Lecture Informatics teaching methodologies - Chapter 4: Informatics teaching methods

Lecture Informatics teaching methodologies - Chapter 4: Informatics teaching methods. The main topics covered in this chapter include: the concepts of teaching methods; overview of teaching methods; traditional teaching methods applied in Informatics; the needs and oriented-innovation in teaching methods; basic factors of teaching methods; the execute function of teaching process;...

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Warm up

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How is a good teacher?

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Vocabulary

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Content

1. The concepts of teaching methods

2. Overview of teaching methods

3. Traditional teaching methods applied in Informatics

4. The needs and oriented-innovation in teaching methods

5. Basic factors of teaching methods

6. The execute function of teaching process

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1 The concepts of Teaching methods

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1 The concepts of teaching methods

What is a method?

A method is often understood as a path, a way to make certain goal

Example:

+ A method of cooking Vietnamese Spring Roll

+ A method of sorting all integer elements in an array in increasing order

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What is a teaching method?

Teaching methods related to the teaching process, including

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Teaching method is the way that teachers work, interact with students and

organizes necessary activities for students and interactions with them in order

to achieve their learning objectives

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What are the characteristics of teaching methods?

 Firstly, The roles of activities of teachers and students are emphasized

 These activities are not a parallel and independent activities

 Teachers’ activities trigger students’ activities

 Teachers’ role is somehow like controlling

 Teaching is not only teachers’ activities, but also including interactions between teachers and students

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 Secondly, the generality of the teaching method Teaching method is generalized image of the activities and interactions of a teacher

*(You can not see only one or some activities of a teacher and you said you know his or her teaching method!)

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 Thirdly, Teaching methods as a means of thoughts to achieve teaching and learning objectives

 They are different from teaching facilities only Teaching facilities are physical means

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2 Overview of Teaching methods

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2 Overview of teaching methods

There are many aspects of teaching methods need to consider The following aspects of Teaching Methods will be presented:

A The executive functions of teaching process:

1 Ensuring the starting level

2 Purpose – Oriented and motivation- suggested activities

3 Working with new contents

4 Consolidating

5 Testing and evaluation

6 Homework guidance

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In particular, consolidation can be gained by the following ways: practicing,

deepening the knowledge, systematizing, reviewing and making applications

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B The cognitive paths:

- Inference (suy diễn)

- Induction (quy nạp)

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C Forms of activities of teachers and students

 Teacher’s presentation

 Oral testing: Questions and answers

 Students work independently

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D Levels of exploration, discoveries

 Transferring knowledge available

 Problem posing and problem solving

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E The organizational forms of teaching

 Based on the number of students, we can teach the class, in groups or in pairs

 Depending on the students, teachers can teach simultaneously or differentiated

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G The teaching facilities

 Using visual media

 Using teaching programs

 Working with textbooks and reference documents

 Working with black board and white board

 Using ICT as teaching tool: What are they?

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H Forms of self-study

 Reading materials: textbooks and what else?

 Self-learning with ICT support: how?

 Consulting friends, teachers, and experts

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3 Traditional Teaching methods applied in Informatics

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Opening remark:

 There are many traditional teaching methods such as lectures, oral, visual,

review, practicing, training and examination that you already learned in

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 Students must be the subject of the learning process

 Lectures, visual media, facilities just make self awareness ability, active, initiative competence and creativity of students to arise

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Thirdly

 Visual form in Informatics is the most symbolic intuitive form: drawings, diagrams, tables, graphs, symbols,

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4 The needs and innovation - oriented in teaching

methods

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4 The needs and innovation - oriented in teaching methods

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The basis or foundation of the innovation in Informatics teaching methods are follows:

 Education rules 2005 (see textbook)

 Current status of general education in our country

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Innovation-oriented teaching methods emphasized:

 Teaching methods should focus on organizing students learning process in activities and by voluntary, positive, proactive and creative activities

 This orientation can be referred as learning in and by operating activities, or more compact: learners activation

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1 The master role of learners (students)

 Learners are masters in constructing knowledge, skill training, and forming good attitude

 The autonomy of learners has long been a principle of education

 Depending on the goals and specific circumstances, teachers can organize for students to work independently, and in exchanging activities

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2 Knowledge is implemented in pedagogical situations

 Knowledge is the object of study activities

 To provide students some knowledge, it is not very good way to give them immediately that knowledge

 The best way to do is to install it in the appropriate situations for students to occupy it through voluntary activity, initiative and creativity of the students themselves

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 According to constructive theory in Psychology, learning is a process that the learners construct their own knowledge by adapting the environment in which the contradictions, difficulties and imbalances have emerged

 Thus, It is very important to implement pedagogical situations, so that students can study in activities and by adaptation to the situations

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3 Teaching how to learn and self-learning in the whole teaching process

 The goal of teaching is not only concrete results of the process of learning, or

the knowledge and skills in the subject, but also the learning process of students, the ways students learn and organizational capabilities of students in

learning process effectively

 So, teaching to learn is important, learning how to learn is important

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 A particularly important aspect of teaching is to teach students self-study

 Because knowledge treasure of humanity is endless

 If you set a goal to provide enough knowledge for learners to live and work for a lifetime, you will never achieve it

 To be able to live and work for a lifetime, students should have the ability to self study

 This capability must be trained immediately in school

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4 Making and using teaching facilities to increase the human power

 What are the teaching facilities?

