUYỄN HOÀNG MỸ

LỚP: CNSH 2007

 Not only must care be taken when working

with biological agents (viruses, bacteria,

fungi, parasites etc), but also when managing the resulting waste

 How the waste is treated depends upon the characteristics of the waste (solid, liquid, mix) and the associated risk of the biological

agent

 Treatment for decontamination: chemical

agents (bleach, ethanol, etc ), or physical

 Waste hierarchy (phân cấp)

 Extended producer responsibility (tăng trách

nhiệm cho sản phẩm)

 Polluter pays principle (quy định trả cho phí ô

nhiễm)

Waste hierarchy (phân cấp)

 Refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and

recycle, which classify waste management

strategies according to their desirability in

terms of waste minimization

 The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of

waste

Extended producer

responsibility (gia tăng trách nhiệm sản xuất)

 Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) is a

strategy designed to promote the integration of all costs associated with products throughout their life cycle (including end-of-life disposal costs) into the market price of the product

 EPR is meant to impose accountability over the

entire lifecycle of products and packaging

introduced to the market This means that firms

which manufacture, import and/or sell products are required to be responsible for the products after

their useful life as well as during manufacture

Polluter pays principle (qui định phí ô nhiễm)

 The Polluter Pays Principle is a principle

where the polluting party pays for the impact caused to the environment

 With respect to waste management, this

generally refers to the requirement for a

waste generator to pay for appropriate

disposal of the waste

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

1 Infectious Waste- Cultures, stocks of infectious agents and associated biological, including but not limited to:

 • Regulated medical waste

 • Specimens from medical, pathology and research laboratories

 • Disposable culture dishes

 • Devices used to transfer, inoculate, and mix cultures

 • Wastes from the production of biological

 • Discarded live and attenuated vaccine

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

2 Pathological Waste- Human blood,

blood products, tissue, organs and body fluids that are removed during surgery, autopsy or other teaching or research

procedures including specimens and

their containers

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

3 All sharps (contaminated and uncontaminated) such as:

 • All cell culture materials

 • All microorganisms constructed using recombinant DNA

 • All materials that have been sterilized and are in red bag and/or any other bag /container with biohazard

label/symbol

 • Materials from spill clean ups

WASTE MANAGEMENT

BIOLOGICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

A) Liquids containing Biohazardous Agents

 Collect liquids in leak-proof containers such

as flasks or bottles

 Liquid waste containers designed to

withstand autoclaving temperatures must be used when steam sterilization is utilized

 To allow pressure equalization, they should

not be sealed

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT

B) Solids Containing Biohazardous Agents

 Non-sharp, solid laboratory waste (empty plastic cell culture flasks and petri dishes, empty plastic tubes, gloves, wrappers, absorbent tissues, etc.) contaminated with viable biological agents

should be collected in autoclavable bags   These plastic bags display the biohazard warning

symbol and are available from Stores in the

Medical Sciences Building

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT

 For laboratories generating large volumes of agar

gel in disposable petri dishes and tubes requiring

sterilization, such waste should be collected in a

white plastic 20 litre pail in the laboratory.

 Autoclavable bags filled with plasticware containing agar gel tend to leak fluids during and after the

sterilization process The pail will contain the liquids released by the agar gel After autoclaving and

cooling, the pail must be placed beside other waste awaiting removal by service workers.

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT

c) Sterilization and Disinfection

 Inactivate the biological agents by employing either chemical disinfection or steam

sterilization procedures

 Autoclaving (steam sterilization) is the

preferred (and generally regarded as the

most reliable) method of sterilizing biological waste

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT

 Depending on the volume of waste to be

sterilized, it may be necessary to extend the

duration of exposure to high temperature

steam under pressure

 Containers of liquid waste must be placed into an autoclavable tray or pan of sufficient capacity to contain all liquid in the event of vessel failure or breakage inside the

autoclave chamber Use extreme caution

when handling autoclaved liquids since they

BIOLOGICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT

 Autoclavable bags of solid waste should be closed but not sealed airtight to allow steam penetration before they are placed into the autoclave chamber After autoclaving

andcooling, these bags of autoclaved waste must be

placed into a black plastic garbage bag.

 No specific labelling is required Service

workers will remove unlabelled black garbage bags

 Service workers have been instructed to not remove bags of waste displaying the

biohazard warning symbol and to not remove

bags of solid waste containing glass or sharp

objects

 Following steam sterilization or chemical disinfection, innocuous liquids may be disposed of via the laboratory drainage system Flush with sufficient clean water to purge the drain immediately after disposal of all liquids

 Hazardous chemicals and radioisotopes must not be

disposed of in this manner!

 Do not pour melted agar into sink or floor drains Allow it to cool and solidify for disposal as a solid waste

 Service workers will remove black garbage bags containing

sterilized solid waste and pails containing treated agar gel.

b The container ( box, canister, etc) that are used for

collection of solid materials contaminated with

biological material, excluding sharps or

 c The bag containing biological waste must also have easily

recognizable and visible approved label

 d Liquid biological waste can be decontaminated by adding an effective liquid disinfectant such as 10% sodium hypochlorite

(household bleach) or an iodophor prior to pouring down into a sink

 e Autoclaving liquid biological waste may cause hazardous

situations (explosion, fire, released of toxic gas, etc) due to

interaction of autoclave parameters (heat, pressure, etc) with

chemicals in the waste

 f Items such as collection tray that contained bleach solution can

be autoclaved by adding sodium thiosulfate or similar chemicals

to prevent the release of chlorine gas

4 Disposal of Human Blood, Blood Products and Body Fluids

a Human blood, blood products and body fluids greater than

500 ml must be solidified with a product such as Isolyzer and placed in an appropriate labeled container for easy handling

b Amounts less than 500 ml may be disinfected with a bleach solution (1:10 final dilution) prior to pouring down into a sewer system Proper care and PPE must be utilized to prevent

splashing

c Discard disposable items contaminated with human blood

or body fluids (excluding sharps and glassware) in an

appropriate labeled container

6 Disposal of Sharps and Disposable Glassware

a Discard all needles, needle and syringe units, scalpels and razor blades, whether contaminated or not, directly into rigid, red, labeled sharps containers Do not recap, bend, remove or clip needles Do not overfill the sharps containers Arrange for pick up when the container is

3/4th full

b Uncontaminated Pasteur pipets and broken or

unbroken glassware are discarded into containers

specifically designed for broken glass disposal, or into heavy duty cardboard boxes that are sealable

THANKS!!!