Nghiên cứu, thiét kế, chế tạo máy đo độ nhám tự động

Trong bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy cdc kit qud nghien ciru thiet ke che tao mdy do nhdm kiiu dien cdm vdi todn bg cum ddu do, cdm bien, h?. G i d l THIEU Dac diem ciia may do nham bang dau dd

NGHIEN CUXJ, THIET KE, CHE TAO MAY DO BQ N H A M TIT DQNG

Nguydn Vdn Vinh, Nguy in Thj Phuvng Mai, Nguyen Thj Kim Ciic

Bd mem Ca khi Chfnh xdc ct Quang hge, Vien Ca khi, Trudng Dgi hoc Bdch khoa Hd Ngi

Tdm tdt:

Nhdm be mat Id mgt chi tieu quan trgng di ddnh gid chdt lugmg sdn phdm co khi 0 Vih Nam hien nax chua cd ca sa ndo che tgo vd sdn xudt cdc thiet bi do nhdm be mat Do vay viec chi tgo mdy do nhdm kiiu tiep xuc trong diiu kien kinh te ciia nuoc ta lii?n nay cho phep gidm kinh phf cho ngeinh cdng nghiep ca khi chi tgo khi nhap khau mdy ciia cdc hdng nuoc ngodi vdi chi phf cao Trong bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy cdc kit qud nghien ciru thiet ke che tao mdy do nhdm kiiu dien cdm vdi todn bg cum ddu do, cdm bien, h? thong mach diin dim khiin, kit ndi mdy tfnh nhdm phuc vu quy trinh kiim tra chdt lugmg vd gop phdn hg gid thanh

I

.sdn phdm ca khi

Abstract:

Surface roughness is an important character to estimate mechanical products In

Vietnam, iintU now there is no where can produce and manufacture the Roughness tester

Therefore, manufacturing automatic roughness tester condition in our country now allow to

reduce funding for the manufacturing industry when imported equipment from the other countries with high cost This article presents results in designing and manufacturing the

roughness tester, which has the inductance type sensors with stylus tip, inductance sensors,

control circuit system Connecting computer to computer receive at testing process and lower

cost contributed to engineering products

I G i d l THIEU

Dac diem ciia may do nham bang dau dd tiep xuc

Mdy do nhdm 1dm viec ty dgng dugc thidt kd bao gdm h? thdng co khf chfnh xac kdt hop vdi mach didu khidn ty ddng vd kdt ndi may tfnh Ba khdi chiire nang hop thanh ba bg phan

CO bdn cua thiet bj:

He thdng co khf ddn ddng ddu do vd chuydn ddi do

- Cdc mach dien tir xir ly tfn hieu vd didu khidn qud trinh do bdng may tfnh

- Phdn mdm xir ly sd lieu vd hidn thj, bidu dien thdng sd nhdm

Trong thidt bi do nay, do nhay vd dg chi'nh xdc cdn phai nhd hon pm, do dd viec chuySn ddi do dong vai trd quan trgng nhdt Bg cam bidn hien khdng dugc ban tren thi tnrdng

II CAu TRUC MAY DO

Mnch ngudn tno

tfn hi6u Sin

Diiu do

1

I

PhSn Kii ly tfn hieu

Cam biS'n dien cam

Macli khuech dai & boi dp

Bd phan

Cam bifi'n

do goc

Vi dieu khiSn

06 chuyen

d f i i A D C

12 bil

Hien Ihi

May tfnh

•Xu ly sd' lifiu

• Di^u khii'n do

Mtiy in

Nguyen ly va hoat ddng ciia may do nham dugc md td trdn hinh 1: Dau do tiep xiic vdi chi tiet va djch chuyen ngang dya trdn CO" cau vi'tme dai dc Dugc gan vdi ddng ca dien mdt chieu Djch chuyen thdng dii'ng ciia ddu do qua co cau khuyech dai CO khf (he thdng canh tay ddn), Djch chuyen ciia dau do theo chieu cao nhap nhd bd mat tao ndn su bien ddi khe hd tii' ciia hai cudn cam dugc gdn vi sai trdn cum ddu do (cdm bien dien cdm) Khi khe hd tii' thay ddi, do do hieu dien the giira hai dau hai cudn cam thay ddi Sy sai khdc hieu dien the giira hai cudn cam dugc chuyen qua bd

khuyech dai, sau dd tfn hieu qua bg Igc nhieu dugc chuyen qua mach chuyen ddi ADC 12 bit

vd bg xu ly tfn hieu Cdc tfn hieu ndy sau khi da dugc xu ly se dugc chuyen den mdy tfnh de

tfnh todn va hidn thj ra man hinh thdng qua bd dem I/O Mdy tfnh 1dm nhidm vii didu khien

do vd tfnh todn kdt qua de dua ra dugc cac

0 \ ^

thdng sd nhdm vd ve dd thj bien dang be mat

2.1 Cum dau do

* Miii do Id bd phdn di chuyen tryc tiep tren bd mat vdt do phdt hidn nhirng sai lech

ve chieu cao nhdm vi vay rat chong mdm

dd bi gay vd nen yeu cau cd bdn kinh cong nhd do chju mdi mdn cao do cung virng vd

do bien dang deo Dua tren cdc tieu chudn thidt kd miii do cua Nhat vd thye nghiem thidt bi da chd tao dugc vdi cdc thdng sd nhu hinh 3: vat lieu hgp kim, chieu ddi 1=

