Travel to Liverpool pptx

In 1830, the world's first railway line connecting two large city areas opened; the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and in the period 1824-1858, 16 km of new mooring space in the port

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ISBN 978-87-7061-490-0

2nd edition

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A visit to Liverpool

www.visitliverpool.com

Liverpool is, without doubt, one of England's most

exciting cities to visit Before they visit, many already

feel that they know the city, especially the sports

scene and cultural life throughout time The Beatles

with Paul McCartney and John Lennon as front

figures is from here, and the city is home to the two

football flagships, Liverpool F.C and Everton

However, there is much more to Liverpool than

football and music Liverpool is the city of

cathedrals with two of the most spectacular church

buildings in the country; the majestic Anglican

Cathedral and the modern Metropolitan Cathedral

The city is also home to numerous museums Many

of them are centred around the former docks They

are renovated and are now one of the biggest tourist

attractions offering history, shopping, and good

gastronomic experiences

Liverpool's location at the shore of the Mersey River

is beautiful and so is the neighbourhood Wales' hilly

country, the ocean, and the other large city of the

neighbourhood, Manchester, are not far away

Enjoy your stay!

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Historical Outline

The official history of Liverpool dates back to 1207

where documents signed by King John announce that

a settlement by the name of 'Livpul' will be established

It is believed that the king wished to establish a port in

the neighbourhood that was not under the control of

the Earl of Chester, and Livpul offered easy access to

the ocean and navigations to Ireland

The defence XXX, Liverpool Castle was built in

1235, and already in these early years of the city's

history, it was used as discharge port for the troops

for Ireland

Early on, a market place was established as well

where the newcomers traded fish and agricultural

produce This continued throughout the following

centuries when Liverpool was just a small village In

the mid-1300s, which were good times, ca 1,000

people lived here

Towards the end of the 1500s, times became

economically difficult, and during the reign of

Queen Elizabeth I, the citizens asked to be relieved

from taxes At that time, the number of inhabitants

had decreased to ca 600

However, the 1600s brought prosperity and an

increase in trade The originally well-thought

location of the port now gained a footing for trade,

which increasingly moved from the city of Chester

to Liverpool In 1626, King Charles bestowed

increased rights upon Liverpool, which further

stimulated trade from Liverpool to Ireland, Isle of

Man, and America The first cargo from America

landed in 1648 and in the course of a few years, a

significant navigation developed for the West Indies

and British America

Shipping and the jobs it created, caused many new

inhabitants to settle in Liverpool, which

consequently grew rapidly So did the industry; the

first sugar refinery opened in 1670 Sugar along with

other goods, such as tobacco, arrived by sea, and from the port of Liverpool, commodities such as coal, salt, and textiles were shipped At this time, Liverpool had become the most important English city outside London

In 1699, the first slave ship, 'Liverpool Merchant,' left Liverpool Naturally, there were

no slaves aboard from England It was a triangular trade between Liverpool, Africa, and America On the first sail, 220 slaves were sat down on Barbados The port was continually enlarged, in 1715 with the world's first wet dock, and had a capacity of 100 ships

At the same time as the enlargement of the port, the registered merchant navy increased markedly

At the end of the 1700s, 40% of the world's and 80% of England's lucrative slave trade were connected with Liverpool The height was reached in 1799 when 45,000 slaves were transported The large profit turned Liverpool into a financial centre, which besides London only Bristol was able to compete with The slave transport for the British colonies ended in 1834 Throughout the 18th century the population increased from 6,000 to 80,000, and Liverpool became well connected to the neighbourhoods e.g by a canal to Manchester in 1721 Various institutions arose, and in 1726 the old Liverpool Castle had been torn down Today, the name of Castle Street is the only memento of its location

The 19th century was the century of the industrialisation Industries and an increase in population and trade became familiar In 1830, the world's first railway line connecting two large city areas opened; the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, and in the period 1824-1858, 16 km of new mooring space in the port were laid out

