Travel to Cardiff pptx

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com5 A visit to Cardiff www.visitcardiff.com Cardiff is the capital of Wales, the incredibly beautiful country with the many hills and mountains, the

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ISBN 978-87-7061-488-7

2st edition

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to agreement with the following copyright owners:

Stig Albeck, Inga Albeck, Wikipedia.

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A visit to Cardiff

www.visitcardiff.com

Cardiff is the capital of Wales, the incredibly

beautiful country with the many hills and mountains,

the long coast line, and the many charming cities,

which exudes the Welsh atmosphere All these

things are not far from Cardiff, and have helped

form the historic development of Wales

Due to the prevalence of especially coal and iron,

Wales has been one of the leading cities in the

industrialisation of Great Britain, and it has created

enormous fortunes throughout time; fortunes that

have been used for buildings in the capital

The industrial history is history Through the recent

decades, Cardiff has been transformed, through a

revitalisation of the old docks of Cardiff Bay In

walking distance from the old city centre, you can

now find a modern area at the water, which adds a

whole new dimension to the city for the many visitors

Cardiff has experimented with modern architecture,

but also has something for those who wish to

experience pure Edwardian architecture and town

planning The neo-Gothic medieval look of Cardiff

Castle is also worth a visit

Enjoy your stay!

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Historical Outline

The history of Cardiff dates back to the era of the

Roman Empire in the British Isles Aulus Didius

founded the city in the year 45, and 30 years later a

Roman fort was established at the spot where

Cardiff Castle is situated today After the Romans'

departure in the 380s, it was not until 445 that

Cardiff is mentioned in the Welsh annals

Around the year 850, Vikings attack the Welsh coast,

and for a while, Cardiff is used as the area's base and

harbour Some 200 years later in 1081, Wilhelm the

Conqueror, who was the English King William I, led

an army through the south of Wales Cardiff was

conquered, and Cardiff Castle was founded on the

site of the old Roman fort

Around Cardiff Castle, a city grew up of primarily

English settlers In 1126, the city got its first mayor,

and before the end of the 13th century, Cardiff was

the only city in Wales with more than 2,000 citizens

From the 1300s, Cardiff was an important port and

received certain trade rights, which further

developed the city Weekly markets were established

and tradesmen from all around the neighbourhood

visited the city frequently However, in 1404, the

development stopped short when Owain Glyndwr

conquered Cardiff Castle and burned most of the

city's houses Owain Glyndwr was the last native

Welshman to bear the title Prince of Wales

However, shortly after the destruction, the city was

rebuilt and this initiated a new growth

When England and Wales entered the Act of Union

in 1536, new administrative unities, counties, in

Wales and Cardiff became the main city in one of

these In the following years, convents were closed

down, a new military system introduced, and Cardiff

became represented in the English Parliament,

House of Commons The Herbert family was

Cardiff's leading cities at the time, and in 1551,

William Herbert became the first Lord of Cardiff

During the following centuries, the area experienced a relatively peaceful period with the exception of the British Civil War in 1648-1649 where a battle took place in Llandaff outside Cardiff

In 1776, the first marquis of Bute, John Stuart married into the Herbert family, thus making the Stuart family the leading family in the city For instance, John Stuart started a large renovation

of Cardiff Castle Other large buildings followed and the city became connected to London by stagecoach All this happened in spite of a lack of increase in number of inhabitants; in 1801, only 1,870 citizens lived here

However, in the first half of the 1800s, the prosperity took flight in earnest when John Crichton-Stuart, the second marquis of Bute, built docks in Cardiff The docks were connected

to the areas where coal was mined by the railroads, and thus Cardiff became a port of transit of enormous value This attracted people from especially England and Ireland, and before the end of the century, Cardiff had overtaken both Merthyr Tydfil and Swansea and was now the largest city in Wales

