Tài liệu Travel to Bergen ppt

Download free ebooks at bookboon.com5 A visit to Bergen Bergen is placed in one of Norway’s most beautiful lush natural areas in the west country.. Download free ebooks at bookboon.com

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Download free ebooks at bookboon.com

Translation: Frances østerfelt

All rights and copyright relating to the content of this

book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its

suppliers Content from ths book, may not be reproduced

in any shape or form without prior written permission from

Ventus Publishing ApS.

Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,

in relation to reviews are allowed.

ISBN 978-87-7061-266-1

1st edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according

to agreement with the following copyright owners

Stig Albeck.

The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may

have be subject to change after this book was published.

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5

A visit to Bergen

Bergen is placed in one of Norway’s most beautiful

lush natural areas in the west country The city is the

midpoint of the entire fjord area, stretching along

Norway’s coast, with Sognefjord and Hardangerfjord as

the longest

Bergen’s 225.000 residents live in the old historical town which was once Norway’s capital Until the railway opened in 1909 and more recently when highways were built, the residents were isolated, with waterways being the primary mode of transportation

It is also from here that the famous Hurtigruten (fast route) to Nordkapp and Kirkenes originates

Happy holiday!

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Historical outline

Bergen is one of the oldest cities in the north and its

history is closely related to its location near the sea

The city has existed since 1070 when King Olav

Kyrre granted Bergen its city charter At that time it

was a small settlement by the harbour but quickly

evolved into the city of residence for visiting Nordic

regents

In 1233 Håkon Håkonsson’s right to the Norwegian

throne confirmed in Bergen by a great assembly of

the country’s leaders and in 1240 the city was

officially declared Norway’s capital instead of

Trondhjem

King Håkon Håkonsson resided in Bergen with his

entire court He was a popular king and his long

reign was marked by peace

Håkon’s son Magnus married the Danish princess

Ingeborg in 1261 and was proclaimed the new king

on the same day This happened in Håkonshallen

which can be seen at the fortress of Bergenhus.

As early as 1236 permanent German trade

connections were established in Bergen – something

which was to affect developments in coming

centuries

The Hanseatic League was founded in Bergen and is

first mentioned in 1343 Once commercial privileges

were granted by the Danish kings, German

merchants quickly gained control of most of the

city’s trade

The Middle Ages brought with it the Black Death,

and Norway was heavily hit Almost one half of the

population succumbed and for the next 400 years

the country was ruled from Denmark, although the

latest years from Sweden

In 1380 the kingdoms of Norway and Denmark

were united under the Danish crown

Bergen’s regional role was still unique and continued to develop People from the northern territories had to obtain royal permission to sell their fish in the city’s markets The German

merchants established their markets at Tyskerbryggen (now called just Bryggen) and the area behind it

The power of the Hanseatic League was broken in

1599 by the feudal ruler Kristoffer Walckendorf In the years to follow, the League maintained their contacts and was a significant trade factor, but around 1630 its influence declined The last German trading house was sold to Norwegians in

1764

Bergen’s role as a trading centre was not over with the demise of the German traders Norwegian merchants took over; and particularly the old social elite established great trading houses in the

centuries to follow

1702 was the year of one of Bergen’s many great fires A great portion of the city was lost in the flames

The 19th century saw great cultural growth in Bergen Some of the great artists of the time, among them Ole Bull and Edvard Grieg, lived and worked in the region Norwegian theatre was established and the first public library was opened The city’s population exploded during this prosperous period, from 17.000 in 1855 to 103.000

in 1920

In 1905 Norway won its independence and railway tracks were laid to Bergen, integrating the coastal city with the capital of Oslo in a totally new way

In 1916 there again was a great fire in Bergen This time more than 400 houses were destroyed, making more than 4,000 of the city’s residents homeless

Life in Bergen has always been revolved around fishing from the waters just outside the city and along the entire Norwegian coast

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In the last half of the 20th century increased offshore

drilling and finding of oil in the Norwegian marine

underground has resulted in a significant economic

upswing that has had a positive affect on welfare,

industry and trade

Today, Bergen is still the centre of Norway’s oil industry, shipping and fishing but the city has also evolved into a power center for oceanographic research and environmental studies

