Lecture Software process improvement: Lesson 34 provide students with knowledge about: SPICE – ISO/IEC 15504; principal/original goals of SPICE project; process dimension; capability dimension; capability levels and process attributes; performance management;... Please refer to the detailed content of the lecture!
Trang 1Lecture # 34
Trang 2SPICE – ISO/IEC 15504
• SPICE is a major international initiative to support the development of an International Standard for Software Process Assessment
• SPICE is also known as ISO/IEC TR
Standard 15504
• SPICE is acronym for Software Process
Improvement and Capability dEtermination
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Trang 3SPICE
Trang 5SPICE Project
• To develop a working draft for a standard for software process assessment
• To conduct industry trials of the emerging standard
• To promote the technology transfer of
software process assessment into the
software industry worldwide
Trang 6Principal/Original Goals of SPICE
Project
• The first goal of the project was achieved in June 1995, with the release of Version 1 of
Trang 7Project
• The methods of Software Process
Assessment are coming more generally into use in the management of software
development, acquisition and utilization, in the face of substantial evidence of the
success of such methods in driving
improvements in both quality and
productivity
Trang 8sectors
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Trang 9• At the same time, there has always been a recognition that process assessment can be
a strong and effective driver for process
improvement
• The major focus of use of the CMM/CMMI has been on improvement, and most
acquirers use assessment approaches as part
of a partnership approach with their
suppliers, focusing on improvement
Trang 10• In addition, methods have been developed with a specific focus on improvement
• As experience with the technique grows,
substantial empirical evidence has
accumulated demonstrating the benefits that can be derived from an assessmentbased
improvement programs
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Trang 11process assessment
Trang 12• All industries now depend on software for competitive advantage. Growth will only be achieved if industry meets and even
exceeds international standards and worlds best practice
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Trang 13• ISO/IEC 15504 is the reference model for the maturity models ( consisting of capability
levels which in turn consist of the process
attributes and further consist of generic
practices ) against which the assessors can
place the evidence that they collect during their assessment, so that the assessors can give an
overall determination of the organization's
capabilities for delivering products (software, systems, and IT services)
Trang 14• The reference model defines a process
dimension and a capability dimension
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Trang 17Attributes
• For each process, ISO/IEC 15504 defines a
capability level on the following scale:
Trang 18Following slide to be inserted
Capability Levels
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Trang 20• The capability of processes is measured
using process attributes. The international standard defines nine process attributes
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Trang 23Assessment of Process Attributes
Trang 24Assessment of Process
Attributes
• Each process attribute is assessed on a fourpoint (NPLF) rating scale:
Trang 25• The rating is based upon evidence collected against the practice indicators, which
demonstrate fulfillment of the process
attribute
Trang 27• A conformant assessment method must be used for the assessment process
• The actual method is not specified in the
standard
• The standard places requirements on
qualification and competence of assessors
Trang 28• The standard provides general guidance to assessors and this must be supplemented by undergoing formal training and detailed
guidance during initial assessments
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Trang 29Steps in Assessments
Trang 31• An assessor can collect data on a process by various means, including interviews with
persons performing the process, collecting documents and quality records, and
collecting statistical process data
• The assessor validates this data to ensure it
is accurate and completely covers the
assessment scope
Trang 32• The assessor assesses this data (using their expert judgment) against a process’s base practices and the capability dimension's
generic practices in the process rating step
• Process rating requires some exercising of expert judgment on the part of the assessor and this is the reason that there are
requirements on assessor qualifications and competency
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Trang 33• The process rating is then presented as a
preliminary finding to the sponsor (and
preferably also to the persons assessed) to ensure that they agree that the assessment is accurate
• In a few cases, there may be feedback
requiring further assessment before a final process rating is made
Trang 35• The process assessment model is based on the process reference model for systems:
ISO/IEC 15288
• The standard allows other models to be
used instead, if they meet ISO/IEC 15504's criteria, which include a defined community
of interest and meeting the requirements for content (i.e. process purpose, process
outcomes and assessment indicators)
Trang 36Tools Used in the Assessment
• There exist several assessment tools. The
simplest comprise paperbased tools that are manually used. In general, they are laid out
to incorporate the assessment model
indicators, including the base practice
indicators and generic practice indicators. Assessors write down the assessment results and notes supporting the assessment
Trang 37• There are a limited number of computer
based tools that present the indicators and allow users to enter the assessment
judgment and notes in formatted screens, as well as automate the collated assessment
result (i.e. the process attribute ratings) and creating reports
Trang 40Process Improvement
• ISO/IEC 15504 can be used to perform
process improvement within a technology organization
• Process improvement is always difficult,
and initiatives often fail, so it is important
to understand the initial baseline level
(process capability level), and to assess the situation after an improvement project
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Trang 41• ISO 15504 provides a standard for assessing the organization's capacity to deliver at each
Trang 42• It specifies requirements for improvement programs and provides guidance on
planning and executing improvements
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Trang 43Capability Determination
• An organization considering outsourcing
software development needs to have a good understanding of the capability of potential suppliers to deliver
• ISO/IEC 15504 can also be used to inform supplier selection decisions. The ISO/IEC
15504 provides a framework for assessing proposed suppliers, as assessed either by the organization itself, or by an independent
Trang 44• The ISO/IEC 15504 provides a framework for assessing proposed suppliers, as
Trang 45• Target process profiles are particularly
important in contexts where the organization (for example, a government department) is
required to accept the cheapest qualifying
vendor
• This also enables suppliers to identify gaps
between their current capability and the level required by a potential customer, and to
undertake improvement to achieve the contract
Trang 46Acceptance of ISO/IEC TR
15504
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Trang 47with industry relevant variants 47
Trang 48• Domainspecific models like Automotive SPICE and SPICE 4 SPACE can be derived from it
• There have been many international
initiatives to support takeup such as SPICE for small companies
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Trang 49• On the other hand, ISO/IEC 15504 has not yet been as successful as the models
developed by Software Engineering
Institute
• There are several reasons for this: (next
slide)
Trang 50• ISO/IEC 15504 is not available as free
download but must be purchased from the ISO (Automotive SPICE on the other hand can be freely downloaded.) CMM and
CMMI are available as free downloads from the SEI website
• The CMMI is actively sponsored by the US Department of Defense
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Trang 52• Like the CMM, ISO/IEC 15504 was created
in a development context, making it
difficult to apply in a service management context. But work has started to develop an ITILbased process reference model that
can serve as a basis for a process
assessment model
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Trang 53• You can join the SPICE users’ group
www.spiceusergroup.org
Trang 55• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504