In 1845-1849, the famine ravaged Ireland and in few years the large number of Irishmen coming

to Liverpool caused the proportion of Irishmen

in the population to reach 25% The Irishmen's

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stamp on the city is still a heritage that can be seen

and found in the city today

Liverpool's international significance and prestige in

the mid-1800s lead to the building of a number of

stately buildings to signal wealth St George's Hall

from 1854 is just one example

The 20th century began as yet another century with

growth and optimism Immigrants flocked from

Wales and Italy and several buildings were erected;

Anglican Cathedral in 1904 and the city's perhaps

most famous buildings at Pier Head with Royal Liver

Building in front were finished in 1916 Navigation

was still significant; the city was home to the shipping

company White Star Line whose flagship H.M.S

Titanic was registered here Originally Titanic was

supposed to sail from Liverpool instead of

Southampton Recession came when the worldwide

economic crisis also came to Liverpool in the 1920s

Unemployment became the norm in a city that had

witnessed continuous growth for centuries

During the Second World War, Liverpool was hit by many bombardments 2,700 lost their lives, and many buildings were ruined During the post-war years, the city was quickly rebuilt, but many jobs had disappeared and trade in the otherwise busy port did not develop in a positive direction Of the 850,000 citizens in the 1930s only 460,000 were left in 1985

Meanwhile, culture flourished In the 1960s, the so-called Mersey beat appeared in music, and one of the world's most well known bands The Beatles from Liverpool became popular

The city reached its economic low in the 1980s A large debt, high unemployment, crime, riots, and hooliganism were parts of Liverpool, but since the 1990s things have changed markedly The city has increased growth with the help of tourism and the cultural scene The city docks came on the UNESCO list of world heritage in 2994, and in

2008 the city was the cultural capital of Europe

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Tour 1: Liverpool

1 Liverpool Cathedral

St James Mount

www.liverpoolcathedral.org.uk

Liverpool Cathedral lies majestically above the city

on St James Mount The substantial, soaring tower

emphasizes the grandiosity of the building, which is

best experienced from a distance on the docks of

the Mersey River

In 1880, the first bishop of the city was inaugurated,

but there was no cathedral in the city, only the small

parish church St Peter's After many years of debate,

a competition was arranged to establish a cathedral

in 1902 The choice fell on a proposal submitted by

the 22-year-old Giles Gilbert Scott King Edward

VII laid the foundation stone in 1904 and the

church was completed in 1978 as the last, large

Gothic Cathedral building in Europe

It is the city's Anglican Cathedral, and the largest

church building in England, and one of the largest

in the world

The impressive dimensions of the cathedral measure

186 metre in length and 53 metre to the top of the

church tower vault, which makes it the highest in the

world The organ has almost 10,000 pipes, and among

the bells you will find a record bell weighing 31 ton

From the 100 metre high church tower, there is a

magnificent view of Liverpool, the Mersey River, and

on a fine day you can see northern Wales and Blackpool Tower in the seaside town of Blackpool

2 Chinatown

Duke Street

In Duke Street, at the entrance to Nelson Street you can see a Chinese gate as a symbol of the Chinese quarter, Chinatown In Chinatown you will experience the Chinese touch, especially in the shops and restaurant

Liverpool's Chinatown is one of the oldest Chinese communities in Europe It began in the 1800s with the increasing traffic and trade in Chinese ports of the shipping company Alfred Holt and Company's

3 St Luke’s Church

Bold Street

St Luke's Church was built in 1811 and opened

in 1831 In 1941, an incendiary bomb hit the church Today, it is still a site of a fire, with only the external walls and the tower remaining The churchyard is turned into a small park

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4 Philharmonic Hall

Hope Street

www.liverpoolphil.com

Liverpool's Philharmonic opened in 1939 on the

exact spot where the former building with the same

function had been located since 1849 The old

building was considered to have probably the best

acoustics in Europe, so it was a loss when it burned

to the ground in 1933 However, the present

Philharmonic is built with the purpose of creating

the best possible acoustics, and it is an experience to

be among the audience The Philharmonic is home

to the Royal Liverpool Philharmonic

5 The Philharmonic Dining Rooms

Hope Street/Hardman Street

Diagonally opposite from the Liverpool

Philharmonic Hall you will find the pub 'The

Philharmonic Dining Rooms,' colloquially ”the Phil.”