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A canon ball is embedded in the wall of the tower, from a battle in 1665 in Bergen’s harbour between British and Dutch ships

2 Church of the Cross (Korskirken)

Kong Oscars gate 22

Like the cathedral, the Church of the Cross has survived since the Middle Ages; but the present church building is built primarily in Renaissance style in the 17th century

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3 Floybanen

Vetrlidsalmenning 21

Floybanen is Scandinavia’s only funicular (cable car)

It departs from the centre of Bergen and ascends

Floy Mountain to a height of 320 meters

The funicular was opened in 1918 after more than 3

years’ construction It is 844 meters long with an

ascent of 15-26 degrees The present cars are from

2002

The ride lasts 8 minutes with an exquisitely beautiful

view over Bergen’s centre and much of the

surrounding sea and mountains

4 Hanseatic Museum

Finnegårdsgaten 1a

The Hanseatic Museum is located in one best

preserved buildings in Bergen The house was built

in 1704 as office and residence for a German

merchant

From 1350 until1750 it was German merchants who

sold dried fish from Bergen’s trading houses The

house’s original interior is on display in the museum

and gives a good impression of the Hansa

merchant’s daily life

5 The Fish Market/Fisketorvet

Torget

Since 1276 fishing trade in Bergen has been regulated and located at centrally placed squares

Since 1558 the market has been located at Vågen, as

many fish from local cutters were landed here For centuries fish was the primary product sold

Today, the Fish Market is one of Norway’s most exciting outdoor markets, where you can buy fruit, flowers, souvenirs and of course a wide variety of fish, for which the city is famous

In the centre of the square is the Minebøssen, a sea

mine on a pedestal with a bronze relief created by the artist Sofus Madsen from Bergen in

commemoration of the seamen who lost their lives

in World War I

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6 Bryggen

Bergen’s famous wharf comprises several old

wooden trading houses from 1702 in the style of

northern Germany, whose gables face Vågen.

Bryggens promenade is especially charming, with

many shops and restaurants as well as other activities

7 Schootstuerne

Øvregaten 50

Near the port are several Hansa gathering houses

which were used for various purposes, such as

teaching, court trials and feasts

The Schootstuerne, open to the public, are in part

original and in part reconstructed, which together

with the Hanseatic Museum provides an interesting

picture of the life and society of the German

Since 1248 the church has survived the city’s many fires Even the towers are original, though repaired

in 1248 Maria Church was owned by the Hanseatic merchants from 1408 to 1766 and up to 1906 services were held entirely in German

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reconstructed in Bryggen Museum

The museum was founded in 1955, after the last fire which devastated Bryggen Many archaeological excavations were made in the period 1955-1972; and many different types of finds can be seen here

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11 Norway’s Fishing Museum

Bontelabo 2

In Bergen’s national fishing museum, exhibits deal

with exploitation of marine resources and the history

of Norwegian fishing through the ages

The museum shows the natural basis for fishing, fishing administration, historical fishing equipment

as well as various ship models There is also a review of the processes involved in the production

of dried fish as well as the many different species of fish

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Tour 2: Bergen

12 Bergen Art Museum/

Bergen Kunstmuseum

Rasmus Meyers Allé 3

Bergen’s Art Museum is one of Norway’s largest

museums, exhibiting art from the 15th century to

today The museum is located in three separate

buildings

13 The Power Company/Lysverket

In what was once an office building one can stroll

through art history from Russian icons of the 15th

century to the Renaissance, Baroque and

Neoclassical masters up to contemporary art

There is a fine exhibit from the Norwegian Golden

Age (1840- 1900, including a special exhibit of works

by J.C Dahl

There is also a section with Norwegian and foreign

art from the 20th century, and in the magnificent

tower building you’ll find art from the last 20 years

The museum building was constructed in 1938 for

Bergen’s power company (Lysverker) in rigid

neoclassical style with elements of art Deco and

functionalism

14 Rasmus Meyer Collections

The business man Rasmus Meyer collected in the first half of the 20th century paintings by relatively unknown artists who later became famous

