This chapter’s objectives are to: Illustrate how internal influences create unique types of cultures, explain how managers analyze challenges and opportunities in organizations, summarize the common reasons why managers change how their organizations operate, summarize how managers change organizations by intervening in systems.
Trang 1SECOND EDITION
Chapter 4 Organizations and
Change Management
Trang 2Learning Objectives
Trang 3§ Internal environment
• Comprises the forces inside an organization that affect how managers set expectations, how employees perform their
roles, and how the company interacts with stakeholders and responds to external environments
Trang 4Introduction (cont.)
Trang 5§ Organizational culture
• Collection of beliefs, shared by individuals and groups, to help their organization to respond to environmental forces and changes
• Experienced at the:
§ Conscious level – can be seen or heard openly (p. 88)
§ Unconscious level – things that employees think or feel
Internal Environment (p. 87)
Trang 6§ Organizational culture (cont.) – manifest in:
• Slogan – repetitive phrase intended to support an organizational culture, mission, vision, or values (p. 88)
• Story – narrative, usually fictionalized or enhanced over time, based on actual organizational experiences
• Symbol – event, situation, object, person, or other artifact that provides greater meaning to the organization (p. 89)
• Ritual – formalized activity intended to communicate and teach the
organization’s culture
• Ceremony – event that provides one or more stakeholders with a sense of purpose and meaning connected to the organization
Internal Environment (cont.)
Trang 9products or services
Specific Environment (cont.)
Trang 10§ Suppliers (p. 94)
• Entities that provide an organization with the external resources that it needs to operate, including money, materials, people, and information
Trang 11Specific Environment (cont.)
Trang 13§ Resources (p. 99)
• Demand influenced by the world population
General Environment (cont.)
Figure 4.7
Trang 14§ Resources (cont.)
• Energy (p. 100) projected world energy
consumption
General Environment (cont.)
Trang 15§ Resources (cont.)
• Water (p. 101) – an increasingly wasted resource
General Environment (cont.)
Figure 4.9
Trang 16organization’s talent and customers (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity)
General Environment (cont.)
Trang 18§ Economy (cont.)
• Gross domestic product (GDP) – value of what a
country produces on an annual basis (p. 104)
§ Represents the size of the economy as a number (nominal) or per person (capita)
§ Internet and ecommerce have enabled countries around the world to exchange services easily
§ Leads to rapid expansion of economies
General Environment (cont.)
Trang 19§ World economies – nominal GDP
General Environment (cont.)
Figure 4.11
Trang 20§ World economies – per capita GDP
Trang 22How Do Managers Change Organizations? (cont.)
Trang 23§ Stages of change (p. 108)
the change and why it is needed
§ Change agents – specialists who facilitate change by identifying problems and preseenting them to
How Do Managers Change Organizations? (cont.)
Trang 24§ Leading change: Eight steps for implementing change (p. 109)