Throughout time, many celebrities have visited the

pub including the members of The Beatles

The building is built in art nouveau style and opened

in 1898 It is very interestingly and impressively

decorated and the men's room is among the

highlights

6 Metropolitan Cathedral

Mount Pleasant www.liverpoolmetrocathedral.org.uk

Liverpool's Roman Catholic Cathedral is the Metropolitan Cathedral, which is raised in the landscape at the end of Hope Street, which radiates from the Anglican Cathedral, Liverpool Cathedral

The building of the first intended church was begun in 1930, but at the outbreak of the Second World War, the construction came to a halt At that time, not even the crypt was finished and the architect Sir Edwin Lutyens' plans would be too expensive to carry out after the war Thus, the present cathedral is designed by Sir Frederick Gibberd and was finished in 1967

The ground plan of the Metropolitan Cathedral

is circular and the central part of the church is a multicoloured glass lantern, which reaches a height of 87 metres The interior is very bright and spacious, and the modern and exceptional interior is definitely worth seeing

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Trip 2: Liverpool

7 Lime Street Railway Station

Lime Street

Lime Street is Liverpool's most important railway

station, and the station where the trains for London

departs The most important railway buildings are

the two large cast iron platform halls and the castle

like main building facing Lime Street

The original station on the section between

Liverpool and Manchester opened in 1830 on

Crown Street east of Lime Street Lime Street

Railway Station was built in 1833-1837, however,

the two large platform halls are from respectively

1849 and the 1880s

8 Empire Theatre

Lime Street

www.liverpoolempire.org.uk

Empire Theatre is Liverpool's largest theatre with

more than 2,300 seats The theatre opened in 1925

and is built in a stately design fit for the other grandiose buildings in William Brown Street

9 Wellington’s Column

William Brown Street

The 40 metre high Wellington Column was erected

in 1874-1875 in memory of Arthur Wellesley's victories in the Napoleonic Wars Wellesley was the Duke of Wellington, hence its name

The monument consists of a central Doric column with a statue of Wellington on the top The column shows symbols of Wellesley's four greatest victories; Badajoz, Talevera, Vitoria, and Waterloo The statue of Wellesley himself is cast

in French canons from Waterloo, and Wellesley

is placed gazing in the direction of Waterloo, which is considered to be his biggest victory

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10 County Sessions House

This building was established as a court building for

the administration of Lancashire County Council It

opened in 1884, and is built in classicist style with

Corinthian columns in front of the main entrance

Today, it is the office of Liverpool's national

museums

11 Walker Art Gallery

www.thewalker.org.uk

The museum Walker Art Gallery contains the largest

art collection in England outside London The place

refers to itself as the National Gallery of Northern

England Walker Art Gallery opened in 1877 and is

named after the patron Sir Andrew Barclay Walker,

who made the establishment possible

You can enjoy an exquisite collection of European

art from the 14th century to today, e.g Italian and

Dutch art from 1300-1500 is represented The

so-called Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood from 1848 is also

here; they were known for wanting to create

innovation in British art As the name implies, the goal was to reach back in time before Raphael and the height of the Renaissance

The gallery also has an interesting exhibition of modern British art as well as a fine collection of sculptures, French Impressionist painting and much more

12 St George’s Hall

William Brown Street www.stgeorgeshall.eu www.civichalls.liverpool.gov.uk

The large St George's Hall is one of central Liverpool's greatest historic buildings It thrones

as a colossal Neo-Classicist temple in the middle

of the public building grounds around near William Brown Street

In the period 1749-1824 the city's first infirmary was located at this spot In 1836, it was decided to build a festival and concert hall The result of that decision became St George's Hall, which is built in the period 1841-1854 It has two functions; a concert hall and various courtrooms The concert hall is in the rectangular room in the middle and measures 52x23 metre in ground plan The vaulted ceiling is 25 metres high Various courtrooms are located at both ends of the building

East of the building, you will find St George's Plateau where there are equestrian statues and the striking, oblong war memorial from 1930

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13 Liverpool Central Library