The collection includes some of the finest works by Edvard Munch found outside of Oslo, paintings by J.C Dahl, Adolph Tidemand and others

The museum’s interior is very interesting with the varied styles in the many rooms The building was designed by Ole Landmark and built in 1924

15 Stenersens Collection

This part of the museum displays modern art from the 20th century and has among other works Northern Europe’s largest collection of Paul Klee

as well as many well-known works by Picasso The collection also provides a good insight into modern Norwegian art

The museum was founded after Rolf Stenersen’s donation of his art collection to Bergen Kommune

in 1971 The museum opened in 1978 The building’s most characteristic feature is the variation between closed and open spaces which open on to beautiful natural surroundings

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16 Grieg Hall

Edvard Grieg Plass 1

The hall, named after fellow townsman Edvard

Grieg, was constructed in 1978 and houses Bergen’s

philharmonic orchestra

17 Assembly Square/Festpladsen

The square is Bergen’s very beautifully arranged

central square, and a good starting point for a stroll

around the octagonal lake Lille Lungegårdvann, lying at

the foot of Bergen Art Museum’s buildings The square is also a wonderful place for enjoying Bergen’s surrounding mountains with the many colourful houses

18 Vestland Museum of Applied Arts/ Vestlandske Kunstindustrimuseum

Nordahl Brunsgate 9

The museum is considered to be one of Norway’s best and houses large collections of Norwegian, European and Chinese ethnic works

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Here you can see old silver from Bergen, Ole Bull’s

famous violin, constructed in 1562 by the Italian

master Saló, and one of Europe’s greatest collections

of Buddhist sculptures in marble

The Chinese works include silk robes, porcelain, jade,

textiles and paintings

19 St Paul’s Church

Nygårdsgaten 3

St Paul’s Church is the church of the Catholic

congregation, constructed in the years 1864-1876 by

the Italian architect Mella The church’s interior is

worth a visit

20 Bergen Museum

On the Bergen University campus there are two

museums; the Natural Historical Museum and the

Cultural Historical Museum

20a Museum of Natural History

Muséplass 3

The museum houses various collections The

Zoological Department is an adventure in a lost

world with its many older animal specimens But

there are also modern theme exhibitions

In the Geological Department there is a particularly

fine collection of minerals – interesting – but be sure

to see the exhibit on the development of man

The Botanical Garden is also a part of the museum and is particularly beautiful in the spring

20b Museum of Cultural History Haakon Sheteligsplass 10

The Museum of Cultural History houses collections

of Norwegian culture and folk art; also alternating exhibits about other folk and their cultures

The archaeological collections primarily contain finds from western Norway; and cover 10,000 years

of history

The Viking exhibit is special and shows a rich society with artefacts from dwellings, graves and treasure There are reconstructions of dwellings in the region from the period

The museum also houses sacred art, theme exhibits

on such topics as the author Henrik Ibsen, as well

as an anthropological collection which has been expanded since the museum’s founding in 1825

21 Bergen’s Maritime Museum/

Bergens Sjøfartsmuseum

Haakon Sheteligsplass 15

In the period 1850-1880, Norway established one

of the world’s greatest merchant marines – and thereby a position that the country still occupies Due to its location, Bergen has always grown with the sea; so it was natural to create a maritime museum, which opened in 1927

The present museum was built in 1962 and works scientifically to document Norway’s naval history

The excellent exhibit demonstrates maritime development from its start and up to modern transportation It is possible to see models of Viking ships found in the excavations of 1960-1970’s and other objects of maritime historical value from past centuries

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22 The National Theater/

Den Nationale Scene

Engen 20

Bergen’s National Theater was founded in 1850 by

Ole Bull It was closed for economic reasons in 1863;

but in the following decades there was a wish to

build a new theater In 1906, King Haakon laid the

cornerstone for the present theater, which opened in

1909

23 Nordnes

Take a walk in the cosy Nordnes district with its

cobbled streets and old wooden houses The area with its steep sloping streets on either side of

Haugeveien/Klostergaten is especially worth a visit

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Day Tours from Bergen

24 Old Bergen

Nyhavnsveien 4, 5 km N

The Open Air Museum of Old Bergen (Frilandsmuseet

Gamle Bergen) contains more than 40 wooden houses

representing Bergen from the 18th and 19th

centuries The houses are furnished in the style of

the period.