 They are printed materials, simple teaching aids to sophisticated technical means such as audio-visual equipment,

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 What does the teaching facilities help teachers and student?

 They help teachers set up intended pedagogical situations and allowing to organize exchanges information and activities between teachers and students effectively

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 ICT with enhanced graphics techniques can simulate complex processes, the virtual experiments with predetermined scenarios to achieve maximum efficiency for the learning process

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5 Creating learners’ optimism based on the labor efficiency and achievements of the learners themselves

When students are optimistic, they are active in learning!

How to make students optimistic?

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 Study results show changes in the mind and spirit of students that create favorable conditions or difficulties for subsequent learning process of these students

 Voluntarily, independent, creative learning activities, on the one side are requirements for the students, on the other side, they create students’ pleasure and optimistic attitude in learning process

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- Thus, the joy of learning can be created by various forms of reward,

- but most important pleasure for students is the optimism based on labor efficiency and academic performance of students themselves

- For example, when a student can solve a problem by himself or herself, or he or

she can discover new things, theses activities always bring joys for learners and make him or her excited and he or she wants to study more

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- One of the methods to make students optimistic is knowledge provided them and exercises given to them are relevant with their levels

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6 Identify new role of the teacher as a person who is designing, entrusting, controlling, and formalizing learning process

 Although students voluntarily engaged, creative, and is the master of the learning process, the role of teachers is undiminished

 For normal students, without the role of the teacher, the students can not be creative, innovative, and can not be the master of the learning process

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 In active learning, it would be conservative to assume that the role of the teacher as same as before

 The role of the teacher has changed and become more important The teacher’s roles are as follows:

 Designing, planning, preparing the process of learning: objectives, content, methods, means and forms of organization

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 Entrusting means to turn the teaching intentions of teachers to learning task of

students themselves (Knowledge is not transferred to the students in the form

available, but set up situations, activities and help them to be adapt to and operate)

 Controlling, including the psychology aspect, such as the encouragement, guidance, support and evaluation

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- Formalizing as confirmation of newfound knowledge, identification of individual knowledge into social knowledge, being compliant with curriculum, giving guidelines to apply and remember

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5 Basic elements of teaching process

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What are basic elements of teaching methods?

 They are exploiting possible activities in each part of contents which serve as a basis for the teaching process to achieve its objectives

 From orientation of learning in activities and by operating activities, we analyze the components of activities in theoretical and practical aspects, we can draw the basic elements of teaching methods

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In this section we focus on the following elements of teaching methods:

 Activities and component activities

 Motivation of activities

 Knowledge in activities

 Leveling or grading activities

They are called the basic elements of teaching methods

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5.1 Activities and component activities

The main content of this section is to give students practice

activities and component activities compatible with the content

and learning objectives

This idea can be specified in the following sections

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5.1.1 Detecting activities compatible with content

 Each content relates to certain activities

 Firstly, the activities are formed during the history and application

of the knowledge contained in this content

 There are also activities for students to be able to create and apply knowledge in the content

 In the teaching process we must include all work activities that

strengthen the knowledge, skills training and attitude forming

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Example: The concept of algorithm

+ Being compatible with the concept of algorithm are activities of

recognition and demonstration: students should do all the

activities to recognize an algorithm, and know how to demonstrate the algorithm

+ Also the language activities are compatible with the concept since students should use their own language to describe the algorithm, to express their understanding about the concept

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Attentions should be paid on the following type of activities:

 Recognition and demonstration

 Popular intellectual activities in Informatics

 Common intellectual activities

 Language activities

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5.1.2 Separating an activity into component activities

 Sometimes an activity may appear as a component of other activities

 Separation of an activity into component activities means knowing

how to conduct the whole operation

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Divide the sort process into n step, at each step we sort the part of the array from the beginning position to the considering position

 How can we do with only A[1]?

 How can we do with A[1] and A[2]?,

Before programming, what do we need to do?

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5.1.3 Choose activities based on goals or objectives

For each content there usually are potential activities If you implement all contents or activities at the same level, we do not have enough time, so we need to focus on the important contents and relevant activities

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