Lecture Software process improvement: Lesson 40A provide students with knowledge about: measurement scales; nominal scale; ordinal scale; interval scale; ratio scale; absolute scale; scales of measurement; meaningfulness in measurement;... Please refer to the detailed content of the lecture!
Trang 1Measurement Scales
Lecture # 40A
Trang 5• We are trying to capture the location of
software faults (specification, code, design)
Trang 6• The ordinal scale is often useful to augment the nominal scale with information about an ordering of the classes or categories
• The ordering leads to analysis not possible with nominal measures
Trang 7Ordinal Scale 2
• The empirical relation system consists of
classes that are ordered with respect to the attribute
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Interval Scale 1
• The interval scale carries more information still, making it more powerful than nominal
or ordinal scales
• This scale captures information about the size of the intervals that separate the
classes, so that we can in some sense
understand the size of the jump from one
class to another
Trang 10• An interval scale preserves order, as with an ordinal scale
• An interval scale preserves differences but not ratios. That is, we know the difference between any two of the ordered classes in
the range of the mapping, but computing
the ratio of two classes in the range does not
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Interval Scale 3
• Addition and subtraction are acceptable on the interval scale, but not multiplication and division
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Ratio Scale 1
• We would like to be able to say that one
liquid is twice as hot as another, or that one project took twice as long as another
• This need for ratios gives rise to ratio scale
Trang 14• It is a measurement mapping that preserves ordering, the size of intervals between
entities, and ratios between entities
• There is a zero element, representing total lack of the attribute
• The measurement mapping must start at
zero and increase at equal intervals, known
as units
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Ratio Scale 3
• All arithmetic can be meaningfully applied
to the classes in the range of the mapping
Trang 16• The length of software code is also
measurable on a ratio scale
Trang 18• The measurement for an absolute scale is made simply by counting the number of
Trang 20inserted
Scales of Measurement
Trang 21Preference, hardness, air quality,
intelligence tests (raw scores)
Trang 22(standardized scores)
Trang 24• Can we deduce meaningful statements
about the entities being measured?
Trang 25complexity )
Trang 26• A statement involving measurement is
meaningful if its truth value is invariant of transformations of allowable scales
Trang 27Ghulam A. Farrukh 27
References
• Software Metrics: A Rigorous & Practical Approach, by Norman E. Fenton and Shari
L. Pfleeger, 2nd Edition, PWS Publishing
Company, 1997(Chapter 2.32.4)