William Brown Street www.civichalls.liverpool.gov.uk

Liverpool Central Library was finished in 1860 under the name of William Brown Library and Museum The patron William Brown, who had the former Shaw’s Brow Street named after him, began the construction

The first building is still, as initially planned, established as both library and the museum World Museum Liverpool

Subsequently, the so-called Picton Reading Room was added in 1875-1879 The room is easy recognizable with its circular shape Inside, you will find a beautiful reading room in the large domed room This was the first public room of the city lighted by electricity

In 1906, the Hornby Library was added, financed

by the grocer and collector Hugh Frederisck Hornby, who donated his books and other belongings to the city in 1899 Hornby also donated money for the building, which is built in opulent Edwardian style

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14 World Museum Liverpool

www.worldmuseumliverpool.org.uk

The World Museum Liverpool is a large classic

museum with fine collections within the fields of

archaeology, ethnology, and natural science The

foundation of the collection dates back to 1853

when the Earl of Derby's collection of natural

history was exhibited at another place in the city

Among the many highlights is a comprehensive

Egyptian collection, the exhibits about the people

and cultures of the world, and the space and time

theme

15 St Johns Garden

The green St John's Garden is a memorial park laid

out on the site where the St John's Church was

located in the years 1783-1887 The park is

landscaped in terraces and opened in 1904 In the

park, you can se a number of monuments erected in

honour of wars or significant persons from

Liverpool's history

16 Queensway Tunnel

Queensway Entrance www.merseytunnels.co.uk

Queensway tunnel is a tunnel under the River Mersey It connects Liverpool with the city of Birkenhead and is therefore also called the Birkenhead Tunnel The excavation begun in 1925, and the 3,240 metre long tunnel was opened by King George V and Queen Mary in 1934

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School Lane

www.bluecoatartscentre.com

The Bluecoat from ca 1717 is the oldest preserved

building in central Liverpool The goal was to

establish a school for the poor children of the city;

the Liverpool Blue Coat School In 1906, the school

changed address and the Bluecoat was turned into

an art centre, which often has fine exhibitions with

the works of prominent artists

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Williamson Square www.radiocity.co.uk

The 102 metre high Radio City Tower opened in

1968 under the name of St John's Beacon The name comes from the St John's shopping centre, which lies at the foot of the tower In the

beginning, there were a rotating restaurant and a vantage point in the tower, but both have closed and reopened several times

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In 2000, the tower opened as Radio City Tower, and

the observation deck has reopened and offers a

great view of the city

19 National Conservation Centre

Whitechapel

www.nationalconservationcentre.org.uk

The National Conservation Centre belongs under

the Liverpool Museums It is a building which

continuously arranges very different theme

exhibitions

20 The Cavern Club

10 Mathew Street

www.caverncitytours.com

The Cavern Club is the rock 'n roll club in the

centre of Liverpool where The Beatles future

manager, Brian Epstein, was introduced to the band

in 1961 The club opened as a jazz club in 1957, but

after a few years the club also held beat nights

On the 21st of February, 1961, The Beatles gave their

first performance here, and throughout 1961 and

1962, they gave 292 concerts at the club Later, a

number of other big names performed here, such

as the Hollies, Elton John, and the Rolling Stones The club is still open and has, as far as possible, kept the style and structure from the past

21 Town Hall

Castle Street www.civichalls.liverpool.gov.uk

At the end of Castle Street, which is named after Liverpool's old castle, lays the beautiful Town Hall The foundation stone was put down in

1749, and the beautiful building was finished in

1754 A front of Corinthian columns faces both Castle Street and the opposite side

The ground floor of the Town Hall was originally intended for the exchange, but it was never as successful as hoped In 1795, a fire ruined the interior, which consequently could be altered The new building came to include the Mayor's residence, the Council Chambers, administrative offices for the police, and a public meeting room

Already at the entrance and central staircase, you are met with the luxurious decoration At the stairs you can see a statue of the local Member of Parliament, George Canning, who was also the Prime Minister in 1827, and a painting of Queen Elizabeth II, and of course the impressive dome The large Ballroom hall measures 27x12.8 metres and 12 metres in height Some of the most exquisite Georgian candelabra hang from the ceiling of the Ballroom; they were made in Staffordshire in 1820

