Lecture Software process improvement: Lesson 13 - Dr. Ghulam Ahmad Farrukh

Lecture Software process improvement: Lesson 13 provide students with knowledge about: introduction to CMMI; standard CMMI appraisal method for process improvement; relationship between key terms; short history of CMMI; commonly used CMMs;... Please refer to the detailed content of the lecture!

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Introduction to CMMI

Lecture # 13

• But most will agree that the CMMI is a 

merger of process improvement models for systems engineering, software engineering, hardware engineering, and integrated teams

• The integrated model has both a continuous and staged perspective

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• It is neither

be done in your organization

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• The CMMI recommends certain attributes that are necessary when documenting 

processes

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What is a Process Description?

• A process description is a “documented 

expression of a set of activities to achieve a given purpose”

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CMMI

• The CMMI is used as a guideline to create processes and procedures

• CMMI is used as the reference model for 

the SCAMPI appraisal method to examine the organization’s processes and procedures

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Relationship between Key Terms

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Relationship between Key Terms

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Short History of CMMI

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What Models Do I Use?

• Historically:  Depends on the discipline that you want to model

– How Capability is Defined (institutionalization) 17

Commonly Used CMMs

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engineering System Engineering Capability Model continuous system 

engineering Software Acquisition CMM staged software 

acquisition System Security Engineering CMM continuous security 

engineering Personal Software Process staged individual 

software development FAA­iCMM continuous software 

engineering, systems  engineering, and acquisition

product development

SPICE Model continuous software 

development

System and Software Divide

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So Many Models, So little Time

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Software CMM

Systems Security Engr CMM

Systems Security Engr CMM

Systems Engr CMM

Systems Engr CMM

People CMM

People CMM

ZZZ CMM

ZZZ CMM

FAA iCMM

FAA iCMM

IPD CMM

IPD CMM

Software Acq CMM

Software Acq CMM

EIA 731

CMMI Comes to Rescue

• Integrates systems and software disciplines into one process improvement framework

• Provides a framework for introducing new disciplines as needs arise

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Bridging the Divide

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Bridging the Divide

• Some organizations see themselves as performing  just one discipline

– Acquisition can involve both

• Communication and cooperation with other 

disciplines, even if they are external to our 

Models directly influencing CMMI

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Models directly influencing 

CMMI

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CMMI Models

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CMMI Models

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CMMISE/SW

-Staged Representation

SE/SW

CMMI-ContinuousRepresentation

• Capability Maturity Model

for Software V2, draft C

Comparing Model Representations

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. . .for an established  set of process areas across an organization

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Staged Representation

• The staged representation is the approach used in  the Software CMM. It is an approach that uses 

Process Area Capability and 

Organizational Maturity

• Process area capability and organizational maturity are similar concepts

• Selecting a single representation approach became 

“too hard”

• A compromise was made to initially support two  representations of the model with equivalent 

content

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CMMI Structure: One Model, Two 

Representations

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CMMI Structure: One Model, 

Two Representations

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    PI, VER, VAL Project Management

    PP, PMC, SAM     IPM, RSKM, QPM Process Management     OPF, OPD, OT,     OPP, OID

Process Management     PAs

    ­  Goals     ­  Practices

Support

    CM, PPQA, MA,      CAR, DAR

Appendixes

CMMI­SE/SW

Staged

Overview     Introduction     Structure of the Model     Model Terminology     Capability Levels and Generic Model Components     Understanding the Model

    Using the Model

CMMI­SE/SW Continuous

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CMMI Model Structure

• Maturity Levels (staged representation) or Capability Levels (continuous 

representation)

• Process Areas

• Goals – Generic and Specific

• Practices – Generic and Specific

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CMMI Model Structure

• The CMMI product suite is at the forefront 

of process improvement because it provide the latest best practices for product and 

service development and maintenance

• The CMMI models improve the best 

practices of previous models in many 

important ways

customer expectations

– More fully comply with relevant ISO standards

– Means to emphasize the alignment of the process  improvement objectives with organization business  objectives

file), (Chapter 1­4)