50mm miii do cd bdn kfnh = 6pm, gdc dau

do : 60° lue do cua ddu do F=0,08m

Hinh 2 Sff do nguyen ly may do

1

Hinh 3 Anh dau do da che tao duffc

* He thdng khuydch dai ca khf

Ty sd truyin ca chi'nh Id ty sd giira dich chuyIn cua dlu do x va khe hd tir y Yeu cdu tfnh

todn ehidu ddi phdn cdm bien b sao cho ddu do quay dugc 1 gdc 10° ma khdng vudng hai

cudn cdm (Hai cudn cam ban chd gdc quay ciia can do) Theo hinh 3 ta cd mdi quan he giira

bidn thien dich chuydn ciia ddu do va bien thien khe hd cdm bien

147

^1/ , 1

A)' = h.tg a=h-' — = h * -;

c h + d

I

ninh 4 Cum dau do

( I h l

* lie thdng hai cudn ciim mdc vi sai

Cuon diiy loi ferit cd khe bd khdng khf a thay doi, hi bo phan chuyen tfn hieu co khf thanh tin hii'u dii-n Hai cugn day dugc mdc theo kieu vi

sai Qk iridl tidu do phi luyen cua hai cuon

diiy vii lang do phan gidi

Vdi hai cudn cam dugc mac vi sai voi hai bien trd tap thdnh mdt mach cdu Cuon cam dugc chd tao vdi sd vdng n= lOOO vdng vd dudng kfnh day qudn d<i= 0.08

mm

Qua thue nghiem lap tap sd lieu thdng so giua ddu vao la khe hd cam bidn pm va ddu ra hidn thj so qua bd chuyen ddi ADC da lap dugc mdi quan he sau :

' M ' i ,

i'"3&*W f)ion I I I R2 t ) i c i i l i o R I

Hinh 5 So' do cugn cam miic kicu vi sai

O

<

a

<

Q

-500

^ 5 0 0 - 1

't

Hinh 6 Duong dac tuyin thue cua cam bien

Qua bidu do trdn nhan thay dai lugng dau vdo va ddu ra cd do tuydn tfnh kha Idn vadg

nhay cua cam bien cd dnh hudng Idn ddn do Idn ciia dai lugng ddu ra cua cam bidn va do lan cua nhiing bien thien ciia dai lugng do

2.2 Cum dich chuyen

Ket cau co khf da thidt kd gdm cdc bd phdn djch chuydn ngang (dgc theo phuong do) va

bd phan djch chuyen dgc

* Bd phan di chuydn ngang, mang ddu do va cac chi tidt truyen chuydn dgng gdm:

\

,• TSSSsS^s

Hinh 7 Cum ngang djch chuyen dau do

Sdng trugt cd nhiem vu do, dan hudng va

chdng momcn xoay cho bd phan chuydn

!j ddng Do nham bd mat R,,= 0,04 pm

- True vfl me - dai dc truyen chuyen ddng tu dgng CO den cac chi tiet khiic Vdi budc ren p

% = 0,5mm dudng kfnh ren d=5mm chieu dai

djch chuyen tdi da 30mm

- Trong qua trinh do, ydu cdu ddu do chay dm,

dn djnh sii' dung ddng co dien mdt chieu

* Bd phan di chuyen dgc cd nhiem vu di chuyen theo phuang thdng dirng cd ddu do va cum dich chuyen ngang Bd phdn ndy dnh hudng den do dn djnh ciia mdy trong qua trinh didu chinh vd do Day Id mdt co cdu tmc vft-dai dc vdi budc vft me Imm/vong

2.3 Khoi dien tir

Gdm he thong cdc mgch dien tu

Mach nguon Bien ddi dien dp xoay ehidu thdnh dien dp mdt ehidu de cung cap ndng lugng

cho cdc linh kien ciia mach Vdi thdng sd mach: Dau vao: Dien dp AC 220V, dau ra: Dien dp

DC 0 , ± 5 V ; ± 1 2 V

Mach nguon tao tm hieu sin Cung cap mdt hieu didn the co tan sd cao cho hai cudn cdm

Mach ngudn tao sin che tao dugc cd cdc thdng sd ky thuat sau: Bidn do tfn hieu ra U = (5