In the 1880s, a competing landing port was established in nearby Barry, and in a few decades, Barry had overtaken Cardiff with respect to the amount of discharged coal However, Cardiff was still home to the coal exchange where England's coal prices were set, and this resulted in a lot of companies and trade Thus, the coal still enriched the city By now, ironworks had sprouted up making the city a typical industrial city

King Edward VII bestowed city rights upon Cardiff in 1905 This became an important reason for placing many of the national institutions here in the following decades; e.g The National Museum

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The 20th century saw an industrial decline for the

traditional industries and thus the sources of income

The discharge of coal drastically decreased in the

inter-war period due to a lack of demand for the coal,

which had been the backbone of the Welsh economy

During the Second World War, bombs ruined, among

other things, the cathedral in Llandaff and the industry

suffered from increasingly difficult conditions In the

midst of all this, Cardiff was appointed the capital of

Welsh in 1955, which caused a certain development of

the administrative institutions and organs One

example is the British organ, The Welsh Office, which

was located here in 1964 It was the forerunner of the

administration that the Welsh National Assembly has

managed since 1999

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s a lot of the city's large-scale industry, such as the steelworks, closed down In spite of the hard times, the population grew in the 1990s and a large new development took place The largest stadium in Great Britain at the time, Millennium Stadium, was founded, and the sad industrial- and dock area at Cardiff Bay was redeveloped

It created a new aspect of Cardiff, which suddenly acquired several cultural institutions and a nice area for outdoor living, which is enjoyed by both tourists and locals

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Millennium Stadium is Wales' national stadium and is

used for the country's rugby home matches and most

of the football matches The large stadium opened in

1999 and seats 74,500 spectators At its opening, it

was the largest stadium in Great Britain The

dimensions are impressive and the stadium is without

doubt one of the most striking buildings in Cardiff

The four corner towers reach a height of 90 metres

2 Central Market/Marchnad Ganolog Caerdydd

Trinity Street/St Mary Street www.cardiff-market.co.uk Station: Central

Central Market is a Victorian style market building The present building was established in 1891, but

a food market has existed here since the 1700s

The clock inside is a H Samuel clock donated by the jeweller's by the same name just outside the building

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Station: Queen Street/Central

St David's Hall is a concert and conference hall in

central Cardiff The place often functions as a kind

of national stage for big events in Wales Different

concerts are held here, famous artists drop by, and

the Cardiff Singer of the World competition is held

in St David's Hall every other year

The complex opened in 1982 after a challenging

construction trying to make room for 2,000 seats

and all facilities in an area which in reality could not

accommodate a large new building But it was

accomplished by building both besides and above

the adjacent St David's shopping centre

4 New Theatre/Y Theatr Newydd

Park Place www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk Station: Queen Street/Central

The New Theatre is one of the leading theatres

in Cardiff, and before the opening of the Wales Millennium Centre, the theatre was home to the Welsh National Opera The preliminary rounds

of the Cardiff Singer of the World competition are held in the New Theatre, which has more than 1,100 seats

5 Cardiff Castle/Castell Caerdydd

Castle Street www.cardiffcastle.com Station: Queen Street/Central

The old medieval Cardiff Castle, which is built

on the site of the old Roman fort from the year

75, lies in the centre of Cardiff

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At the end of the 11th century, the Normans built a castle tower A part of this; The Norman Keep, can still be seen as is stands surrounded by a moat in the northern part of the castle area In the many

following centuries, the castle was gradually extended and often changed owners In the latter half of the 18th century, John Stuart, the third Earl

of Bute, bought the place, and the Stuart family later established the majority of the castle area which is open to the public today

In the years 1869-1881, the third marquis of Bute, the architect William Burges, heavily extended Cardiff Castle Primarily, the style is an imaginative version of a traditional medieval fort

Several more towers were erected; especially the Clock Tower, and the image of the city suddenly became medieval Inside, the rooms and halls of the castle are also beautifully decorated with inspiration from the past centuries For instance, there is a bachelor flat in the Clock Tower with the beautiful Summer Smoking Room One of the other notable rooms is Banqueting Hall, which displays the history of Cardiff Castle