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22 Nelson Monument Exchange Street West

Just behind Liverpool's Town Hall, a monument

is erected in the honour of Admiral Horatio Nelson It was designed by Matthew Cotes Wyatt and set up in 1813

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Trip 4: Liverpool

23 Pier Head

Canada Boulevard

Pier Head is the name of the quay area where

George's Dock was located Today, the place is

primarily known for the three beautiful and diverse

buildings, the so-called 'Three Graces;' the Royal

Liver Building, Cunard Building, and Port of

Liverpool Building

In addition to the 'Three Graces,' which are

described below, you will find the Mersey Tunnel

Building from 1930 It contains offices and

ventilation facilities for the Queensway Tunnel,

which crosses the Mersey River

In the green space along Canada Boulevard, you can see memorial tablets for Canadians who fell

in the Battle of the Atlantic Sea, which was directed from Liverpool You will also find an equestrian statue of King Edward VII from 1921

Several ferries sails from Pier Head, including the famous Mersey Ferries, which sail between Pier Head and Birkenhead on the opposite shore It is

a nice trip, and Pier Head, the docks, and Liverpool Cathedral are best viewed from the water The ferries sail from George's Landing Stage where you can also sail to the Isle of Man

The area north of Pier Head, at St Nicholas Place, is under strong development with a lot of extensive new buildings

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24 Royal Liver Building

The Royal Liver Building is one of Liverpool's

landmarks and many considered it to be the most

beautiful building in Liverpool In 1911, the building

was finished according to the drawings of Walter

Aubrey Thomas It is one of the first examples of

high-rise buildings in concrete The characteristic

Gothic style of the building has subsequently

inspired the Municipal Building in New York and

Josef Stalin's 'The Seven Sisters' in Moscow

The two towers of the buildings are a striking

architectural feature The great clocks, which

navigators could set their clocks by, are with 8 metres

in diameter larger than Big Ben's in London

The clocks were originally called George Clocks,

because they were started at the exact time when

King George V was crowned in 1911

The two clock towers of the building are each

crowned by a statue of the mythical bird, Liver Bird

According to tradition, one of the birds looks at the

city in order to protect the citizens, and the other bird looks at the sea for sailors arriving at the port It is said that if one of the birds disappear, Liverpool will perish, so naturally they are well fixed to the towers The Royal Liver Building was built as the headquarters for the organisation, the Royal Liver Friendly Society and still

It is said to be a symbol of the traditional way of constructing a ship For a while, the building was the centre of the British transatlantic passenger traffic It functioned as passenger terminal with ticket sale, waiting rooms, and luggage facilities

Cunard Line resided here until the 1960s when the company moved to Southampton The building was taken over by an insurance company

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26 Port of Liverpool Building

The Port of Liverpool Building is designed by

Arnold Thornley and built in 1904-1907 As the

name implies, it was built to house the port

authorities; the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board,

which until 1907 resided in a former customhouse

The style is Edwardian Baroque and there is a

resemblance to St Paul's Cathedral in London On

the outside, a dome which inside constitutes the

ceiling of an impressive octagonal hall crowns the

building

The port authorities moved to another address in

1994 and sold the Port of Liverpool Building in

2001 Today, the building includes offices rent by

prestigious companies, luxury apartments, and

various activities for visitors

27 Museum of Liverpool

Mann Island www.liverpoolmuseums.org.uk/mol

The Museum of Liverpool is Liverpool's town museum, but its exhibition covers much more than only the city The city's importance within world trade and navigation is also a general theme of the museum, which opened in 2010

28 St George’s Dock Ventilation Tower

Mann Island

This monumental art deco building was constructed as a ventilation tower for the tunnel system, which is established under the streets and Mersey River

Tiêu đề	A Visit to Liverpool
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS
Trường học	University of Liverpool
Chuyên ngành	Tourism Studies
Thể loại	Essay
Năm xuất bản	2010
Thành phố	Liverpool

Định dạng
Số trang	43
Dung lượng	5,23 MB