Travel to Helsinki ppt

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com Helsinki5 A visit to Helsinki The center of Finland’s capital city is beautifully located with water on three sides.. Download free ebooks at bookb

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Helsinki

Translation: Frances østerfelt

All rights and copyright relating to the content of this

book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its

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Ventus Publishing ApS.

Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,

in relation to reviews are allowed.

ISBN 978-87-7061-268-5

1st edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according

to agreement with the following copyright owners:

Tallinn City Tourist Office & Convention Bureau, Porvoo Tourist

Council, Finland Tourist Council and City of Helsinki Picture

Bank (Matti Tirri and Mika Lappalainen).

The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may

have be subject to change after this book was published.

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5

A visit to Helsinki

The center of Finland’s capital city is beautifully

located with water on three sides Short distances

between attractions, beautiful experiences in nature

and the famous Finnish architecture are some of the

city’s highlights

Exciting, too, are the approximately one million Finns that live in or around Helsinki The city is relatively young and full of life

Happy holiday!

A visit to Helsinki

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Historical outline

Helsinki was the sixth city in Finland, founded in

1550 by the Swedish king Gustav Vasa Its name in

Swedish is Helsingfors

Gustav Vasa wanted to establish a competitor to the

Hansa Union’s thriving trading center, Tallinn, on

the other side of the Gulf of Finland By royal

decree, trading was begun in the city

However, for centuries after the decree, Helsingfors

remained a withdrawn city whose trade could not

compete with Tallinn

When in 1703 its eastern neighbor, Russia, under

Peter the Great, laid out his new and extravagant

capital, St Petersburg, the Swedes began fortifying

Helsingfors It was in the 1700’s, first in 1713-1721

and latest in 1742, that the Russians invaded the city

Because of Napoleon, Sweden went to war with

Russia in 1808 That same year, the great fortress

Sveaborg (now called Suomenlinna), built in

1748-1772 at the mouth of the waterway to the city, was

conquered by the tsar’s army

In 1809 Russia gained control over Finland The tsar

in St Petersburg wanted a Finnish capital that was

closer than Åbo/Turku Helsingfors was chosen

because of the Sveaborg fortress It became the

official capital of the Finns; and became the czar’s

city in 1812 – re-named Helsinki

In 1808 a fire destroyed a larger part of the city

Helsinki had to be rebuilt; and as it was the new

capital, it was possible to design a magnificent center,

worthy of this status

The German architect, Carl Ludwig Engel, together

with the local architect Johan Albrecht Ehrenström

had the primary responsibility for this grand project

They planned and designed the center of the capital

in monumental Empire style One of the highlights

was the cathedral, which was completed in 1852 In connection with the reconstruction of Helsinki, two institutions were moved from the old to the new capital In 1812 the Finnish university – founded in

1840 – was moved from Åbo/Turku to Helsinki

Helsinki became the garrison city for the imperial Russian army

The 19th and 20th centuries saw great growth in Helsinki Railway connections were built to Hämeenlinna in 1862 and to St Petersburg in 1870 These and other transportation facilities were decisive in strengthening the city’s role as an economic and industrial power center

As the economy thrived, so did culture and at the head of the renaissance of Finnish art was the world famous composer Jean Sibelius

It was also at this time that the first Finnish opera was born, in 1852

Growth created a good economic situation for the city, which can be seen in the beautiful national romantic buildings and art nouveau neighborhoods

Around the start of the 20th century, the population of the city was 100,000

The communist October Revolution in Russia in

1917 made it possible for Finland to declare its independence After a brief period of civil war, where Finland’s government was forced to flee Helsinki, the city became the capital of an independent Finland in 1918, thanks to the victory

of governmental forces led by General Mannerheim

Helsinki continued to grow in the 1920’s-’30’s The period is characterized by the numerous buildings

in the classical and functional styles and crowned by the monumental constructions for the Olympic Games in 1940 The games, however, were postponed because of the Second World War

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Helsinki

7

During the Second World War, Helsinki was under

bombardment; but its growth quickly resumed after

the war’s end

In 1952 the city was host to the Summer Olympics;

and since then, Helsinki has been a great

international congress and conference city

Through the 1960’s-80’s, many suburbs have grown

up around Helsinki in tact with movement of the population from rural districts to the city It was in this period that Alvar Aalto was very productive

Helsinki is still one of the most rapidly growing capitals in Europe, with a very active cultural life