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6 Bute Park

Castle Street

Station: Queen Street/Central

Bute Park is a large, green area along the River Taff to Cardiff's town centre Along the park, facing Castle Street, you can see the Animal Wall, designed by William Burges in 1862 However, the wall with the many animal portraits was not built until 1890, and was at that time placed south of Cardiff Castle It was moved in connection with the extension of Castle Street in 1925

In the park, there are great open lawns and small, cosy areas, and you can also see the stone circle Gorsedd

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Cathay Park is an area in Cardiff, which covers the

green area Alexandra Gardens and the surrounding

houses The imposing features of the primarily

Edwardian style houses make it one of the grandest

public building complexes from 20th century Cardiff

The central park, Alexandra Gardens, is named after

the Danish princess Alexandra who became the

Queen of England and Empress of India as a result

of her marriage to the English King Edward VII In

the park, you can see the Welsh National War

Memorial, a memorial from 1928, erected in

memory of the casualties of the First World War

The fallen of the subsequent wars have later been

honoured with plaques or other monuments

A land purchase in 1898 provided the background

for Cathays Park The Bute family sold the area

where the first marquis of Bute had had his mansion

in the years 1812-1825

8 Crown Court

King Edward VII Avenue Station: Cathays

The two towered building, Crown Court, is part

of Cathays Park, and is today home to a number

of Welsh courts

9 City Hall/Neuadd y Ddinas

Gorsedd Gardens Road www.cardiffcityhall.com Station: Cathays

The castlelike building City Hall is Cardiff's town hall It opened in 1904 and the style is inspired

by the renaissance The city hall is built in stones from the island of Portland in Dorset at the English south coast, and is the city's fifth city hall

Inside the city hall, you can see a number of marble statues of famous persons from Wales' history One of them is of Llywelyn Ein Olaf (Llewelyn II), who was the last reigning Prince of Wales By one of the main stairs, is a memorial for Captain Robert Scott and his crew, which went on a fatal Antarctic expedition in 1910

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The beautifully ornamented city hall tower measures

59 metres, and is one of Cardiff's most famous

The National Museum is both a museum and national gallery, and both departments are worth a visit The beautiful museum building is from 1912, and opened gradually in the period 1927-1932 after a halt on building due to the First World War

In the National Museum Cardiff, you can experience a fine exhibition about the development of Wales in fields such as archaeology, geology, and art In the actual gallery, there are several collections e.g Dutch art from 1500-1700 and 19th century French artists

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Cardiff University was founded in 1883 as

University College of South Wales &

Monmouthshire Since 2004, the name has been

Cardiff University

The university is housed in several houses around

Alexandra Gardens; most impressive is the main

building along Museum Avenue The architect, John

Caroe, was inspired by both Cambridge and Oxford

The foundation stone was laid in 1905 The building

opened in several stages, the first in 1909, and the

side wings in the 1960s

12 Crown Building/Adeilad y Goron

College Road http://new.wales.gov.uk Station: Cathays

Crown Building is the headquarters of the Welsh government The role of the government was handled by the so-called Welsh Office, which was, in fact, the Welsh post of the British Government, until 1999 The establishment of the Parliament and government happened as a result of a referendum two years earlier

Crown Building consists of two parts; Cathays Park 1 and 2 Cathays Park 1 is the oldest building and faces Alexandra Gardens Here, Wales' Prime Minister and head of government, resides along with a number of top officials, while the modern concrete building, Cathays Park 2, houses the majority of the government officials

13 Temple of Peace/Y Deml Heddwch

King Edward VII Avenue Station: Cathays

Temple of Peace is, in spite of its name, not a religious house, but a public building adapted to temple style, which houses various organisation