Old Bergen provides a fantastic impression of life

in a small town, its residences, stores, workshops, etc

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Damsgård was built in the 1770’s by the general

customs officer J.C.G Gyldenkrantz Today it is one

of Europe’s best preserved buildings from the 18th

century

The manor was drawn as a miniature European

castle and was the setting for many extravagant balls

after its purchase by Bergen’s wealthiest merchant

H.D Janson in 1797

Damsgård was purchased by the state and the city of

Bergen from the Janson family in 1983 to maintain

the manor as a cultural monument; a thorough

renovation was started and lasted until 1993

Damsgård Manor is entirely fitted with the original

furniture, artefacts and tapestries, and provides a

good impression of life here in the 18th – 19th

centuries

The garden has been returned to its original state

from 1780 with fountains, statues and strict

boxwood divisions

26 Fantoft Stave Church

Paradis, 10 km S)

The beautiful and typical Norwegian stave church in

Fantoft originates from the 12th century, when it

was built in Fortun at the Sognefjorden

It was dissembled in 1879 and sold to Consul F

Gade, who re-assembled it in Fantoft in 1884

In 1992 the church burned to the ground but was re-built in the original style

Outside the church is a cross from around 1000

AD, which prior to church construction served as a point of religious gathering

27 Grieg Museum Troldhaugen

Edvard Grieg was very conscious of the house’s interior and gives an impression of the inspiration with which he composed his music

In the memorial room, once the kitchen, is an exhibit with emphasis on Grieg’s relation to Norway’s cultural life

The composer’s cabin was built on Edvard Grieg’s request to have more peace and quiet for his work The cabin was built in 1891 and has a lovely view

over the waters of Nordås It was here that Grieg

composed some of his most lyrical works

Nearby is the place where Edvard and Nina Grieg lie buried

Also nearby is a modern exhibit hall which illustrates the composer’s life and music

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28 Lysøen and Ole Bull’s Villa

Lysøen, 25 km S

On the island Lysøen south of Bergen lived the world

renowned Ole Bull, one of the most colorful artists

and composers of the romantic period, and often

appearing on posters side by side with the likes of

Mendelssohn He was a virtuoso equal to Paganini

and put Norway on the world map

In Ole Bull’s artistic circle were notabilities like

Franz Liszt, Edvard Grieg and the writer Henrik

Ibsen In the course of his artistic endeavours, Ole

Bull established Bergen’s first Norwegian theater

His vision of an academy was realized many years

later

From 1872 to 1873, Ole Bull built his fairy tale

castle ”Little Alhambra” on Lys island, with its

onion domes, Moorish inspiration and exotic

interior

Ole Bull transformed Lys island to a great park with walking paths and woods He planted many exotic plants, built tea houses and in other ways made the villa and garden an extraordinary place in Norway

In 1974 willed Ole Bull’s American grandchild ”Little Alhambra” and Lys island to the city of Bergen, which made the place an exciting museum and spot for outings

29 Ulriken

bus fra Torget

Ulriksbanen is a cable car that goes 642 meters high,

from which is a beautiful panorama view of the region The journey can begin with the charming two-decker buses leaving from Torget

30 Hiking toursBergen’s beautiful nature and fresh air invites to hiking

Both Fløibanen and Ulriksbanen lead up to the

starting points for good hiking routes in the mountains around the city You can also walk to both lookout posts

31 Sognefjorden/Flåmsbanen

On a long day trip you can experience Norway’s outstanding fjord landscape by taking the train to

Myrdal, from which Flåmsbanen runs to Flåm deep

in the Sognefjord The journey on Flåmsbanen

through beautiful countryside takes 30 minutes and descends from 1,000 to 0 meters You can return home by boat through the fjord

Tiêu đề	A Visit To Bergen
Tác giả	Stig Albeck
Trường học	Ventus Publishing ApS
Chuyên ngành	Travel
Thể loại	Sách
Năm xuất bản	2008
Thành phố	Bergen

Định dạng
Số trang	39
Dung lượng	3,96 MB