Historical outline

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3 Trinity Church/ Pyhan

Kolminaisuuden kirkko

Unioninkatu 31

The church was constructed in 1825-1827 as the first

Orthodox Church in Finland The architect was Carl

Engel, who besides building this neoclassical church

also built the Senate Square

4 Snellman Plaza/Snellmanninkatu

Snellmanninkatu

The plaza is named after Snellman, one of the major

political leaders in the national movement of the

19th century A statue of him stands in front of

Finland’s National Bank, built in 1876-1883 as a

renaissance palace

5 Uspenski Cathedral/

Uspenskin katedraali

Kanavakatu 1

The Russian cathedral, inspired by a 16th century

church near Moscow, was built in the Russian

Byzantine style in 1862-1868 Uspenski has 13 gilded

onion domes and is fitted in the beautiful and richly

ornate traditional Russian style

6 The Presidential Palace/

Presidentinlinna

Pohjoisesplanadi 1

The palace was constructed in 1820 as the home of the merchant J.H Heidenstrauch It was later bought by the Russians as the Czar’s residence during his stay in Helsinki

In 1921, after Finland’s independence, the building was refurbished for the Finnish president, but is now used for representative functions The president lives elsewhere

Salu Square’s western part is adorned by a fountain,

Havis Amanda, the symbol of Helsinki

8 Town Hall/Kaupungintalo

Pohjoisesplanadi

Helsinki’s Town Hall was built in 1833 as Hotel Seurahuone This large hotel had a ballroom, banquet hall and 27 actual hotel rooms, making it suitable for many different functions The first Finnish opera was performed here in 1852; and the brothers Lumièr had their first film screening here

in 1896

Tour 1: Helsinki

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The City Council purchased the hotel in 1901, but its

function as a hotel continued until 1913, when

remodeling as the Town Hall was begun In

1965-1970 the building underwent major renovation; and

now only the facade and banquet hall are original

9 Observatory/Tähtitieteen laitos

Tähtitorninmäki

Finland’s first observatory was in Åbo at the

university After the great fire that destroyed Åbo in

1827, Czar Nicholas I ordered the institutions

moved to Helsinki, where the neoclassical

observatory stood complete in 1834 as one of the

most modern

10 Mannerheim Museum/

Mannerheim Museo

Kalliolinnantie 14

Finland's marshal, Baron C.G Mannerheim, lived

here from 1924 to 1951 The museum displays

Mannerheim’s history and through it a part of

Finland’s more recent history as well

Mannerheim was trained for the military in St

Petersburg, served 30 years in the Russian army, led

Finland through its civil war in 1918, was

Commander-in-Chief during the Second World War

and finally the country’s president from 1944 to

1946

11 Museum of Design/Designmuseo

Korkeavuorenkatu 23

The museum, which is housed in the building from

1894, displays Finnish design from 1870 to the

present Shifting exhibits put it in an international

perspective

12 Finland’s Museum of Architecture/

Suomen Raken-nustaiteen Museo

Kasarmikatu 24

Here are permanent exhibits of Finnish architecture

as well as alternating exhibits of Finnish and

international architecture The museum is housed in

The statue of the Finnish poet laureate, J.L

Runeberg, is placed centrally

14 The Swedish Theater

Pohjoisesplanadi 2

Helsinki’s Swedish language theater was built in

1866 to replace the earlier theater from 1827

It was here at the theater that the famous composer Jean Sibelius’ symphony ”Finlandia” had its world premiere in 1899 with Sibelius himself conducting

15 Ateneum

Kaivokatu 2

The Atheneum is Finland’s Art Museum, contains the country’s largest art collection, including a particularly representative collection of Finnish art from the mid-18th century to the mid-20th century

The museum also has a section for international art, where various works from the 19th and 20th centuries are on display

The museum building was built in 1887

16 Finland’s National Theater/

Kansallisteatteri

Läntinen Teatterikuja 1

The Finnish language national theater was built in

1902 in the national romantic style, inspired by the opera house in Vienna

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Helsinki

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Tour 1: Helsinki

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Tour 2: Helsinki

17 The Central Station

Rautatientori

Helsinki’s famous central railway station was built by

Eliel Saarinen in 1916 It was inspired by the

Germanic building style and the monumental

constructions of Egypt of the Pharaohs

18 Museum for Modern Art/

Nykytaiteen Meseo Kiasma

Mannerheiminaukio 2

Kiasma is the name of the museum housed in the

exciting building by the American Steven Holl from

The style is Nordic classical Statues of Finnish presidents stand in front of the monumental columns outside Inside, furniture and lighting, designed by the architect, vary from room to room