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14 Glamorgan Building

King Edward VII Avenue

Station: Cathays

Glamorgan Building opened in 1910 as the office of

the administrative unit Glamorgan County It now

houses parts of the university's faculties

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Trip 3: Cardiff

15 Cardiff Bay/Bae Caerdydd

Station: Cardiff Bay

The Cardiff Bay area is located south of the Cardiff

centre by the fresh water lake, which forms a sort of

inner harbour in Cardiff Bay Cardiff Bay was where

the large docks of the city were located, but after

having established the dam, Cardiff Bay Barrage, in

the 1990s, the new inner lake was formed The

purpose of the dam was to create the framework for

a city development, which was able to create

recreational conditions for the citizens and the many

visiting tourists

16 Wales Millennium Centre/Canolfan Mileniwm Cymru

Bute Place www.wmc.org.uk Station: Cardiff Bay

Cardiff Millennium Centre, one of Wales' centres for acting, opened in 2004 It houses ballet, dance, comedies, musicals, and opera There are several auditoriums in the centre; the largest has almost 1,900 seats

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The purpose of the architecture was to be

immediately recognizable as an icon, and to be a

symbol of what is Welsh Thus, the chosen materials

are large amounts of slate, wood, glass, and metal, all

of which come from the country There is an

inscription above the front of the building which

reads "Creu Gwir fel gwydr o ffwrnais/In these

stones horizons sing;" lines written by the Welsh

poet, Gwyneth Lewis The letters are windows, and

create a spectacular sight when illuminated at night

17 Pierhead Building

Bute Place

www.wales.gov.uk

Station: Cardiff Bay

The Pierhead Building, one of the city's most famous

silhouettes of the industrial era, is located in the

centre of Cardiff Bay Pierhead Building opened in

1897 as the headquarters of the Bute Dock Company,

whose former residence had burned down in 1892

With the opening, Bute Dock Company changed its

name to Cardiff Railway Company On the building,

the motto "wrth ddwr a than" (with fire and water is

inscribed It symbolises the force that Wales' industry

used to develop the country

Pier Building is brilliantly decorated with terracotta

and several styles are used in the ostentatious

decoration, which is echoed on the tower

In 1947, the building became the seat of Cardiff's

port authorities, but today it serves as a part of the

Welsh National Assembly

18 The Senedd/Y Senedd

Bute Place www.wales.gov.uk Station: Cardiff Bay

The Senedd is the seat of the Welsh National Assembly The building is untraditionally built in glass, but the architect made this choice to signal transparency for the people The heart of the building, which is closed for visitors, is the circular hall Siambr where the National Assembly meets

Queen Elizabeth II opened the Senedd in 2006

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19 Norwegian Church/

Yr Eglwys Norwyaidd

Harbour Drive www.norwegianchurchcardiff.com Station: Cardiff Bay

The Norwegian Church is beautifully located in the outer Cardiff Bay The Norwegian Seaman’s Church, a part of the Norwegian national church, built the church in 1868, as a church for the Norwegian sea men and the Norwegian citizens

of Cardiff At this time, the Norwegian merchant navy was the world's third largest, and Cardiff was used as one of the junctions Today, an art centre is established in the idyllic church building

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In spite of its location outside the centre of Cardiff, the cathedral of the suburb Llandaff functions as the area's most significant Anglican church building As a cathedral, it is the

Episcopal residence of the bishop of Llandaff

There are remains of Christan Celtic religiousness from the 500s at the spot, and the first actual church was presumably built here in the year 560 When the Normans arrived, they installed the first bishop in 1107, and in 1120, the building of the cathedral began The building was finished in 1290 During the English Civil War in the mid 17th century, the church was damaged, and in the beginning of the 18th century, the tower came close to collapsing

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Tiêu đề	A Visit to Cardiff
Tác giả	Stig Albeck, Ventus Publishing ApS
Trường học	Unknown
Thể loại	Essay
Năm xuất bản	2010
Thành phố	Cardiff

Định dạng
Số trang	39
Dung lượng	4,11 MB