12)V, tdn sd tfn hieu ra f =1.7 KHz

Mach khuech dai Do tfn hieu ra tir cdm

bien Id rdt nhd (cd mV) do dd ta can su dung mach khuech dai vi sai co he sd khuech dai

100 -f- 200 Idn Diing mach khuech dai 2 tdng

Mach ADC 12 bit cho phep chuyen ddi didn

dp tuong ty sang gid tri sd, dau vao trong ddi tir 0 -^ -1-5V gid trj sd ddu ra trong ddi 0 ^

4095 giiip cho khd ndng xir ly dd dang do phan ly cao

Thdng sd mach: Dau vao: Tin hieu tuong ty, Ddu ra: Tfn hieu sd 12 bit

Mach xir ly tin hieu va hidn thi Nhan tdn hieu tir mach ADC 12 bit, dir lieu thu dugc se

dugc xu Id dk hidn thi ra LED vd kdt ndi mdy tdnh bdi vi didu khien AT89C52

Phan dieu khien dong co

Do yeu cdu ciia phep do la didu chinh tdc do dgng co trong khodng 0,5 -f Imm/s Do dd mach thiet ke dgng co sir dyng nguyen tac bam xung cd ddo chieu

Ket noi mdy tinh

Su dung chudn truydn thdng ndi tidp RS232 dk gep ndi cdc he vi su ly vdi nhau

Tren hinh 7 Id he thdng cdc mach didn tii da chd tao dugc

2.3 Ph4n dieu khien

Phdn mem dugc thidt lap tren ngdn ngii Visual Basic 6 bdi dap ung dugc cdc giag tiep

CO bdn thye hien truydn thdng vdi vi didu khien thdng qua cdng COM ciia mdy tfnh, giao didn

Hinh 8 PhSn mach dien tir ciia may

149

thuan tien cho ngudi su dung, hien Ihj ddng qud Irinh do, Ifnh toan ket qua do va luu tiir so lieu do Phdn mdn niiy hoan loiin cho phep dieu chinh cac thdng sd do cho phii hgp vdi yeu

cau ciia be mai do Vdi budc do nhd nhiil O.Smm lan sd lay mau nhd nhat 50 mdu

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Hinh 9 Giao dien chfnh chuong trinh dieu kliien

Kit qua do da dugc luu trong file *.txt Cac sd djnh dang thco cgt vd theo hdng

Tir bd so lieu ta cd thd ddnh gid do nhdm bd mat chi tiet theo tieu chudn

TCVN251I-1995 Bd thdng sd tga do diem be mat ma ddu dd di qua se dugc dua vao mgt phan mem tfnh toan va ve dudng trung binh vd tfnh todn cac thdng sd nhdm Ra, Rq, Rz Tiiy thudc vao sir lua chgn ciia ngudi sir dung Sau khi hoan thdnh viec tfnh todn ket qua do se dugc hien thj (bien dang do va cdc thdng sd)

Chuc ndng in mau: de thye hidn chirc ndng nay cdn kdt ndi vdi mdy in de in ra cac thdng tin vd thdng sd can thidt phuc vu qud trinh do do nhdm

HL KET LUAN

Hinh 10 Anh may do nham da chi tao

Kidm tra do nhay cua cam bidn vdi cdn mdu 4mm, 4,5mm cua hang Mitutoyo ta thu dugc

do nhay cua cam bidn cd khodng 1 Micromet

Khoang chinh "0" cho phep gidi ban trong khoang 100 pm khoang sai lech vj trf thue cua kim Ndu vide chinh "0" thirc hidn ngoai khoang gidi han cho phep thi ket qua do se khdng chfnh xdc Kdt qud do so sanh vdi mau nham ciia Mitutoyo da dugc trung tam do Iirdng Viet

Nam chung nhdn S6 V01.CN6.015.08 cdp ngdy 23 thdng 05 nam 2008

Cdc kdt qua nghien cuu nhdm tim gidi phap khdc phuc khi thiet ke che tao may do do la:

do dn dinh cua cam bidn va dg chfnh xdc cua thiet bj

Cdc van de can tiep tuc nghien ciru:

Che tao cam bidn vdi do chfnh xdc vd dn dinh hon

Hodn thien mach dien de dn djnh dg khuech dai

Xay dyng phan mem tfnh cac thdng sd tuong duong

Tai lieu tham khao

[1] Ngd Nggc Anh (2006) Phucmg phdp ddnh gid dg chfnh xdc cua thidt bi do do nhdm be mat kieu tiep xiic Luan vdn Thac sy Khoa bgc

[2] Mitutoyo (2004) Surface Roughness Tester SJ - 400 User's Manual, Mitutoyo/ Japan [3] Poon, C.Y and Bhushan B., "Comparison of surface roughness measurements by stylus

profiler, AFM, and non-contact optical profiler", ^ear, 190, pp 76-88 (1995)

[4] Thomas, T.R., Rough Surfaces, 2nd ed Imperial College Press, London (1999)

151