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Aurora Karamzin lived here until her death in 1902

The city council later moved part of the Helsinki

City Museum to the villa

22 Finlandia House/Finlandia-Talo

Mannerheimintie 13e

The famous Finnish architect, Alvar Aalto, built the

Finlandia House in 1967-1971, with the addition of

the congress wing in 1973-1975

Alvar Aalto’s masterpiece was created in Carrera

marble, which he’d envisioned would bring

Mediterranean architecture to Finland

23 National Museum/

Suomen Kansallismuseo

Mannerheimintie 34

Finland’s National Museum was built in 1905-1910

in the national romantic style by the architects

Gesellius, Lindgren and Saarinen

The museum’s exhibits show Finland from

prehistory to the present The frescoes in the main

hall show parts of the country’s history

The church’s walls are walls of the cliff; and the natural light inside the church comes from the 180 windows between the walls and the huge dome The church has fantastic acoustics and is often used for concerts

25 Mannerheim’s Grave Monument/ Hietaniemen Sankarihautausmaalle

In the Hietaniemi Cemetery lies Baron Mannerheim buried among heroes The view from here across the archipelago is thrilling

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27 The Opera/Kansallisooppera

Helsinginkatu 58

Finnish opera was born in 1852 with the first

performance in Hotel Seurahuone, which is now the

city’s town hall

The Finnish national opera was founded in 1911, and after being housed elsewhere, the present modern opera house was built in 1986-1993 by the Finnish architects Hyvämäki, Karhunen and Parkkinen

The repertoire is Finnish and international There are guided tours of the opera house which give the visitor an impression of both the house’s

architecture and its function

28 The Olympic Stadium/

Olympiastadion

Sports have always been strong in Finland: and after the Finnish success at the first Olympic Games under their own flag in 1920, the dream of getting the games to Helsinki arose

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In 1934 construction of the Olympic Stadium was

started by the Finnish architects Yrjö Lindegen and

Toivo Jäntti The stadium was completed in 1938,

ready for Helsinki’s role as host to the Olympic

Games in 1940 But because of the Second World

War, the games in the Finnish capital were

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Day Tours from Helsinki

29 Suomenlinna/Sveaborg

5 km SE

Suomenlinna is one of the world’s largest maritime

fortresses It lies on 6 of the outer islands off

Helsinki’s coast, and can be reached by boat from

Salutorvet

Sweden lost all its eastern fortresses to Russia in the

Great Nordic War in the beginning of the 18th

century, hence the need for the construction of

Sveaborg

Construction for the defense of Helsinki was started

under the direction of Augustin Ehrensvärd in 1748

and completed in 1772

Although the sea fortress was difficult to conquer,

the Finns were forced to surrender to the Russians

in 1808; and with the treaty of Hamina a year later,

Finland and thereby Sveaborg came under Russian

rule

The Russians promptly expanded Sveaborg with

barracks, a hospital and church The mighty garrison

with 13,000 men was instrumental in making

Helsinki the country’s capital city in 1812

In 1855, during the Crimean War, the fort came

under British/French attack

Prior to the outbreak of the First World War, Sveaborg was expanded in order to defend the Tsar’s city of St Petersburg

After Finnish independence, the fort was re-named

Suomenlinna (Finland’s Fort) and was initially used as

a prison, where approximately 8,500 prisoners from the Finnish civil war were incarcerated

Suomenlinna became a military installation after the war, in 1919, and was active until 1973

During the Second World War, the fort came under

a few attacks but its military role was already waning Tourists came to the area after the war; and in 1952

it was the site for Olympic sailing

Today there are several museums, including Sveaborg Museum which tells the history of the fort

30 Seurasaari Open Air Museum (Seurasaaren ulkomuseo )

Seurasaaren, 8 km W

At Finland’s Open Air Museum you can see a good collection of houses and other building from all over Finland

There are more than 100 buildings that cover the period from the 18th century until the present

Guides are dressed in Finnish national costumes, giving an added flavor to the place

31 Porvoo/Borgå

50 km E

Porvoo is a well-preserved medieval town whose

occupation began in the 13th century Early on in its history, it was granted trading rights Porvoo is best known for its old town with its many wooden houses; but there are also other attractions

The city’s Swedish name Borgå originates from the early stronghold built on the spot Its position near the river and sea contributed to its enormous

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